Tam sim no, muaj ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm Cherry ntau yam. Kev qhia ntau yam zoo, lawv muaj peev xwm txaus siab yuav luag txhua tus neeg siv khoom noj.
Muaj cov no ntau hom nroj tsuag, uas delight lovers ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo thaum ntxov tshiab nrog lawv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Ib tus neeg sawv cev ntawm pawg neeg no yog tsi ntawm Cherry nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm Vavilov. Gardeners ntawm nruab nrab Russia thiab ib co republics ntawm lub qub USSR qhia zoo txaus siab rau nws. Cov lus piav qhia ntxiv ntawm Cherry ntau yam nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm Vavilov, keeb kwm ntawm xaiv thiab pom zoo rau cog.
Yug me nyuam keeb kwm thiab yug me nyuam thaj av
Qhov no Cherry twb tau raws li ib tug ntawm yug me nyuam kev tshawb fawb los ntawm soj ntsuam ntawm. Tag Nrho Lavxias Kev Tshawb Fawb Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Noob Hlis thiab Kev Nyab Xeeb (yav tas los lub Chaw Tiv Thaiv Ib Tug Menyuam) lawv. I. V. Michurin (Michurinsk, Tambov cheeb tsam).
Cherry ntau yam nyob rau hauv nco txog Vavilov yog nplooj siab rau ib tug zoo heev Lavxias thiab Soviet paub txog - noob caj noob ces thiab breeder, creator ntawm lub ntiaj teb coob sau ntawm noob khoom ntawm cultivated nroj tsuag, academician ntawm USSR Academy ntawm Sciences thiab Academy ntawm Agricultural Sciences Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov (1887-1943).
Tus kws sau ntawv tandem, leej twg tau ua haujlwm rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ntau yam tshiab (E.N. Kharitonov, S.V. Zhukov), xaiv seedlings tau txais los ntawm cov dawb pollination ntawm ib yam tsis paub meej raws li lub hauv paus rau "memorial" Cherry.
Tom qab ua tiav cov kev xeem ntawv, qhov novelty tau lees paub thiab muaj nyob rau hauv lub xeev daim ntawv teev npe ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam. nyob rau sab qis Volga thiab Central Dub ntiaj teb thaj av. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo 1985
Tom qab tso cai pom zoo ntawm ib tug tshiab ntau yam, tsis tsuas yog xyaum xyaum gardeners ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov liaj teb ntawm central Russia tab sis kuj tshwj xeeb los ntawm lwm yam republics ntawm lub qub Soviet Union ua xav.
Nyob rau hauv kev, breeders tau nquag koom nyob rau hauv lawv ywj siab xeem rau adapting cherries ntawm Vavilov lub cim xeeb mus rau lub zos climatic thiab agrotechnical mob. Ukraine thiab Belarus. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub Cherry ntau yam nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm Vavilov raug pom zoo rau zoning nyob rau hauv Kharkov, Gomel thiab Grodno regions, ntxiv kev piav qhia ntawm sab nraud yam ntxwv ntawm ntau yam.
Morozovka, Nyob rau hauv nco ntawm Enikeeva, Zhivitsa, Turgenevka kuj haum rau cultivation nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam.
Tsos ntawm Cherry Nco ntsoov ntawm Vavilov
Cherry Nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm Vavilov nws muaj nws tus kheej thiab yam ntxwv nta uas paub qhov txawv los ntawm lwm cov qoob loo Cherry. Nws "portrait" zoo li no:
Tsob Ntoo
Txaus siab txaus siab. Cov xim ntawm lub qia bark yog xim av-ntsuab.
Plaub, ceg.
Nyob rau hauv cherries ntawm no tsi, ib tug crown yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug dav kis tau pyramid. Qhov ntom ntawm crown ceg yog nruab nrab. Cov duab ntawm lub crown yog kwv yees li nruab nrab.
Tua. Nyob rau hauv greenish-xim av thiab tsis heev tuab tua muaj ib qho tseem ceeb curvature.
