Txhua leej txhua tus paub cov kua ntoo yog qhov feem ntau cov qoob loo ntawm Lavxias teb sab thaj av. Nws yog zoo zam los ntawm ntau yam climatic thiab av tej yam kev mob.
Tsuas yog lowland thiab wetlands tsis haum rau nws, vim hais tias lub paj yuav puas los ntawm rov qab frosts.
Qhia ntau yam Antonovka Dessert
Tsi Antonovka Dessert yog lub caij ntuj no ntau yam. Nyuaj fruiting pib rau peb xyoo tom qab disembarkation. Nws yog heev txias-resistant, resistant rau scab.
Nws muaj lwm lub caij ntuj no ntau yam uas nrov nrog gardeners. Piv txwv, Antey, Aport, Renet Simirenko, Golden Delicious thiab Granny Smith.
Tsob Ntoo medium tuab nrog cov kev cai khov kho, dhau nrog lub hnub nyoog pob puab. Oblong, ovate nplooj ntawm ci ntsuab xim nrog jagged ntug thiab wrinkled saum npoo.
Loj dawb thiab liab paj nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav decorate tsis tsuas yog tsob ntoo, tab sis tag nrho cheeb tsam.
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog cov xaum, xim ntsuab-xim nplaum nrog striped-speckled blush ntawm ib tug reddish ntxoov ntxoo. Luj - txog 200 g. Lub pulp muaj ib tug Sweet thiab qaub saj, muaj kua, fragrant.
Qhov sib luag yog nruab nrab-grained. Tasting kev ntsuam xyuas - 4.2 ntsiab lus.
Apples ntawm no muaj ntau yam qab zib, nrog rau cov piam thaj; organic acids (citric, tartaric, malic, etc.); pectins; roj yam tseem ceeb; vitamins A, C, B1; tannins, micro- thiab macroelements (tooj liab, hlau, magnesium, potassium, calcium, iodine, thiab lwm yam).
Ntxiv nrog rau noj tshiab, lawv qhuav, ci, ua tiav rau hauv kua txiv, compote, cawu cub, cider, boiled jam.
Muaj cov pectin tso cai rau koj siv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau kev ua jelly, jam, mousse, jam, txhaws rau pies.
Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav, lawv yog ib qhov chaw ntawm cov ntxhuav ntsev (txog li 0.5%), yooj yim digestible sugars (txog li 10%), thiab cov noob ntawm ib lub Kua yuav muab lub cev txhua hnub kev noj tshuaj ntsuab.
Tastes thiab inimitable aroma ntawm Antonovka dessert yog tag nrho manifested thaum lub sij hawm cia - nws yog nyuaj rau nws nyob rau hauv lub tshiab coj txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Cov nram qab no ntau kuj qhia tau zoo kawg thiab saj thiab kev pab: Orlinka, Orlovsky Pioneer, Aromatny, Moscow Lub caij ntuj no thiab Youngistist.
Kev yug me nyuam yav dhau los
Breeder S.Isaev ib qib tau tsim Antonovka dessert los ntawm kev hla Saffron Pepina thiab Antonovka dog dig.
Daim ntawv raws li niaj zaus Antonovka, thiab saj sweeter, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog loj tiam sis Lub caij ntuj no hardiness yog me ntsis qis.
Cov xim ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog ntsuab-daj nrog ib tug liab striped blush, pub niam txiv los ntawm ntau yam Pepin Saffron.
Kev loj hlob thaj av ntuj
Ntxiv rau central Russia thiab Belarus, nws yog dav dav nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Volga thiab Ukraine, nyob rau sab qaum teb dub av cheeb tsam.
Rau nteg nteg tshuaj Antonov dessert haum thaj chaw xws li: Orel, Tambov, Bryansk, Smolensk, Moscow, Ryazan, Tula, Kaluga, Lipetsk, Penza, Kursk, Voronezh.
Nyob rau hauv Urals, Altai, Sab Hnub Tuaj thiab Siberia, nws tuaj yeem raug muab cog rau ntawm cov qoob loo-tiv taus cov hmoov ntoo uas muaj qis los sis shale crown puab.
Tawm
Tsim tau los ntawm ib tsob ntoo los ntawm 40 mus rau 120 kg. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo pib tua nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj, tus neeg siv khoom noj khoom haus tuaj nyob rau hauv ib lub hlis. Nrog kev pom zoo ntawm kev khaws thiab cia ntawm qoob loo yuav nyob twj ywm rau hauv zoo meej mob txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub Peb Hlis.
