Shiitake nceb noj tau zoo tshaj plaws saj zog, zoo li ib qho txiaj ntsim ntawm kev noj qab haus huv nrog cov khoom kom zoo.
Yuav kom tau cov feem ntau tseem ceeb thiab high-zoo nceb ntawm no tsiaj, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau ua tib zoo thiab xavfullyfully ze lub teeb meem ntawm lawv cov cultivation.
Shiitake Mushroom
Shiitake yog suav hais tias yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov nceeg hauv lub ntiaj teb, tsis yog vim nws siv nws txoj kev siv tshuaj kho mob, tab sis vim yog nws cov khoom noj khoom haus zoo heev. Qhov no nceb noj kab lis kev cai yog qhov zoo rau kev npaj dej ntawm lub qhov ncauj thiab cov dej haus.
Cov nceb muaj ib lub hau daj uas muaj ib txoj kab uas nyob ntawm 4 mus rau 22 xuab moos nrog ib qho txawv ntawm tus qauv. Shiitake muaj lub qog fibrous, thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov kab mob no kuj tau cog lus nrog lub hauv paus tshwj xeeb uas tiv thaiv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhov chaw thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm ripening spores. Thaum cov kaus hniav npaj txhij lawm, daim nyias nyias tawg tas thiab nyob hauv daim ntawv ntawm "dai daim ntaub" ntawm lub hau. 
Cov neeg Xeem Asmeskas tau haus ib txoj kev tshwj xeeb ntawm cov nceb noj haus rau lawv cov hluas, yog li feem ntau hauv Esxias lub teb chaws, shiitake raug hu ua "imperial mushroom." Lub teb chaws ntawm no kab yog lub forests ntawm Tuam Tshoj thiab Nyiv, qhov twg cov kab lis kev cai propagates on lub trunks ntawm hardwood ntoo.
Koj yuav txaus siab kom paub seb cov nceb loj hlob ntawm cov ntoo thiab cov qij.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm caloric ntawm cov khoom no kuj tsawg - 34 kcal ib 100 grams ntub dej ntub. Qhov tshwj xeeb yog qhuav shiitake, raws li lawv cov ntsiab lus caloric yog li 300 kcal ib 100 grams.
Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm tus nqi noj haus, tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nceb yog qhov tseeb, vim hais tias nws muaj ntau npaum li cas zinc, complex carbohydrates, yuav luag tag nrho cov npe ntawm cov amino acids, zoo li cov leucine thiab lysine txaus rau qhov ntau. Nrog kev pab ntawm kev siv shiitake, koj tuaj yeem txo theem ntawm cov cholesterol hauv lub cev, nrog rau kev txo cov ntshav qab zib thiab kov cov kev ua xua. 
Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov noj ntawm no kab mob nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv qhuav yuav pab tau nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob hauv plab los yog mob ntawm daim siab.
Koj puas paub? Spores ntawm fungi yuav tos rau ib lub sijhawm zoo rau cov kab mob sib xyaw rau xyoo. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, cov huab cua yuav tsum muaj peev xwm to taub qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb nyob rau qhov chaw uas tsis tau npaj txhij tshaj plaws: ntawm lub thawv, lub hnab ntim khoom, phab ntsa lossis lwm qhov chaw.
Cov khoom no kuj muaj qee yam khoom ntiag tug. Piv txwv li, cov neeg uas muaj kev ntshaus ntawm kev tsis haum tshua, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kom zoo zoo rau kev noj tshuaj shiitake. Ntxiv thiab, tsis txhob noj cov fungus no thaum lactation thiab cev xeeb tub (qhov khoom muaj xws li ntau tus biologically active tshuaj).
Shiitake cog kev loj hlob
Hom kab ntawm cov kab mob no yog nyob rau hauv cov hoob kawm ntawm saprotroph fungi, uas tuaj yeem loj hlob ntawm qhov chaw tuag thaum lub qhov tsim nyog puag ncig tsim nyog. 
Mushroom growers kos ib qho cuab yeej tawm ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov kab no - ib qho kev qeeb me ntsis ntawm mycelium, as Well as pluag competitive qualities nyob rau hauv tus nriaj rau ciaj sia taus nyob rau hauv cov qus (thaum piv nrog colonies ntawm puab thiab cov kab mob).
Nyeem txog dab tsi mycelium yog thiab yuav ua li cas kom loj hlob hauv tsev.