On tua muaj elongated internodes. Loj, brown buds ntawm conical duab, nrog taw cov tswv yim feem ntau khiav ib nyuag los ntawm kev khiav dim.
Nplooj. Lub qe zoo li maub ntsuab nplooj muaj ib qho ntse ntse saum toj kawg nkaus thiab ib qho puag ncig puag. Medium-qhov loj qhov hniav ua ib daim nplooj ntawm ntug bicuspid. Cov ntawv nws tus kheej, raws li txoj cai, yog nkhaus me ntsis upwards. Los ntawm saum toj no, lub matte saum npoo ntawm lub phaj yog heev yooj yim mus rau kov, nrog ib tug me me ntawm pes tsawg tus wrinkles.
Cov ntawv hauv qab no muaj me ntsis omission. Lub teeb ntsuab, cov ntawv cog lus yuav tsum poob sai heev. Nplooj yog fastened mus rau ceg nrog by elongated, nyias petioles nrog noticeable pigmentation.
Inflorescences Tsim los ntawm loj dawb paj. Qhov sawv ntawm txhua lub paj yog me ntsis laim ntoom.
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo
One-dimensional txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib lub dav thoob plaws lub plawv nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev ripened yog heev loj loj.
Cov ntsuas nyhav rau tib lub sijhawm - medium (feem ntau, qhov ceeb thawj ntawm cov niaj zaus berries yog nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm 3.6 mus rau 4.2 g; nyob rau hauv tsawg zaus, Cherry yuav hnyav me ntsis ntxiv). Ib qho puag ncig puag thiab apex muab lub plawv-zoo li silhouette rau lub fetus.
Zoo li cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv tsos thiab hnyav yog muab los ntawm Vyanok, Lebedyanskaya thiab Dessert Morozova.
Nyob rau ntawm lub hauv paus kuj yog ib tug ntiav funnel. Cov xim ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm ib tug ripe txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog burgundy.
Cov xim ntawm lub pulp yog maub liab. Lub cev nqaij daim tawv muaj ib qho muag muag thiab ib qho kev nplua maub liab.
Hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog pob txha oval ntawm lub teeb ntxoov xim av. Los ntawm cov pob txha pulp yog sib cais tsis tas siv zog.
Diam duab
Yam ntxwv ntawm ntau yam
Variety Cherry Nco ntsoov ntawm Vavilov ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm fertilization belongs rau pawg ntawm tus kheej-infertile txiv hmab txiv ntoo qoob loo. Qhov cim ntawm hom kab no txhais tau hais tias, vim muaj tej yam ntxwv ntawm lub paj (lub stamens thiab stigma ntawm pistil yog nyob hauv cov hlav ntawm ntau theem) thiab txoj kev ntawm tsim ntawm ovary, ib qho tsawg kawg ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog tsim los ntawm selfing.
Nws tus kheej infertile ntau yam kuj Zhukovskaya, Malinovka, Podbelskaya.
Qhov teeb meem no yog tshem tawm ntawm qhov chaw nyob ze ntawm tus neeg ntawm cov tau piav ntau yam ntawm cov ntoo ntawm lwm cov Cherry ntau yam.
Yog li, txoj kev soj ntsuam qhia tau tias zoo tawm los thiab high quality berries ntawm nco ntawm Vavilov txhawb nqa pollination ntau yam xws li Turgenevka, tib hnub nyoog.
Nyob rau hauv cov haum climatic thiab agrotechnical mob, lub culture pib dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo. nyob rau hauv plaub lub xyoo tom qab cog lub sapling.
Tsob ntoo txhua xyoo blooms thaum ntxov txaus, thiab raws li lub sij hawm ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripening, nws yog hais txog rau thaum ntxov-medium cherries. Ripe berries yog feem ntau muab tshem tawm ntawm Lub Xya Hli 15 thiab 25.