Lub caij ntuj no tsim tau, Oryol Polesie, Petrova Dessert, Uspensky thiab Stroyevsky qhia zoo heev tawm los thiab kev ruaj ntseg stability.
Kev cog thiab kev kho mob
Thaum cog cov ntoo txiv ntoo, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau coj mus rau hauv tus account xws li lub sij hawm thiab qhov chaw. Qhov no yog qhov lav tias koj lub tsob ntoo muaj kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav txi txiv zoo thiab yuav zoo siab nrog koj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntoo hauv qab, ib lub cuab yeej raug xaiv kom qhov deb ntawm lawv yog 5-6 m thiab los ntawm ciam teb cheeb tsam - tsis pub tsawg tshaj 3 meters. Thaum tsim kom muaj kev sib tw tsis tshua muaj nqi, cov no nce.
Cov dej hauv av yuav tsum faus tsis pub ze tshaj 3 meters mus rau saum npoo ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Qhov feem ntau haum xau rau kab lis kev cai yog loam thiab xiav loam.
Av nplaum yog diluted nrog loj dej xuab zeb, xuab zeb - av nplaum. Thiab rau cov, thiab rau lwm tus neeg ntxiv peat, compost, humus.
Thaum yuav ib lub sapling, koj yuav tsum khij lub npov uas tau ntsib mus rau sab qab teb thaum nws hlob nyob rau hauv tib qhov chaw, thiab cog nws nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw mus tas li thiab.
Ib qho kua ntoo yog cog hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav (nyob rau hauv lub xyoo caum kawg ntawm lub Plaub Hlis) thiab nyob rau hauv Autumn (nyob rau hauv lig Cuaj hlis - thaum ntxov Lub kaum hli ntuj).
Cog pits yog cim rau ntawm txoj hlua khi hlua thiab tsav tsheb hauv lawv qhov chaw. Tom qab ntawd nqa tawm cov av mus rau qhov tob 50 cm thiab 100 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb.
Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub pob saum toj kawg nkaus yog txheej rau ib sab, thiab av nplaum los yog xuab zeb litter mus rau lwm tus (nws tsis siv tom qab).
Thaum lub qhov tshij npaj txhij lawm, ib qhov chaw seem ntawm lub qhov laj kab uas loj tuaj rau hauv qhov chaw. 130 cm thiab 5-6 cm tuab nrog rau qhov kos npoo. Qhov tig no yuav yog paus caj dab ntawm sapling.
Qhov aub tsiv yog ib nrab ib tug sib tov thiab thawb ntuag.
Ib qho earthen mound yog piled nyob ib ncig ntawm lub laj kab tos kab thiab cov hauv paus hniav yog kis rau nws nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas lub pob tw nyob ntawm sab qaum teb tawm lub bar thiab tsis hlawv rau hauv lub hnub. Aligning hauv paus caj dab nrog lub cim, lub keeb kwm evenly poob pw tsaug zog.
Hauv paus caj dab - qhov chaw ntawm kev hloov ntawm ib pob tw mus rau keeb kwm, muaj cov xim tsis-hnav. Yog hais tias tus nroj tsuag tsis yog rosary, ces pib tshiab yuav confuse nws nrog ib qho chaw. txhaj tshuajuas yog pronounced thiab zoo li lub caper.
Tab sis nws yog ib txwm nyob. 10-12 cm saum toj no hauv paus ntseg tsho. Yog tias qhov tshuaj txhaj tiv thaiv kab mob, nws yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm ua ntej nkag.
Thaum lub qhov tsaws puv ntoob puv lawm (5 cm mus rau saum npoo), lub seedling yog me ntsis tightened upward thiaj li hais tias hauv paus caj dab yog me ntsis tsa saum toj ntawm lub cim.
Tom qab shrinkage ntawm cov av, nws yuav sawv ntawm qhov chaw.
Tam sim no tus aub tsoob tsaug zog tag thiab plentifully watered. (3-4 thoob dej) nyob rau hauv 2-3 receptions, mulch nrog peat los yog humus thiab khi nrog ntuj twine mus rau lub laj kab picket.
Thawj lub hlis thiab ib nrab watered ib zaug 10 Ib as thiv.
Yuav kom tsis txhob raug mob lub cev ntiv taw qhwv hauv cov tawv ntoo los yog nylon stocking.
From sunburn thiab pests shtamb bleached dawb nrog tooj liab sulphate hauv ob kauj ruam.
