Californian worms thiab lawv cov qoob loo nyob hauv tsev yog ib txoj hauj lwm muaj txiaj ntsim zoo rau ob lub cottager thiab cov ntsej muag. Lawv txoj kev ua neej thiab kev ua tau zoo kawg, uas yog ob zaug siab tshaj li lawv cov txheeb ze, yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau lawv cov qe. Tab sis txhua lub lag luam muaj nws tus kheej subtleties. Thiab, nws yuav zoo li, xws li ib qho yooj yim ua hauj lwm, zoo li yug me nyuam worms, tseem yuav tsum tau ib txhia kev paub nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm kev ua zog.
Qeb Beekeeping
Honeycomb zib ntab yog ib yam khoom ntuj tsim tawm, vim nws cov paj tsw qab thiab txawv tshaj plaw saj, nws tsuas muaj lub caij ntuj sov. Txij li thaum lub sij hawm immemorial, Bee honeycombs tau suav hais tias yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev khoom ntawm Bee ntau lawm, tab sis tsis yog txhua leej txhua tus paub dab tsi yog li tseem ceeb rau honeycombs?
Rau cov neeg uas paub txog beekeeping los ntawm hearsay, nws nyuaj rau nkag siab txog dab tsi drone thiab yog vim li cas nws yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv ib tug Bee swarm. Ntau tus neeg paub tsuas yog tsis txaus siab ntawm nws txoj kev ua neej: tus drone tsis ua dab tsi hauv lub Hive, tab sis nws noj rau tsib. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv txhua qhov chaw, muaj xwm txheej qhia txog ntau tus neeg.
Peb paub los ntawm thaum yau hais tias zib mu yog ib tug zoo thiab noj qab haus huv delicacy. Niaj hnub no txoj kev ua lag luam muab rau peb nrog ntau ntau hom ntau hom zib ntab. Ntawm lawv, hmoov tsis, tuaj thoob thiab fakes. Ua kom zoo thiab yuav tsis ua mob rau koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv, nws tseem ceeb heev uas koj yuav tsum paub seb hom txiv mis yog dab tsi thiab yam khoom nws muaj.
Asclepias, los yog, raws li nws tseem hu ua, tus vatochnik yog tshuaj ntsuab perennial los yog semi-shrub nyob rau hauv qhov siab ntawm 0.5 mus rau 1.5 m, uas yog xam tias yog qhov chaw yug ntawm North thiab South America. Uterus muaj ib tug muaj zog kab rov tav rhizome, thickened ncaj qia. Cov lanceolate loj loj muaj nyob rau hauv siab lossis tawm tsam.
Yog hais tias koj tus npau suav yog ib tug apiary, ces ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov koj yuav tsum xyuas seb dab tsi breeds ntawm bees tshwm sim thiab dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv. Txhua tus tsiaj yog txawv los ntawm nws qhov kev ua tau zoo, tus cwj pwm, tsis kam mus rau Frost, thiab zoo li tsos. Mus rau hnub, nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no koj yuav suav txog ob lub kaum os hom ntawm bees.
Nws tsis pub leejtwg paub, nyob ntawm seb cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov muv sau qaub ncaug, saj thiab cov txiaj ntsim ntawm zib ntab txawv. Niaj hnub no peb yuav tham txog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws - buckwheat zib mu. Yog xav tau buckwheat zib mu, bees yuav tsum sau nectar heev dua lwm yam los ntawm flowering buckwheat, uas, raws li koj guessed, muab peb buckwheat.
Ua ntej pib tsim ib qho apiary, ib tug pib beekeeper yuav tsum tau kawm raws li kev paub ntawm kev tuav pov hwm. Tsab ntawv xov xwm no muaj cov tswv yim tseem ceeb rau tus thawj coj beekeeper: pib qhov twg, yuav ua li cas xaiv cov muv, hom khaus, kev tu xyuas zoo, thiab ntau ntxiv. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm beekeeping, koj yuav tsum paub thawj txhua yam. Kev paub ntawm beekeeping rau cov neeg tshiab yog ib hom ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv.
