Qhov no nroj Dais lub npe ntawm tus hnyav Vajtswv ntawm Thunder los ntawm ancient Slavic pagan pantheon. Tej zaum qhov no yog qhov khoom plig rau tus kws sau pearl qhov ancient Slavic mythology.
Tab sis nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, lub npe ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qoob loo, uas yuav tau sib tham, yog heev congruent nrog lub heev ntawm lub cheeb tsam uas nws loj hlob. Thiab cov cheeb tsam no yog Siberia, thiab hais tias nws tag nrho.
Nws yog nyob rau hauv nws cov nyuaj nyuaj thiab unsuitable climatic tej yam kev mob (tsawg kawg nyob rau hauv relation rau heat-loving pears, by txhais) qib "Perun" Nws qhia nws tus kheej zoo heev thiab tsim tau, ntxiv rau hauv tsab xov xwm qhov kev piav qhia ntawm agrotechnics, duab ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab gardeners xyuas.
Cov pears hais txog dab tsi?
Cov txiv no yog pear. lig Autumn hom. Ua kom nws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo pib txij thaum nruab nrab Lub Kaum Hlis. Tus txheej txheem ntawm kawg ripening ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tseem rau qee lub sij hawm thiab xaus nrog qhov pib ntawm thawj Frost.
Thaum muab cia rau hauv tub yees pamber pear ntau yam "Perun" tsis txhob poob lawv sab nraud thiab saj tej yam mob kom txog thaum Lub Ib Hlis.
Ntawm no peb yuav tsum dais nyob rau hauv lub siab tias lub overexposure ntawm Autumn pears rau ib tsob ntoo yog fraught nrog lub fact tias txiv hmab txiv ntoo poob ib co ntawm lawv cov zoo. Ntau yam kev paub gardeners tshem tawm lawv rau 8-10 hom hnub ua ntej kawg kom loj hlob. Tom qab pw tom qab tshem tawm ob peb hnub, lawv tau ua ntau dua li pears uas tau nqis los rau ntawm tsob ntoo.
Bere Bosk, Uralochka, Silent Don, Svetlyanka thiab Samara kev zoo nkauj kuj mus rau Autumn ntau yam.
Muaj ib qho ntxiv, "mechanical", vim li cas vim li cas siav txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm ob peb hnub ua ntej lawv qhov tiav loj.
Raws li ib txoj cai, los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub voj voog mus, pears ntawm Perun ua ncaj hnyav hauv phaus. Xws li cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ua rau cua hlob yooj yim heev rau crumble, tsis muaj typing lawv qhov mob zoo saj.
Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, qhov no pear kab lis kev cai belongs rau nws tus kheej infertile txiv hmab txiv ntoo nroj tsuag. Kuj ua rau pawg lus no qhia tias tsob ntoo tsis muaj peev xwm mus rau nws tus kheej-pollinate nws tus kheej pollen.
Yuav kom lav tau cov neeg ntawm "Perun" qub fertilization thiab tau yields, nyob ze nws yog tsim nyog los cog ob los yog peb pear pollinators, blooming tib lub sijhawm. Lawv yuav muab cov ntoo uas muaj khaub lig-pollination ntxiv.
Yug me nyuam keeb kwm thiab yug me nyuam thaj chaw
Pear ntau yam Perun twb bred nyob rau hauv lub sim vaj ntawm tag nrho cov-Lavxias teb sab kev tshawb fawb lub koom haum ntawm Horticulture nyob rau hauv Siberia. M.A. Lisavenko (Barnaul) ib pawg ntawm breeders nyob rau hauv lub I. Puchkin (pab pawg thawj coj), E. Karataeva, I. Kalinina, M. Borisenko.
Thaum tsim ib qho kev tshaj tawm tshiab, ib tug txiv mab txiv ntoo uas siv ntau yam tsis muaj 10821 siv (niam txiv ob leeg yog "Grandmothers" thiab "Bergamot"), uas yog nkag nrog qib "Lub caij ntuj no Deanka".
Qhov no qoob loo yog nyob rau hauv cov pab pawg neeg ntawm ntau yam li hu ua Altai xaiv. Ua ke nrog Perun, daim ntawv muaj xws li Svarog, Lel, Kupava thiab lwm hom pears, uas tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov huab cua puag ncig Siberian horticultural.
Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, piav pear ua tawm kom ntau resistant kom txias tshaj ntau yam rau hauv paus cheeb tsam ntawm Russia, thiab tsis muaj zuj zus tshaj qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom sau.
Los ntawm txoj kev, lub Slavic zoo heev mythological npe ntawm ntau ntawm lawv muaj ib yam dab tsi ua nrog lub antiquity ntawm lub noob ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Lub sijhawm ntawd, tus thawjcoj ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv tau paub zoo txog keebkwm thiab kev ntseeg ntawm cov qub kev coj ua, thiab yog li Puchkin tus cwj pwm zoo rau keebkwm ntawm Russia, nws cov qub lus thiab legends tau pauv mus rau lub pears uas lawv tau tsim.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb sau tseg tias ua rau ntau thaj tsam nyob rau sab qaum teb Siberian (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv Novosibirsk, Tomsk thiab Kemerovo thaj tsam) tsis muaj kev vam meej.
