Yog hais tias koj tus npau suav yog ib tug apiary, ces ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov koj yuav tsum xyuas seb dab tsi breeds ntawm bees tshwm sim thiab dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv. Txhua tus tsiaj yog txawv los ntawm nws qhov kev ua tau zoo, tus cwj pwm, tsis kam mus rau Frost, thiab zoo li tsos.
Mus rau hnub, nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no koj yuav suav txog ob lub kaum os hom ntawm bees. Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm peb qhia feem ntau yog hom ntawm bees.
Yellow Caucasian
Tag nrho cov muv ntawm Armenia, Georgia, thiab Azerbaijan tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau daj Caucasian yug ntawm bees. Cev xim hauv cov muv yog grey nrog ci daj rings. Ib hnub ib zaug hnyav 90 mg, thiab nws qhov kuaj yog 6.6-6.9 hli. Qhov ceeb thawj ntawm lub barren uterus yog 180 mg, thiab hais tias ntawm fetus - 200 mg. 
Koj puas paub? Lub fertility ntawm uterus ntawm no yug ntawm bees yog tawm: nws muaj peev xwm ncav cuag li 1,700 qe ib hnub twg. Nws brood uterus feem ntau yog sown nyob rau hauv qis ib feem ntawm honeycomb.Nyob rau hauv sov, me me climates, daj Caucasian bees xav tias feem ntau xis. Ntev txias caij nplooj ntoos hlav tsis yog rau lawv. Nyob rau hauv ntuj tsim, thaum kub txog +8 ° C, tuaj yeem ua lub caij ntuj no flights. Kev siv ntawm zib mu nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no yog tsawg kawg. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav, qhov kev ua tiav ntawm daj Caucasian bees yog nquag tsim.
Cov hauj lwm zoo ntawm no hom ntawm bees yog zoo, lawv tso tawm mus rau 10 swarms thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm tso txog 100 poj huab tais hlwb. Cov kws paub txog kev noj qab nyob zoo hais tias yuav muaj 2-3 lub plab hauv ib qho dej, thiab tom qab ib tug tsiaj ntawm cov muv nkag hauv Hive, lawv tawm hauv lub tsev menyuam zoo, thaum tua tas.
Daj Caucasian yog muv heev. Thaum tshawb xyuas ib lub zes ntawm bees, huab tais tsis nres nws ua hauj lwm, thiab bees tsis tawm hauv thav duab. Ntas plentifully propolis, tawm hauv ib ntub, maub xim dawb lias ntawm cov zib mu.
Bees nyiag kom txaus thiab muaj peev xwm tua tau lwm tsev neeg, thiab lawv tiv thaiv lawv zes tsis zoo. Lawv muaj peev xwm ntawm harvesting propolis thiab pollen zoo, ua hauj lwm kom nquag plias, lawv muaj peev xwm sau ntau ntawm zib mu. Lub zib muv ntawm bees yog tsawg. Lawv hloov sai dua ib lub nyiaj rau lwm tus, kev ua haujlwm hauv huab cua tsis zoo. Lawv hloov mus rau qhov chaw txias kub heev, nrog rau kev thauj mus los.
Central Lavxias
Lub Central Lavxias yug menyuam ntawm bees hnub no yog kis thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no, txawm li cas los Central thiab qaum teb chaws Europe yog suav tias yog nws lub teb chaws. Cov tub ntxhais hluas bees ntawm no yug yog cov loj loj, lawv muaj peev xwm hnyav txog li 110 mg. Lub cev ntawm Bee yog tsaus grey, them nrog sparse ntev hairs, 5 mm ntev, thiab proboscis - txog li 6,4 mm. Thaum lawv rov los ntawm muv, lawv tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lub zes heev thiab tsis muaj peev xwm mus nyiag los ntawm lwm tus. 
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Cov no yog cov npauj npaim theej npau taws: thaum lawv tshawb xyuas lawv cov zes, lawv yuav coj cwj pwm, tawm hauv cov honeycombs, thiab zaum hauv tej pawg ua ke ntawm kab qis.Propolisut zes nyob rau hauv moderation. Lawv zoo siv los ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog sib ceg. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, bees sau lub zib mu khw; yog hais tias qhov chaw uas tau sau, lawv siv lub zes, thaum txo tus yug me nyuam ntawm brood. Yog hais tias lawv poob lawv lub tsev me nyuam, tom qab ntawd ces hauv tsev neeg ntev ntev lawm cov tear bees tsis tuaj.