Tab sis nrog kev ua tiav ntawm tag nrho cov kev tsim nyog loj hlob cov txheej txheem thiab tswj kev ua kom tiav ntawm txhua theem, nws yog ib qho ua tau kom tau txais qoob loo loj txaus nrog tsawg heev dag zog.
Muaj ob txoj kev loj ntawm kev cog qoob shiitake nceb: nws kim heev thiab muab siab kho.
Ntev heev txoj kev
Nws yog raws li qhov siab tshaj plaws luam ntawm lub ntuj kev ntawm fungus germination on ntoo. Rau lub hom phiaj no, cov txwv ntawm cov ntoo uas tsis haum tsim tau tua tau thiab kho kom zoo thiab nyob rau hauv ib txoj hauv kev tshwj xeeb uas lawv kis tau rau hauv kuv lub plab me me ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Hom no yuav coj cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws hauv thaj tsam nrog cov kev nyab xeeb uas tsim nyog (qhov kub thiab txias).
Qhov siab tshaj theem ntawm fruiting yog pom nyob rau hauv ob xyoo ntawm qhov qhia txog ntawm mycelium rau hauv raw khoom ntoo. Tam sim no txog li 70% ntawm lub ntiaj teb khoom ntawm shiitake nceb raws li hom no. 
Txheem txoj kev
Nws yog raws li kev siv ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb npaj npaj substrate los ntawm daim tawv nyias, sawdust ntawm deciduous ntoo, straw ntawm cereals nrog ntxiv ntawm grain, bran, quav nyab los yog pob zeb hauv av additives. Qhov no sib tov yuav tsum tau kom zoo sterilized los yog pasteurized, tom qab uas lub fungus mycelium yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau lub substrate. Tom qab qee lub sij hawm, ua tiav txoj kev sib haum xeeb ntawm cov blocks tshwm sim thiab cov mushroom grower tau txais thawj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Txheem txoj kev
Mycelium rau cov cultivation ntawm shiitake intensive txoj kev yog manufactured thiab muag rau ntawm ib lub lag luam tshwj xeeb hauv ob lub ntsiab hom:
- sawdust - Mycelium dilution tshwm sim nyob rau sawdust-bran sib tov. Qhov no yog zoo meej rau cov nceb nceb hauv ib homogeneous substrate. Qhov qub piv ntawm mycelium thiab sawdust substrate rau mob siab heev maturation ntawm shiitake yog 5-7% ntawm mycelium ntawm substrate loj.
- lis - yog ib lub placer ntawm grain, nyob rau hauv uas lub spores ntawm fungus tsim. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub lis piam pab raws li qhov nruab nrab zoo nruab nrab mus rau qhov pib ntawm high-quality mycelium. Rau zoo yug me nyuam ntawm shiitake los ntawm no hom ntawm mycelium, koj yuav tsum tau ntxiv 2% ntawm cov phom kis los ntawm qhov loj ntawm lub substrate.
Cov kws kho mob nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm cov nceb ua rau pom zoo siv cov cereal mycelium, vim cog cog yuav khaws cov ntau yam ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub cev, thiab tej yam tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem pom zoo rau cov khoom siv li no.Nws tseem ceeb heev! Txij thaum lub sij hawm ancient, zoo antiparasitic thaj chaw ntawm shiitake fungus tau paub, ntawm uas ntau yam ntawm cov kab mob thiab txawm helminths raug kho.
Txoj kev daws zoo tshaj plaws yog yuav ib lub pob ntawm mycelium, weighing 18 kg, ntawm ib hom roj, thiab nws ntxiv ntim rau hauv hnab yas nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb latch (200 grams). Ntim yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv chav tsev tu tsis muaj qhov cua. Koj tseem yuav xav tau ib lub rooj thiab ib lub phiab muab ntxuav nrog ib tug ntaub qhwv tov nrog cov tshuaj dawb. Cov txheej txheem rau lub faib ntawm mycelium yuav tsum tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ob peb ua ke:
- Theem 1 - Extraction ntawm ib feem ntawm lub substrate nyob rau hauv lub plab mog. Nws faib ntawm ob txhais tes mus rau lwm yam nplej;
- Theem 2 - backfilling ntawm mycelium nyob rau hauv 200-grams feem ntau nyob rau hauv cov hnab nrog snaps;
- Theem 3 - kev tsim tawm ntawm cov huab cua lim tawm ntawm ntaub hoob nab (qhov sib ntxiv ntawm ntau lub voj voog ntim nrog ib qhov ntev ntawm 30 × 30 hli);
- Theem 4 - cov hnab siv nrog cov xim lim kua (mycelium lim (ntxig rau lub hnab ntim rau hauv lub latch, thiab kaw qhov chaw seem nrog lub latch);
- 5 theem - khawm sab saum toj ntawm lub hnab nrog tus ntiv tes nrog ntxiv kom nws mus rau hauv lub hnab nrog nplaum kab xev.