Ua muv los ntawm zuam yog ib qho tsim nyog rau txhua tus neeg beekeepers. Qee lub sij hawm lub neej ntawm tag nrho cov tsev neeg ntawm bees nyob ntawm nws, thiab ces cov tshuaj "Bipin" los rau hauv kev pab, uas muaj xws li amitraz. "Bipin": Cov lus piav qhia, kev sau thiab kev tso tawm ntawm cov tshuaj Amitraz, uas yog lub ntsiab ntawm cov khoom noj "Bipin", yog ib hom tshuaj npaj los tiv thaiv varroa ntawm cov muv.
Nyob rau hauv beekeeping, ntau cov tshuaj feem ntau yog siv los nce tus naj npawb ntawm cov tib neeg thiab swarms nyob rau hauv lub apiary. Xav txog hnub no ib leeg ntawm lawv - cov tshuaj "Apira". Cim, daim ntawv tso tawm, cov lus qhia dav dav "Apira" - yog ib qho yeeb tshuaj uas pab tswj kev ntes thaum muaj kabmob. Ntim hauv yas yas jars ntawm 25 g txhua txhua, nws yog ib tug dawb gel.
Bees yog siv los nkaum lawv lub tsev nyob rau hauv hollows los yog tob crowns ntawm cov ntoo. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau kab mus sai sai acclimatize nyob rau hauv ib tug tshiab ib puag ncig, kev paub beekeepers yog sim los tsim tsim kev mob rau bees rau yug thiab tsim delicious zib mu. Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, koj yuav kawm tau li cas los tsim ib tug Hive nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, dab tsi yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws cov ntaub ntawv rau muv shelter thiab kev xaiv rau kev kho.
Mead - ib tug haus dej haus cawv nyob rau hauv cov neeg paub txij li thaum lub sij hawm ntawm ancient Russia. Nws tau npaj los ntawm peb cov ancestors, thiab hnub no nws tsis tau poob nws qhov chaw. Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem nqus dej rau hauv ib lub khw, tab sis peb cov muaj ntau tus neeg nyiam heev ntawm lub tsev muaj tseeb. Nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus mead, daim ntawv qhia uas tau muab rau hauv qab no, yuav qhia txog qhov no, nrog rau koj yuav kawm ntau cov tswv yim pab.
Lub profitability ntawm apiary nyob ntawm kev noj qab haus huv ntawm bees. Kev saib xyuas ntawm beekeepers yeej tsis nco qab txog kev tiv thaiv kev ntsuas thiab los ntawm lub sij hawm mus rau lub sij hawm lawv spray lub apiary nrog ib tug txhim khu kev qha npaj. Zoo tiag tiag "Apimaks" - muaj tshuaj zoo thiab zoo, tshem tawm cov kab mob thiab cov cab. Nqe lus piav qhia thiab tso daim ntawv ntawm Bee honey honey Apimax Balsam yog ib qho khoom noj tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb uas ua hauj lwm raws li kev kho thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov kab mob fungal thiab kab mob hauv cov muv thiab Nozema.
Medogonka - ib yam tseem ceeb hauv lub apiary. Qhov no mechanism tso cai rau koj kom tau txais koj tshiab zib mu los ntawm honeycomb. Peb tsab xov xwm hais txog dab tsi medogonki, yuav ua li cas siv lawv thiab yuav ua li cas xaiv tsis yuam kev. Kev siv cov roj ntsha hauv cov noob txiv quav beekeeping, txhua txhua beekeeper xav tau kev haus dej haus, vim hais tias zib ntab los ntawm bees yuav tsum tau muab los ntawm kaw honeycombs.