Tsis zoo li lwm hom, Nruab Nrab Lavxias Meej tau zoo dua tuaj yeem ua rau te zoo dua lwm tus. Txij thaum lub caij ntuj no cov pa roj carbon dioxide yog 4%, qhov no ua rau qhov tseeb tias cov muv muaj ntawm so, txo kev ua si. Hom no ntawm muv yog qhov zoo heev. Ntau zaus, ib nrab ntawm cov apiary yog nyob rau hauv qhov mob swarm.
Bees sau zib mu los ntawm buckwheat, linden thiab heather. Los ntawm productivity, lawv muaj peev xwm tshaj lwm hom bees. Signet zib mu lawv muaj dawb. Lawv tuaj yeem sau tau ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov paj ntoos thiab muaj lub cev zoo.
Roob Grey Caucasian
Lub roob grey Caucasian yug ntawm bees tau pom nws qhov chaw nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam mountainous ntawm Transcaucasus thiab Caucasus. Bees ntawm no hom yog heev thaj yeeb. Lawv muaj qhov qis tshaj plaws - mus txog 7.2 hli. Qhov hnyav ntawm ib hnub ua hauj lwm bees nce mus txog 90 mg, fetal pojniam mus txog 200 mg, thiab barren - txog li 180 mg. Lub fecundity ntawm cov pojniam ncav txog li ntawm 1500 qe ib hnub twg. 
Zes propolisovano abundantly, signet zib mu yog ntub, tsaus xim. Qhov no yug ntawm bees feem ntau tawm tsam lwm zes, thiab lawv muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej zoo. Yog hais tias koj saib ib ncig ntawm lub zes ntawm bees, lawv yuav coj tus phooj ywg, yam tsis tag siv txoj haujlwm ntawm tus zuag, txawm tias koj tau txais nws. Ib tug txawv feature ntawm no yog hais tias lawv sau nectar zoo heev. Yog tias tsis muaj teeb meem, lawv tuaj yeem nrhiav tau qhov chaw ntawm tus txhoj puab, sai hloov cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov kua nectar.
Nrog kev tso pa tawm ntawm nectar los ntawm buckwheat thiab linden, lawv tsis pub dhau nruab nrab ntawm cov teb muv hauv cov khoom tsim tau. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, zib mu yog sau nyob rau hauv brood ib feem ntawm lub zes, thiab tom qab ntawd ces nyob rau hauv extensions. Qhov tsim tau ntawm grey Caucasian bees yog tsawg, tsuas yog 4-5% yuav ua tau rau hauv ib tug swarm. Tab sis tau nteg ntawm 8 mus rau 20 huab tais hlwb.
Nws yog ib qho yooj yim uas hloov los ntawm ib tug swarm mus rau ib tug ua hauj lwm ib tug rau bees. Yog hais tias bees overwinter tsis nyob rau hauv lawv cov neeg thaj av, ces lawv cov susceptibility rau frosts txo, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau cov central Russians. Tsheb npav tuaj yeem ua haujlwm zoo.
Carpathian
Cov vaj tse ntawm no hom ntawm bees yog Carpathians. Lub cev ntawm ib tug muv yog grey, qhov proboscis yog 7 hli ntev, thiab qhov hnyav ntawm ua hauj lwm bees yog 110 mg. Tus me nyuam hauv plab hnyav hnyav li 205 mg, thiab lub pob kws - 185 mg. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, thaum siv kev loj hlob ntawm tsev neeg siab, qhov fecundity ntawm lub tsev menyuam tau nce txog 1,800 qe ib hnub. 
Lub peculiarity ntawm cov bees yog hais tias lawv muaj peev xwm pib sau tej hauj lwm ntawm ib tug thaum ntxov hnub nyoog. Bees sau nectar, uas muaj suab thaj tsawg. Lub Carpathian muv muaj heev tiaj tus, lawv nyob twj ywm thaum lawv tshawb xyuas lub zes, yam tsis tau cheem lawv txoj haujlwm, lawv cov kev ua tau yog tsawg.