Xws li ib lub kaus mom yuav muab khaws cia kom ntseg (nrog lub lim) hauv ib lub tub yees rau li 6 lub hlis, thiab kuj yog qhov yooj yim rau kev ua tsis zoo (kev kis ntawm substrate nrog grain mycelium).Kev npaj ntawm nceb blocks
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws muaj peev xwm rau cultivation ntawm shiitake yas hnab yog suav hais tias yuav yog ib daim ntawv, thiab raws li ib tug permissible volume ntawm 1 mus rau 6 liv. Cov khoom tseem ceeb rau kev siv ntawm ib lub pob yuav tsum yog polypropylene los yog high ntom polyethylene (yog li ntawd lub npaj block tau withstand txiav txim siab kub hnyav thaum lub sij hawm ua kom tsis muaj txheej txheem ntawm lub substrate).
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Re-sterilization yuav ua rau muaj kev tsis zoo hauv cov txheej txheem hauv substrate, uas yuav tsim muaj ib qho chaw tsis zoo nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog shiitake mycelium. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom saib xyuas cov kev lag luam tsis yog ntawm lub chaw tshuaj thiab lub sijhawm ua haujlwm.
Tej pob khoom uas tsis muaj cov ntxaij lim dej yuav tsum raug kaw nrog lub paj rwb nrog lub nplhaib (yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov khoom uas tsis muaj cua sov thiab muaj ib txoj kab uas nyob ntawm 40-60 hli). On muag muaj kuj tshwj xeeb pob rau loj hlob nceb. Ib qho ntawm cov khoom no yog qhov kuaj tshwj xeeb microporous. 
Yog li, tom qab uas sau cov thawv ntim nrog lub substrate, lub hnab ntim khi thiab cov roj pauv siv qhov chaw tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov ntxaij lim dej, thiab qhov xav tau rau lub nplhaib thiab cork tawm kiag.
Ua ntej seeding mycelium rau hauv xws li cov blocks, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog kom tau meej sterilize lub substrate npaj ua ntej. Muaj ob txoj hauv kev los ua cov haujlwm no:
- ntim unsterilized substrate nyob rau hauv hnab (tsim ntawm blocks) nrog ntxiv sterilization. Xws li tus txheej txheem yuav tsum siv ntawm autoclave, qhov twg cov blocks nrog substrate tso (tsis rau autoclave: vapor siab - 1-2 atm., Kub - 120-126 ° C). Cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau lub sijhawm luv luv - 2-3 teev.
- kom tsis muaj menyuam ntawm lub substrate ua ntej ntim hauv cov hnab (blocks). Ua kom tsis muaj pa roj carbon dioxide, yuav tsum tau siv cov dej npau npau npau rau ob peb teev (4-5). Tom ntej no, lub substrate yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm nyob rau hauv ib lub tais huv thiab cia kom txias. Tom qab cov txheej txheem no, koj yuav tsum ntim cov tshuaj sib tov sib xyaw hauv cov hnab. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias nrog kev siv txoj kev ntsuas kom zoo li no, cov hnab yas yuav siv los ua ib lub taub ntim rau cov khoom tsim nyob rau hauv lub substrate nrog lub installation ntawm cov khoom siv saum toj-piav lim.
Ntim lub substrate nyob rau hauv hnabSubstrate Npaj
Thaum siv txoj hauv kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag kom tsim tau ib lub substrate, buckwheat husks, txiv hmap los yog kua residues, straw, txhuv kas nplej, sawdust thiab tawv ntoo ntawm deciduous ntoo, as well as flax lossis sunflower husk.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Lub Cheebtsam ntawm coniferous ntoo hom tsis tuaj yeem siv los tsim ib qho kev sib xyaw rau cov nroj tsuag, vim lawv muaj ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov khoom thiab cov phenolic, uas cuam tshuam rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm mycelium.