Vim cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ceg ntoo, cov lus piav qhia thiab duab uas yog tom qab hauv tsab xov xwm, pear ntau yam Perun yog suab tsis muaj peev xwm los ua txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv tej qhov chaw zoo li no.
Frost-resistant ntau yam yog Forest Beauty, Chudesnitsa, Yakovlevskaya, Otradnenskaya thiab Fairy Tale.
Nqe lus piav txog Perun ntau
Qhov ntau yam muaj cov nram qab no tshwj xeeb thiab yam ntxwv nta:
Tsob Ntoo Qee txoj kev loj hlob - nruab nrab, qee qhov feem ntau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab qhov kev loj hlob tuaj yeem siab tshaj qhov nruab nrab. Lub cev yog npog nrog cov tawv ntoo ntawm qhov xim ntsuab-grey.
Plaub, ceg. Tsob ntoo "Perun" yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov chaw cog paj, uas muaj ib qho zoo nkauj tshaj plaws, ze rau ib lub ntsej muag. Array ntawm ceg tsis yog tuab heev, thickening yog kwv yees li medium.
Tua. Muaj ib txoj kab nruab nrab. Lub predominant xim ntawm cov tua yog brownish grey. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo formations yog khi li ntawm kolchatka tej yam yooj yim thiab cov hom.
Nplooj. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-qhov loj me nplooj, raws li ib txoj cai, ib tug dav qe-puab silhouette prevails. Txheem daim ntawv phaj muaj me ntsis concavity. Qhov saum npoo ntawm lub phaj yog du rau qhov kov. Khoom thiab yuav luag ncaj npoo ntawm nplooj yog yuav luag devoid ntawm tej serrations. Cov nplooj yog pleev xim rau hauv maub ntxoov ntsuab.
Inflorescences Flowering pear "Perun" pib hnub lig.
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Nyob rau hauv ib tug qoob loo uas tau los ntawm ib tsob ntoo laus, txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm nruab nrab thiab nruab nrab nruab nrab qhov nruab nrab (hauv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov xyoo). Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nruab nrab pear los ntawm xws li ib tsob ntoo nyhav ntawm 140-170 g, tab sis tseem muaj ntau dua txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm no ntau yam, tam sim ntawd pom, yog lub asymmetry ntawm nws tsis zoo txiv hmab txiv ntoo, qhov saum npoo ntawm uas yog feem ntau cim los ntawm ib tug me tuberosity.
Tsis ntom, dawb, me ntsis oily, nrog ib nplua grain, lub pulp muaj ib tug qhia tau ntxim ntxaum aroma.
Lub cev nqaij daim tawv, yam ntxwv ntawm qee qhov dryness nrog ib tug me me ntawm kua txiv, yog them los ntawm ib tug muag heev, me ntsis oily, ci daim tawv nqaij.
Cov xim ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ua ntej tshem nws los ntawm tsob ntoo yog ntsuab, tom qab ripening ntawm daim tawv nqaij acquires ib tug Golden-daj tsos nqaij daim tawv.
Nyob rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij nyob rau hauv loj tooj ntsuab subcutaneous me ntsis yog kom meej meej txawv. Sab hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob hauv cov noob me me ntawm qhov chaw kaw me me, cov noob ua ke.
Pears khaws cia rau hauv ceg nrog ntawm luv luv curved ntsev.
Diam duab
Yam ntxwv
Qhov no ntawm pear garden hais txog lub universal txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias nws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo heev ntawm kev siv sib txawv - tshiab, qhuav, thiab kuj yog ib qho khoom siv rau ntau yam, cua thiab noj qab nyob zoo stewed txiv hmab txiv ntoo, jam, jelly, marmalades, desserts.
Los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm neeg loj hlob, lub fetus acquires ib tug ncaj qab ntxiag qab-qaub saj ntawm dessert cim.
Qee qhov tsis zoo ntawm "Perun" yog qhov kev xav thaum noj mov plev zes uas tshwm sim vim tsis muaj kua.
Tshuaj nyob rau hauv nce pears yog muaj nyob rau hauv no cov kev faib ua feem:
| Muaj pes tsawg leeg | Cov naj npawb ntawm |
|---|---|
| Sahara | 12,8% |
| Titrated acids | 0,45% |
| Ascorbic acid | 5.8 mg / 100 g |
| Tannins | 58 mg / 100 g |
| P-nquag sib txuas | 58 mg / 100 g |
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov qib uas tau teev tseg pib 4-5 xyoos tom qab cog.
Ib tsob ntoo muaj hnub nyoog tsim tawm cov qoob loo, uas yog cov cim qis txhua.