Lub foob ntawm zib mu yog dawb thiab qhuav. Lub productivity ntawm cov tsev neeg yog siab, muaj peev xwm ncav cuag txog li 40 kg. Carpathian bees yuav yooj yim nrhiav tau qhov chaw ntawm ib tug txia, hloov sai ntawm ib qho mus rau lwm qhov, thaum tsis yog nyob rau hauv ib tug swarm. Txawm li cas los, yog hais tias huab cua yog cov nyom, lub bees tsis ya tawm rau ib tug bribe.
Carpathian bees yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis rau Italian thiab Lavxias teb sab breeds. Thaum zes lub zes tiv thaiv zoo, thaum nws nquag nyiag. Qhov kev npaj ntawm pollen nyob rau hauv no yug yog tsawg. Carpathian bees yog indifferent rau wax moth, yog li koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau combating pests combs.
Ukrainian steppe
Lub Ukrainian yug ntawm bees nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub hav zoov-steppe cheeb tsam ntawm Ukraine. Lub cev ntawm muv yog lub teeb txho xim, qhov ntev ntawm qhov proboscis nce mus txog 6.63 hli. Qhov hnyav ntawm lub menyuam mos ab yog li 180 mg, thiab tias ntawm fetus yog 200 mg. Lub fecundity ntawm uterus ncav txog li 2300 qe ib hnub, thaum nws muaj peev xwm nce mus rau lub ntsiab sau ntawm zib mu los ntawm txiv qaub, acacia. 
Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, tsev neeg pib maj mam vim lawv tsis ya saum huab cua. Thaum pom los ntawm lub bees zes coj calmly, tab sis lawv tsis raws li thaj yeeb li cov grey Caucasian. Nruab nrab propolis zes, me ntsis zib mu sau.
Lub foob ntawm zib mu yog dawb thiab qhuav. Nyob rau hauv huab cua phem, lub bees tsis ya tawm rau nectar. Thaum lub sij hawm los rau lub ntsiab sau ntawm zib mu, bees kawm sunflower, uas hlob nyob rau hauv Ukraine nyob rau hauv loj tooj. Los ntawm sau nectar, Ukrainian bees yuav ya tawm los ntawm apiary rau 5 km.
Qhov no yug yog nruab nrab nruab nrab. Bees tsis inclined mus nyiag, tab sis thaum zwm, lawv tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lawv lub zes. Lawv cov paj ntoos qoob sau qis tsawg. Tus tsim tau ntawm Ukrainian bees yog heev zoo, mus txog rau 40 kg. Kev paub beekeepers qhia ib 120 kg zib mu sau. Txoj kev mus rau Frost yog heev siab. Kev thauj mus los yog qhov zoo.
Italian
Lub teb chaws ntawm Italian bee breed yog niaj hnub Ltalis. Tag nrho cov breeds ntawm zib mu bees yog nyob rau hauv coob, tab sis no hom yog feem ntau ntau nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Muaj ntau hom Italian bees: grey, peb-caj pas thiab kub. Qhov no yog ib tug loj loj Bee, qhov nyhav ntawm tus neeg ua haujlwm nce mus txog 115 mg, thiab cov proboscis txog li 6.7 hli. Qhov loj ntawm cov poj niam barren yog 190 mg, thiab fetus yog 210 mg. Lub fecundity ntawm uterus ncav txog li 2500 qe ib hnub, nyob rau hauv loj qhov ntau seeding on honeycombs. 
Thaum kuaj xyuas cov zes muaj nyob hauv so. Nws yog qhov yooj yim dua rau cov muv mus nrhiav ib qhov chaw ntawm cov pob zeb ze ntawm lub zes, kom lawv tau nyiag los ntawm cov tsev neeg nyob sib ze, thiab lawv tiv thaiv lawv cov zes. Qhov no yug tau zoo tsim tau, tau yooj yim hloov ntawm ib qho mus rau lwm qhov nyiaj xiab.
Kev loj hlob pib rau thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thiab kav ntev mus txog thaum xaus rau lub caij ntuj sov, uas muab lawv lub sijhawm rau txhim tsa lawv tsev neeg. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, bees sau zib mu nyob rau hauv lub extensions sab nrauv thiab shells, thiab thaum lawv tag nrho, tus sau yog pauv mus rau lub zes.