55-90% ntawm qhov loj ntawm qhov sib tov rau cultivation ntawm shiitake nceb yuav tsum siv lub sawdust loj ntawm 3-4 hli. Cov khoom me me tuaj yeem ua mob rau txoj kev hloov roj, uas yuav ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm fungi. Nws yog pom zoo kom ntxiv ntoo chips thiab daim tawv nqaij mus rau lub substrate tsim ib qho aerated sib tov qauv. 
Coob leej nceb coob heev siv cov cereal straw ua ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm lub substrate rau shiitake. Lub caij no yuav tau txais txiaj ntsim hauv txoj kev loj hlob nceb yog tias cov quav cab tau raws li hauv qab no:
- straw yuav tsum tau ntim hauv cov huab cua sov nrog cua txias qis (dua li ntawm tib lub sijhawm thaum sau qoob);
- Straw kev loj hlob yuav tsum yog tus phooj ywg zoo;
- tus nqi ntawm straw yuav tsum sib haum mus rau lub biennial haum, txij li thaum ib xyoo ntawm kev txuag, straw nce lub ntsiab lus ntawm tseem ceeb kawm (nitrogen) los ntawm ib nrab, thiab yog tseem yooj yim rau grind.
Xav txog tag nrho cov subtleties ntawm nce nceb xws li oyster nceb, qus nceb, champignons, dub truffle nyob hauv tsev.
Ib qho tseem ceeb hauv lub substrate yog tau los ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb, uas yog lub luag hauj lwm tswj cov theem ntawm nitrogen hauv qhov sib tov, muab cov pH siab yam, accelerating kev loj hlob ntawm mycelium, thiab ntxiv kom tsawg ntawm qhov sib xyaw. Cov khoom noj haus yuav tsum yog los ntawm 2% mus rau 10% ntawm tag nrho cov loj ntawm cov substrate.
Cov impurities no muaj xws li grain, nplej los yog lwm yam cereal bran, soy hmoov, ntau cov zaub mov pov tseg, nrog rau chalk thiab gypsum. 
Substrate mixtures rau cultivation ntawm shiitake nceb yog txawv los ntawm ib tug ntau ntau yam. Qhov nrov tshaj plaws thiab zoo substrates yog cov hauv qab no:
- 41 kg ntawm sawdust pom zoo cov ntoo nrog 8 kg ntawm cereal bran. Kuj nrog ntxiv ntawm 25 liv dej thiab 1 kg ntawm qab zib;
- txoj tawv thiab daim tawv nqaij (piv 1: 1 lossis 1: 2 ntawm qhov hnyav);
- bark, sawdust thiab straw substrate (1: 1: 1);
- rice seem thiab sawdust (4: 1).
Koj puas paub? Nyob rau hauv 2003, ib lub nceb nyob hauv ib lub chaw ua haujlwm atomic reactor hauv Nyiv los ntawm kev tshawb fawb tshwj xeeb neeg hlau.
Tseem ceeb yog qhov kev txhawb nqa ntawm substrate ntawm bark thiab sawdust hmoov los ntawm pob kws los yog soy. 
Tus txheej txheem ntawm kev npaj lub substrate rau inoculation muaj peb theem theem:
- Sib tsoo. Tso cai rau koj ua cov dej sib tov ntau dua, uas txaus ntshai rau kev kis ntawm mycelium (qhov chaw loj ntawm voids mycelium yog qhov nyuaj heev kom kov yeej). Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev sib tsoo ntawm kev sib txuam yog ntawm qhov tseem ceeb thaum siv cov quav cawv tshiab. Nyob rau hauv tsev, straw txaus rau grind txog li 5-10 cm.
- Sib tov Ib qho tseem ceeb txaus rau theem tsim tawm zoo-zoo substrate. Qhov kev ntsuas no yuav ua rau pom kev zoo tshaj plaws nrog rau ib qho kev ua homogeneous ntawm txhua qhov ntawm cov khoom ntxiv.
- Ua. Cov theem no ua rau kev tsim cov chaw nyob dawb rau cov khoom muaj nqis ntawm shiitake, xws li nyob rau hauv kev txhoj puab heev nyob rau hauv nws yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev vam meej rau lub ntsiab colonies pwm thiab kab mob. Cov zauv ntawm cov substrate tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv los yog pasteurization thiab yog ncaj qha ntsig txog tsim tawm ntawm cov nceb. Yog li, txoj kev ntsuas kom tsis tu ncua yog piav raws li cov lus qhia saum toj no.