Nyob rau hauv kev, nyob rau hauv teb teb ntawm Altai - lub teb chaws ntawm "Perun" - nruab nrab yields ib tsob ntoo ncav cuag 18 kg.
Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm Siberia pear Perun ua rau pom zoo txaus siab lub caij ntuj no, tab sis nws yog inferior mus rau lub qub Siberian "Lukashovka" ntau yam los ntawm tus teev tseg parameter.
Meanwhile hauv rooj plaub tshwj xeeb tshaj yog winters ntoo muaj peev xwm khov me ntsis. Yog li ntawd, thaum yug me nyuam ntau yam "Perun" nws yog pom zoo kom them nyiaj tshwj xeeb mloog mus rau prevailing climatic tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm tus npaj cog.
Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam, pear ntau yam yog ntse zus: Tonkovetka, Sverdlovchanka, Severyanka, Feeriya thiab Severyanka liab-cheeked.
Kev cog thiab kev kho mob
Dua li ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias "Perun" yog bred rau cultivation tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam Siberian, los ntawm qhov no nws tsis tu tsis tseg kom yog ib lub cev kub-hlub. Vim li no cog seedlings yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo tiv thaiv qhov chaw.
Yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj zog drafts thiab av nyob ze rau lub ntiaj teb. Thiab feem ntau cov tseem ceeb - nyob rau hauv qhov chaw no yuav tsum muaj ntau ntawm tshav ntuj.
Tsaus thiab nruj duab ntxoov ntxoo yuav pab txhawb rau kev tuag ntawm cov ceg ntoo tsawg tsawg thiab yuav tsis pub cov qoob loo zoo los ntawm tsob ntoo.
Raws li rau qhov tsim nyog muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov av ntawm cog qhov chaw, tshaj plaws chernozems, loams lossis xuas zeb lo ntxhuav yog ntshaw. On Sandy thiab av bases, pear cultivation yog ua tau thaum tsim ib tug zoo cog aub, qis acidity thiab li niaj zaus (txhua txhua xyoo) av fertilizer.
Nyob rau hauv cog seedling khawb qhov tob qhov tob ntawm 1 m thiab ib lub cheeb ntawm 70-80 cm. Txog thaum lub caij tsaws, lub qhov tsoo yuav tsum sawv ntsug tsis pub dhau 1-2 lub lis piam.
Ua ntej nws yuav tsum ncuav lub txiv qaub kua (2 tsom iav ntawm fluff ib 10 liv dej). Cov av muab tshem tawm thaum lub sij hawm kev khawb yog tov nrog humus, xuab zeb thiab superphosphate.
Nrog no av sib tov, lub keeb kwm ntawm ib tug seedling yog poured thaum lub sij hawm cog. Nrog nws no paus caj dab yuav tsum mus 5-7 cm tawm hauv av.
Nyob ib ncig ntawm tsob ntoo li cog nrog 3-4 cm radial earthen ncej tsim ib lub voj voog nyob ze-pob zeb nrog ib lub vojvoog ntawm 35-40 cm.
Rau hauv lub funnel ua Ncuav 2-3 thoob ntawm dej sib cais. Tom qab absorbing noo noo, watering qhov chaw Sprinkle nrog qhuav humus mulch (2-3 cm).
Kom pom zoo pear kev pom zoo li niaj zaus watering ntawm ntoo (raws li ib tug neeg sawv cev ntawm Siberian ntau yam, "Perun" yuav tsum tau ntxiv dej nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov lub caij ntuj sov), kom av fertilization, raws li tau zoo raws li pruning.
Thawj pruning yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv seedlinguas yuav muab rau yav tom ntej crown daim ntawv tseeb thiab xyuas kom meej nws txoj kev loj hlob.
Tsis tas li, cov ntoo hlob yuav tsum tau caij nplooj ntoos hlav pruning kom tshem tawm cov tuag thiab overgrown ceg.
Kab mob thiab kab tsuag
Txiv moj coos "Perun" zoo heev tawm tsam loj fungal kab mob.
Kab mob-resistant ntau yam ntawm pears: Chudesnitsa, Chizhovskaya, Skorospelka los ntawm Michurinsk, Moscow thaum ntxov thiab Oryol kev zoo nkauj.
Raws li cov kev soj ntsuam ntawm gardeners, qhov no kab lis kev cai yuav luag tsis muaj mob. Qhov no ntau yam yog resistant mus rau ntau cov pests.
Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias muaj lub siab xav ntxiv tiv thaiv cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov nas tsuag thiab sunburn, shtamb thiab pob txha caj dab tuaj yeem txhawb kom muab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tes.
Ntawm kab yuav pab kom zoo txiv qaub mortar, uas yog kho nrog lub cev ntoo.
Nrog ceev faj thiab lub luag hauj lwm kev siv ntawm tag nrho cov kev cai yooj yim no, koj yuav suav tau rau ntawm pear ua tsaug rau nws tus tswv nrog ib tug zoo heev sau.