Yog hais tias tag nrho cov uas yuav tsum tau cog, tu cov nroj tsuag thiab tiv thaiv nws los ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov pests yog ncaj qha ua raws li, lub Cherry nyob rau hauv nco txog Vavilov qhia highs yields. Tshwj xeeb, txhua xyoo ib tsob ntoo nruab nrab raug muab tshem tawm ntawm ib tus laus neeg laus. tawm los ntawm 13-16 kg, thiab tej zaum kuj nyob rau hauv 20-22 kg.
Xws li ntau yam li Rossoshanskaya dub, Tamaris, Minx, Chernokorka qhia high yields.
Cherry ntawm no ntau yam tsim tawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrog zoo saj zog. Cov khoom yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv refreshing, nrog ib tug qab ntxiag sourness.
Cov cherry no, ntau cov kws txawj muab ntau tshaj 4 points ntawm 5-point scale txheeb xyuas txoj kev noj su. Xws li kev pom zoo yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau qhov nrov ntawm cherry hauv cov cheeb tsam tshiab rau nws.
Cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm Vavilov lub cim xeeb muaj ntau yam xws li cov nram qab no tshuaj:
| Muaj pes tsawg leeg | Cov naj npawb ntawm |
|---|---|
| Sahara | 11,0% |
| Organic acids | 1,6% |
| Qhuav teeb meem | 18,1% |
| Ascorbic acid | 21.65 mg / 100 g |
Cherry nco Vavilova qhia qhov nruab nrab lub caij ntuj no hardiness. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub ntoo ntawm no kab lis kev cai thiab lub buds ntawm nws cov paj yog cov feem ntau cov resistant mus rau txias ntawm nruab nrab band.
Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm tau ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo cov khoom, lub Cherry Nco Vavilov Cherry ntau yam yuav siv universal txoj hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, nws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog sib npaug noj nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov tshiab tshiab thiab technologically ua.
Txawm li cas los, tshiab cherries, zoo li compote, jam, jam los yog liqueur yog txaus nyiam tsis tsuas rau lawv saj. Lawv kuj muaj coob leej ntau hom tshuaj loj - thiab micronutrients, pectic, vitamins - txhua yam uas yog li tsim nyog los txhim kho tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv.
Lub caij ntuj no-Hardy ntau yam ntawm cherries kuj muaj xws li Tsarevna, Ashinskaya, Uralskaya Rubinovaya thiab Fairy.
Kev cog thiab kev kho mob
Lub caij ntawm tsaws yuav tsum precede qhov chaw npajnyob rau hauv uas tsob ntoo yuav loj hlob thiab muab nws cov qoob loo. Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov chaw siab tshaj yog nyob ntawm seb yuav ua li cas vam meej thiab muaj txiaj ntsig cov cultivation ntawm Vavilov lub cim xeeb Cherry yuav.
Thawj zaug ntawm tag nrho cov, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias tsob ntoo (thawj ntawm tag nrho cov, nws paus system) yog txaus qhov chaw rau kev loj hlob.
Txij li no ntau yam yog mus rau cov qoob loo loj hlob, cov kws txawj pom zoo kom faib ib seem ntawm 4 x 4 m rau cog ib seedling.
Nws yuav tsum zoo nyob rau tib lub sijhawm zes los ntawm lub hnub, nyob rau hauv ib sab windless sab ntawm lub vaj (nws yuav zoo kom muaj ib phab ntsa ntawm ib lub tsev) qhov twg hauv av tsis nce siab li siab li 2 m mus rau saum npoo ntawm lub ntiaj teb.
Nws kuj yuav tsum tau yug nyob rau hauv lub hlwb tias lub Cherry yog zoo tshaj plaws tsim on loamy thiab Sandy xau.
Cherry tau cog ob qho tag nrho nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab Autumn. Nyob rau ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cog ntoo txiav ib qhov nyob rau hauv tob 40-60 cm thiab ib lub cheeb ntawm yam tsawg kawg 60 cm. Cov av muab tshem tawm ntawm lub qhov yuav tsum tau sib tov nrog cov organic thiab pob zeb hauv av chiv sau lub seedling paus system nrog nws.
Ua ntej cog lub qhov ncuav 2-3 thoob dej thiab cia nws khom rau ob peb hnub.