Substrate NpajInoculation
Qhov txheej txheem no yog qhov feem ntau lub luag hauj lwm, yog li ntawd, nws yuav tsum muaj siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev mloog thiab kev npaj. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov theem no yog qhov tseeb tso ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub shiitake mycelium mus rau hauv cov zaub sib tov. Txhua yam kev ua yuav tsum tau muab coj los ua hauv cov thawv ntim khoom uas siv cov khoom ntxuav tawm.
Ua ntej lawv pib mus, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau muab cov pob txha los ntawm cov khoom muag, thiab muab cov hwj thiab cov pob rau cov tshuaj siv (70% cawv lossis 10% sodium hypochlorite).
Cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau nqa tawm sai sai: qhib lub pob, deposit lub mycelium, kaw lub pob. Tus nqi ntawm mycelium yog li 2-6% ntawm tag nrho cov nyhav substrate. Nws yog tsim nyog los qhia mycelium tusyees kom loj hlob cov txheej txheem ntawm maturation. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws daws yog los npaj ua ntej nyob rau hauv lub substrate ib hom ntawm central channel thiab nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm inoculation los txiav txim xyuas lub mycelium on nws. 
Ntxiv nrog rau grain mycelium, nws kuj yog tau siv ib tug sawdust los yog kua feem. Cov dej no yuav qhia tau zoo tshaj plaws nrog homogeneous cov khoom ua. Cov ntaub ntawv tus nqi ntawm sawdust cov khoom yog 6-7%.
Cov kua mycelium ripens ntawm ib yam khoom tshwj xeeb (piv txwv li, npias wort). Kev siv cov khoom zoo li no tsuas yog ua tau nyob rau hauv cov kev mob ntawm exceptional sterility ntawm substrate. Rau kua inoculation nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau siv ib tug tshwj xeeb dispenser. Tus nqi yog 20-45 ml ib 2-4 kg ntawm substrate.
Thaum npaj txog koj qhov "mushroom" mushroom trails, nrhiav seb cov nceb noj tau li cas (nce hauv May thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg) thiab lom, thiab tseem pom li cas koj tuaj yeem xyuas cov nceb noj kom siv cov kev nyiam.
Kev Tsim Ua
Qhov no lub sij hawm yog tsi ntsees los ntawm intensive kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag sib tov los ntawm fungus thiab kev nqus ntawm cov tsim nyog qhov chaw rau tsim ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws huab cua kub nyob rau hauv lub chav rau lub maturation ntawm mycelium yog 25 ° C. Cov blocks raug ntsia saum cov chaw saum toj (ntawm 20 cm saum toj no hauv pem teb) los yog tshem tawm hauv cov huab cua rau qhov siab tshaj tawm cov roj tawm. 
Yog tias qhov kub ntawm qhov chaw nyob hauv cov thawv nyob rau hauv qhov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim kom zoo dua 28 ° C, ces qhov kev muaj peev xwm ntawm kev tuag ntawm mycelium nce ntawm qhov tsim ntawm cov dej num zoo tshaj plaws rau lub neej ntawm cov khoom sib tw (piv txwv, Trichoderma mold los yog neurospore).
Thaum lub sij hawm suav tias, maturation yuav tsum muab qhov chaw nyob rau hauv kaw ntim, yog li lub qhov taw qhia ntawm noo noo tsis txawv. Tsim tawm yuav nqa tawm rau 40-110 hnub, nyob ntawm seb qhov ntim ntawm cov tswvcuab Icelium, qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov substrate thiab cov khoom hauv lub cev.
Koj puas paub? Muaj ib chav kawm ntawm cov tsom iav. Cov kab mob no muaj peev xwm muab cuab ntxiab tso rau ntawm ib qho ntawm cov ntxhuav ntawm lub ntsej muag (cov hlua uas zoo li cov nplaum nplaum). Tus neeg muaj zog tuaj yeem ua txhaum kom dawb, lub suab nrov ceev nruj dua. Tus txheej txheem ntawm kev nqus ntawm cov kab mob tsis huv yuav siv sij hawm li 24 teev.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm colonization ua rau kev hloov nyob rau hauv cov xim ntawm lub substrate (nws ua dawb). Qhov no yog theem ntawm cov dawb substrate, uas yog nrog los ntawm kev nqus ntawm cov as-ham. Tom qab ntawd, dawb bloatings yog tsim ntawm lub block. 