Yuav luag txhua tus pib xyaum ua beekeepers siv lub Hive ntawm tus tsim muab los yog nws cov kev hloov kho. Lub npe ntawm Bee lub tsev yog nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm Charles Dadan - ib tug Fabkis beekeeper, uas siv advanced tsim rau nws lub sij hawm, yees ua tus tsim ntawm ib leeg lub cev beehive nrog ib tug loj thoob plaws thav duab ntawm quinby 11 nyob rau hauv tus xov tooj thiab ob peb lub khw nyob rau sab saum toj.
Niaj hnub no, nws tsis yog yooj yim kom tau ib tug npaj tos multihull Hive. Xws li tus tsim yuav yuav nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua lub khw tshwj xeeb hauv kev muag khoom ntawm khoom siv rau kev tuav pov hwm. Tab sis yog tias koj xav txuag nyiaj thiab tib lub sijhawm paub tias koj lub peev xwm muaj tswv yim, ces koj tuaj yeem ua ib lub pob kws zoo li koj txhais tes.
Ua kom bees nyob rau hauv ntau-khaus yog ib qho teeb meem tsuas yog rau ib tug neeg ua beekeeper. Txoj kev no nyiam vim nws txoj haujlwm. Tom qab tag nrho, qhov tsim tau ntawm zib mu nce los ntawm 3 lub sij hawm. Cia peb kawm saib yog vim li cas. Tsim Cov Ntaus Hom lej no tuaj yeem ua nws tus kheej.
Yuav kom tau txais ib qho zoo ntawm cov zib ntab, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom muaj ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov nyom nyom nyob ze apiary. Yog hais tias tsis muaj, koj tuaj yeem pab tau xwm thiab ntxiv nrog rau hauv cov nroj tsuag uas muaj peev xwm ua tau ntau cov paj ntoos thiab cov paj hlwb. Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm peb yuav muab ib daim ntawv teev cov zoo tshaj plaws zib mu nroj tsuag, ntxiv rau nws yees duab nrog lub npe.
Nws yuav zoo li, dab tsi yog kev siv ntawm poisonous maj, uas yog unsuitable txawm rau tsiaj pub? Tab sis tsis muaj - nyob rau hauv qhov, txhua yam muaj nws daim ntawv thov. Thiab qhov yooj yim bruise, uas yog li nrov nrog beekeepers, ib zaug dua tshaj tawm no. Botanical hauj lwm Qhov no unpretentious biennial nroj tsuag yuav pom ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv lub steppe thiab ntawm roadsides, ob qho tag nrho on stony slopes, thiab nyob ze cov khib nyiab dumps.
Yuav kom twj tawm zib mu, koj xav tau ib tug tshwj xeeb ntaus - zib mu extractor. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv zoo li no tsis qis, yog li tsis yog txhua tus tuaj yeem yuav nws. Tsab ntawv xov xwm no yuav tham txog yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau koj cov kua qaub. Nws ua hauj lwm li cas? Zib ntwg yog pumped los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm lub zog centrifugal. Qhov no tshwm sim raws li nram no: cov khoom plig tau muab luam tawm uas yog siv riam tshwj xeeb; ces lawv muab tso rau hauv cassettes uas tuav lub thav duab hauv txheej txheem; lub rotor rotates thiab zib mu yog pov rau ntawm lub puab nto ntawm lub zib mu extractor; nws mam li faib mus rau hauv qab thiab nkag rau hauv qhov yuav tsum tau xuas dej.
Zib ntab, tej zaum, yog ib qho khoom plig zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub cev, uas noob neej tau ntev ntev thiab zoo siab. Beekeeping yog ib txoj hauj lwm uas yuav tsum tau siv tej txuj ci ntawm honeybees (tsis yog txhua tus ntab yuav ua tau zib ntab), lub koom haum ntawm ib tug Bee tsev neeg thiab tej yam kev mob uas nyiam rau lawv cov livelihoods. Tus qauv ntawm cov muv muv Lub cev ntawm kab yog qhov sib cais faib rau peb lub ntsiab qhov tseem ceeb: lub taub hau, hauv siab thiab plab mog.