Kos npe rau koj niam yog ntub, dawb lossis grey. Nyob rau hauv huab cua unfavorable rau nectar tsis ya. Lawv tsim zoo nkauj, txawm, zoo heev honeycombs. Tsis phem propolis thiab pollen. Italian bees muaj ib qib tsim tau.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Txij thaum cov bees yog coj los ntawm cov xim, thiab tsis los ntawm qhov chaw, lawv yuav ya mus rau hauv hives nyob sib ze.Cov bees ntawm no yug yog thermophilic thiab yog li ntawd tsis zoo resistant mus rau Frost. Tsheb npav tuaj yeem tsis zoo.
Karnik, los yog Krainskaya
Lub Karnik los yog Krajina yug ntawm bees nyob rau hauv Austria thiab Yugoslavia. Lub cev ntawm Bee yog tsaus grey hauv xim, qhov ntev ntawm qhov proboscis nce mus txog 6.8 hli, thiab qhov nyhav ntawm cov nqaij ua hauj lwm yog 110 mg. Lub infertile uterus hnyav 185 mg, thiab fetal - 205 mg. Lub fecundity ntawm uterus ncav 200 qe ib hnub. 
Ib tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus cwj pwm yog qhov kev thaj yeeb ntawm cov me me, tab sis thaum tshawb xyuas cov honeycomb, lawv coj zoo tsis so thiab tsis tu ncua. Cov qos yaj ywm muaj pes tsawg tsawv; yog tias tsis muaj qhev, nws nce. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tsev neeg hauv muv tuaj yeem ua rau qee cov kawm: tsev neeg loj hlob sai, yog li koj yuav tsum muaj sij hawm los nthuav zes thiab pib khaws zib ntab. Thaum sau zib mu, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, lawv sau lub zes lub cev, thiab tsuas yog ces lub extensions thiab lub cev lub cev.
Qhov kos duab koj niam ntub yog ntub, los ntawm qhov tsaus nti. Nyob rau hauv huab cua phem rau ib tug xiab nyiaj tsis tshem tawm. Krajina Bee prefers ib tug qaug zog, tab sis ntev sau los ntawm zib ntab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog hais tias nws yog sau los ntawm kev poob. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm Frost tsis kam, lawv yog nruab nrab ntawm Central Russia thiab Caucasian bees.
Buckfast
Backfast bees yug yog qhov nrov tshaj plaws thiab lees paub thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb, lawv yam ntxwv yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws. Lawv ua haujlwm tsis txaus thiab tsis siab phem txhua. Bees muaj peev xwm siv sij hawm nyob rau hauv paus txhua yam, tab sis feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov lawv hlub nag. Pib, lawv siv los tua cov kabmob uas raug teeb meem ntawm muv trachea. Tus apiary tseem yuav tuag taus los ntawm cov kab no. 
Koj puas paub? Qhov no yug coj tus British monk. Yuav kom tau txais ib tug tshiab yug, nws hla tsaus thiab Italian bees, thiab raws li ib tug tshwm sim, ib tug resistant, tenacious yug ntawm buckfast tshwm.
Backfast tau raug coj los ntawm Italian yug, yog li ntawd lawv muaj ntau yam nyob rau hauv ntau. Qhov txawv ntawm qhov txawv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus xim ntawm tus kabmob, thiab lawv qhov ntev thiab ntev npaum li cas. Bakfast bees zam siab tsis khov, tab sis zoo resistant mus rau cov kab mob. Muaj kev zoo siab ntawm kev sib haum xeeb, kev sib haum xeeb-hlub, tsis txhob tua lwm tus muv.
Txawv ntawm high productivity nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm zib mu, coj ntau ntawm pollen, ua hauj lwm txhua hnub. Ib tus menyuam yaus tuaj yeem nteg qe ntev loo. Tsis ntshai cua, nag, pos huab. Cov yug menyuam rov qab nyob hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg, ntawm qhov kub ntawm +10 ° C, khaws cov paj ntoos thiab cov paj hlwb. Nyob rau hauv lub zes me me propolis, tsis zoo li Italian yug.
Koj puas paub? Bakest bee breed yuav interbreed nrog lwm breeds.Koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas lub zes lub sijhawm twg los tau. Thaum tshawb xyuas lub zes bees dawb lub Upper ib feem ntawm lub thav duab. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau Italian bees, lub yug Bacfast nyob rau hauv Lub ib hlis ntuj tseem nyob rau hauv lub zes, tos rau huab cua sov.