Tus txheej txheem ntawm txoj cai ntawm kev sib koom tes Tom ntej no, lub block pib kom tau ib lub xim daj, uas qhia tias qhov kev sib koom ntawm txoj kev txhim kho. Feem ntau, nyob rau ntawm 40-60 hnub lub tag nrho block yog xim av. Qhov no yog lub sij hawm ntawm "xim av" thaiv - lub cev npaj txhij rau fruiting. Qhov xim no yog tsim los ntawm kev ua hauj lwm ntawm ib qho tshwj xeeb enzyme - polyphenol oxidase, uas yog qhib lub tshuab muaj zog thiab muaj cov pa oxygen.
Tsis tas li nyob rau saum npoo ntawm substrate yog tsim ib hom ntawm kev tiv thaiv txheej ntawm mycelium, uas tiv thaiv microorganisms los ntawm nkag mus rau lub substrate thiab nws ziab. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm tsim kom loj hlob, nws yog tau kom taws formations ntawm 7-9 xuab moos (lub teeb - 50-120 lux), kom ceev qhov zoo li ntawm primordia. 
Tawm thiab sau
Fruiting faib ua ob peb theem, txhua tus uas yuav tsum tau muaj cov kev cai ntawm microclimate:
- Theem 1 - induction ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsim.Thaum lub sijhawm no, nws yuav tsum ua kom muaj cua kub nyob rau theem 15-19 ° C, ua kom lub qhov cua ntxiv, thiab kom muaj teeb meem dawb rau 8-11 teev hauv ib hnub.
- Theem 2 - txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsim. Thaum cov xeeb ntxwv pib muaj txheej txheem kawm, lawv ua tau yooj yim raug rau cov teeb meem ntawm microclimate. Nws yog tsim nyog kom muaj qhov kub thiab txias li ntawm 21 ° C - rau cov cua sov-los yog 16 ° C - rau txias-hlub (yuav tsum tau xyuas nrog tus neeg muag khoom ntawm mycelium). Qhov zoo tshaj plaws humidity thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsim yog txog 85%.
- Theem 3 - fruiting. Thaum lub sij hawm no, lub active creation ntawm loj loj tib shiitake txiv hmab txiv ntoo formations yuav siv qhov chaw. Lub fungus tau tsim cuticle, yog li cov av noo yuav raug txo mus rau 70%. Tom qab kuaj qhov pom kev ua tiav ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrog cov tsis tau ntawm nceb nceb, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau ua thawj zaug. Ua li no, nws tseem ceeb heev kom txo cov av noo ntawm huab cua, vim cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo sau nyob rau hauv xws li tej yam kev mob yuav zoo tshaj plaws zoo thauj thiab khaws cia.
- Theem 4 - sij hawm hloov. Thaum lub sij hawm no, lub mycelium rov muab cov as-ham los ntawm cov substrate. Yuav kom ua kom sai li sai tau qhov no nws yog qhov tseem ceeb kom tsa qhov ntsuas kub kom 19-27 ° C. Nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj qis dua ntawm cov cua - 50%, thiab nqa tawm ib txoj hauv kev kom tshem tawm cov khoom seem ntawm qhov qub zag. Ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv kom ntseeg tau tias ib tug zoo sau ntawm shiitake nceb yog zoo ua ntawm blocks tawm tsam tej yam pests thiab kab mob. Muaj li 2-4 vuag ntawm ripening txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm ib pob txhua txhua ob rau peb lub lis piam tom qab sau tas.
Ntev heev txoj kev
Kev loj hlob ntawm cov shiitake ua kom muaj kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov tswv cuab muaj kev ruaj ntseg, muab cov tib neeg nrog cov khoom nce siab rau 65% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom.
Hom no yog hom mob nyob hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab kev nyab xeeb, thiab lub nceb "vaj" muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw tiv thaiv ntawm cov hnub ci thiab cua.
Thaum tsim ib lub nceb "vaj" shiitake nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm tsev neeg siv bran tsob ntoo txiav txim siab ntoo. Cov ntoo yuav tsum noj qab nyob zoo, huv si, muaj ib qho tawv nqaij thiab ib qho tseem ceeb. Humidity bran tseem ceeb heev. Nws yuav tsum nyob rau theem 35-70%.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog xaiv los ntawm kev siv lub cev ntawm 10-20 cm thiab txiav lawv rau hauv bran 100-150 cm Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cais cov "natural substrates" los ntawm kev sib chwv nrog hauv av los yog lwm qhov chaw. 