Thiaj li rau ntawm sapling coj paus zoo thiab pib loj hlob sai li sai tau, nws yog pom zoo tias organic fertilizer nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm humus los yog manure, superphosphate (35-40 g) thiab poov tshuaj chloride (20 g) muab tso rau hauv qab ntawm aub tsiv.
Cov cuab yeej ntawm cog seedlings ntawm no ntau yam yog yuav luag tib yam rau technology ntawm cog lwm cov qoob loo cov qoob loo. Tsob ntoo yog vertically dipped nyob rau hauv ib lub qhov nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm thiab, tuav nws nyob rau hauv hais tias txoj hauj lwm, lub qhov yog sau nrog sib tov ntawm av thiab fertilizer.
Tsis tas li ntawd, xws li ib txoj hauj lwm ntawm ib sapling yog suav hais tias yog muaj tseeb, thaum, tom qab absorbing noo noo, qhov chaw hauv paus hloov mus rau ib lub qia (hauv paus caj dab) nce saum toj no av theem ntawm 6-7 cm.
Nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm kev sau ntawm hauv paus system, kom zoo zoo tso ib lub chaw nyob ib ncig ntawm lub pob tw ntawm seedling nrog koj ko taw los yog lwm yam kev txhais tau tias. Nyob rau hauv ib tug ib voos ncig ntawm 30-40 cm nyob ib ncig ntawm lub pob tw daim ntawv no ib tug earthen ntugthiab ces tsim nyob rau hauv no txoj kev 2-3 lub thoob ntawm dej tsau raug muab tso rau hauv lub funnel.
Yuav kom tiv thaiv tau dej hauv lub ntiaj teb los ntawm kev ntxov qhuav thiab tawg, lub voj voog ntawm pob tw yog sprinkled mulch los ntawm sawdust los yog humus.
Hauv kev txiav txim rau ib tsob ntoo kom zoo, koj yuav tsum tau saib tas li tom qab ntawd. Kev kho mob yuav tsum muaj cov dej li niaj zaus, lub sij hawm xoob moos ntawm cov av hauv qab ntoo, ceg ntoo. Pruning ntawm cherries yog nqa tawm txhua txhua xyoo nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej pib pib so (kwv yees thaum lub Plaub Hlis). Yog hais tias tus ceg tau txiav tag, nws yuav tsum tau txiav ntawm lub hauv paus pib thiaj li hais tias tom qab uas tsis muaj qhov txuas ntxiv rau ntawm tsob ntoo.
Kab mob thiab kab tsuag
Gardeners koom tes nyob rau hauv lub cultivation ntawm ntau yam cim xeeb ntawm Vavilov, kev zoo siab zoo tsis kam ntawm hom kab mob no rau coccomycosis. Txawm li cas los xij Moniliosis kab lis kev cai qhia tau hais tias muaj kev tsis txaus ntseeguas rau Cherry txhais tau hais tias txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev cog lus no fungal tus kab mob.
Raws li ib tug ntawm cov raug mus rau causative tus neeg sawv cev ntawm moniliasis, asilomycete monilia fungus, cov ceg ntawm tsob ntoo pib sai sai sai. Qhov no ua rau ib tug qaug zog ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab nws txoj kev tuag.
Qhov teeb meem yog daws los ntawm txoj kev ntawm kev ua ntoo fungicides. Muaj ntau yam ntawm cherries uas yog tshwj xeeb yog cov resistant rau fungal kab mob, xws li Lyubskaya, Vladimirskaya, thiab Novella.
Kev ua yog nqa tawm hauv peb theem - ua ntej, thaum lub sij hawm thiab nyob rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub flowering lub sij hawm. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, qhuav sections ntawm ceg yog txiav tawm nrog capture ntawm ib tug noj qab haus huv ib feem ntawm ceg ntawm 10 cm.
Fulfillment ntawm tag nrho cov kev cai ntawm cultivating Pamyat Vavilov ntau yam muaj peev xwm ntawm tau ntau ntawm noj qab haus huv thiab zoo nkauj khoom qab zib txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