Cov kev qhia rau cov nceb nceb noj hauv ib txoj hauv kev hauv tsev muaj cov nram qab no:
- Nws yog tsim nyog los tso qhov kev txiav rau qhov npaj nto (lub rooj los yog trestle) rau kev txiav thiab qhov drilling. Lub qhov yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj ib lub cheeb loj loj (2-3 cm yog txaus). Nws kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tswj qhov tob ntawm qhov ntawm qhov ntawm 8-12 cm.
- Tom qab ntawm qhov tsim tau, nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm luv tshaj, cov formations yuav tsum tau sau nrog sawdust los yog grain mycelium, clogged nrog ntoo yam, thiab qhov yuav tsum tau sib khom nrog wax los yog paraffin.
- Nyob rau theem tom ntej, nws yog ib qhov chaw tso cai kom muab tus txhuam hniav tso rau hauv ib chav hauv qhov chaw uas nws muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj ib qho microclimate li qub rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov nceb nceb - kub ntawm 21-25 ° C thiab ib qhov av noo ntawm 75-80%. Yog tias tsis muaj kev nkag mus rau hauv thaj chaw, ces nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav nrhiav tau ib qho chaw hauv hav zoov los yog lwm qhov chaw los ntawm kev tshav ntuj ncaj qha.
- Germination ntawm mycelium tshwm sim los ntawm rau lub hlis mus rau ib thiab ib nrab xyoo. Xyuas qhov kev txiav rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo shiitake tuaj yeem los ntawm kev kuaj xyuas ntawm qhov kev sib tshuam (yuav tsum muaj thaj chaw dawb), thiab nrog rau lub cev me ntsis ntawm qhov kev txiav, nws yuav tsum tsis "zeem muag";
Tsim qhov ntawm lub cev Yuav kom ceev li tus txheej txheem ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripening yuav ua tau ob peb qho kev tsim khoom. Piv txwv, kom ua kom thawj thawj nthwv dej ntawm fruiting, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog rau ntses cuttings nrog mycelium me ntsis nyob rau hauv muaj dej txaus rau hauv dej los yog dej nws nrog kev pab los ntawm tshwj xeeb twj. Nyob rau hauv lub sov lub caij, qhov no tus txheej txheem yuav tsum tau nqa tawm rau 9-20 xuab moos, nyob rau hauv lub txias - 1.5-3 hnub. Lub sij hawm ntawm offspring yog li 1-2 lub lis piam, thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov tsis muaj tsuas yog 2-3 los yog ntau tshaj.Nws yuav nthuav kom paub tias cov nceb loj hlob nyob rau hauv central Russia, Krasnodar Krai, Bashkiria, Rostov, Kaliningrad, Volgograd, Leningrad thiab Voronezh cheeb tsam.
Cov kws txawj pom zoo kom npog cov kauj vuam ntawm cov vais ntawm fruiting (thaum lub sij hawm ntev so) nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv uas yuav tsum tau xa cov teeb thiab cua. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev txiav txim no yog los muab qhov kub thiab txias rau qhov siab (kub kub - 16-22 ° C), thiab ntxiv rau cov av qis ntawm 20-40%. Tom qab 1-3 lub hlis, lub bran yuav tsum tau soaked nyob rau hauv dej dua thiab teem caij mus rau activate fruiting kev. 
Yuav kom twv tau qhov "tawm los" tuaj yeem siv los ntawm txoj cai ntawm cov neeg paub txog mushroom growers - tag nrho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tsum txog 17-22% ntawm qhov loj ntawm ntoo. Thiab fruiting heev yuav nyob ntev li 2 mus rau 6 xyoo.
Qoob loo ntawm Shiitake Mushroom yog ib txoj kev loj hlob zoo thiab cov txheej txheem uas yuav cia siv cov khib nyiab ntoo ua kev lag luam. Mushroom kab lis kev cai no yuav tsis tsuas yog pab kom muaj ntau hom khoom noj, tab sis kuj pab kom tau cov khoom noj uas tsim nyog rau kev zoo rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tuav lub siab, lub plawv, thiab ob lub raum uas muaj tsawg tsawg lub sijhawm thiab siv zog.