Shtambom lawv hu rau ib feem ntawm tsob ntoo los ntawm qis pob txha caj dab mus rau hauv paus ntseg tsho.
Lub ntsiab kev saib xyuas rau seedlings nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo tom qab cog yog raws li nram no:
- Kev tu ncua sijhawm;
- Fertilization;
- Loosening (perekopka) lub voj voog;
- Kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam kab tsuag thiab kab mob;
- Watering;
- Nroj tsuag tswj.
Rau ib tug nroj tsuag ntawm thawj xyoo tom qab cog, pruning tsis yog yuav tsum tau; tsuas yog raug puas tua raug muab tshem tawm thiab tsim lub cev pob txha ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej tsob ntoo.
Cov hauj lwm no ua ua ntej lub raum sawv.
Kev tsim tawm yog kev sib cais ntawm cov ceg ntoo ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv lub hauv paus thiab tshem tawm cov nroj tsuag tuaj hauv cov yas.
Muab tias cov av tsaws pit yog kom zoo lawm, chiv tsis siv thaum thawj ob lub xyoos. tshwj cov nitrogen - nws activates qhov kev loj hlob ntawm tua.
Nitrogen chiv ua rau kom txog thaum nruab nrab Lub Xya Hlipub kom lub tua yuav tsis muaj lub sij hawm mus rau ripen mus rau Frost thiab tuag.
Pristvolny lub voj voog yog loosely loosened tom qab dej thiab ntxiv mulch raws li xav tau.
Thoob tshem tawm cov nroj tsuag thiab moisten cov av nyob ntawm cov kab mob climatic, tshem tawm kab tsuag thiab nqa tawm tiv thaiv txau tawm tsam kab mob.
Antonovka dessert xav tau ib tug kuj me me pruning - nws tshem tawm tsuas yog ib feem ntawm cov khoom lag luam ntau heev uas tsis muaj cov zeem muag; khoov rov qab tua los yog pruned mus rau Bud, thiaj li hais tias lawv ua tag nrho-fruiting ceg.
Thaum ncav txoj cai heights (2.5-4 m)kom tsis txhob muaj qhov kev loj hlob ntawm tsob ntoo, lawv txiav tawm ntawm tus neeg xyuas lub hauv paus los ntawm cov saum toj no, hloov nws cov dej num mus rau sab ceg (2-3 ntawm qhov saum toj no).
Trimming thiab shaping yog nqa tawm tsuas yog heev ntse thiab disinfected cuab yeej.
Tag nrho cov qhov txhab ua mob rau ntawm tsob ntoo vaj teb suab los sis roj pleev xim rau linseed roj.
Chiv yog siv hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav raws li Q1 m. log lub voj voog (crown projection).
Lawv yog tusyees faus rau hauv av mus rau ib tug tob ntawm 5 cm, ze rau lub periphery ntawm lub pob tw lub voj voog, txij li thaum cov tub ntxhais hluas suction keeb kwm yog muaj.
Watering yog nqa tawm ib zaug ib lub hlis nyob rau hauv qhov tsis muaj nag nyob rau hauv lub zawj, dug ib ncig ntawm lub circumference ntawm lub crown projection.
Rau cov nroj tsuag ntawm lub xyoo thib 2 thiab 3 ntawm lub neej nws yuav txaus 3-4 thoob, thiab rau cov neeg laus cov ntoo txiv ntoo nrog lub voj voog ntawm ntau tshaj 3 m, lawv ua ib tug zawj nrog ib tug ntug on ntug thiab ncuav 40 thoob dej. Qhov no txaus rau moisten cov av rau 40-50 cm
Mulching - yuav tsum tau txais kev saib xyuas agronomic, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov tub ntxhais hluas cov nroj tsuag. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, koj muaj peev xwm sow sideratami los sis cia hauv av hauv lub voj voog hauv qab dub.
Ib txheej tuab ntawm mowed nyom los yog quav nyab-straw tiv thaiv sai evaporation ntawm noo noo thiab tsim kom muaj kev txaus nyiam tej yam kev mob rau kev ua si ntawm earthworms loosening cov av.
Saib cov yees duab seb yuav ua li cas thiaj tua tau kua ntoo thiab tsim ib daim yas.
Kab mob thiab kab tsuag
Ib tsob ntoo me tuaj yeem tsim kev puas tsuaj loj. caterpillars thiab weevilssiv muag heev nplooj. Lawv yuav tsum tau ceevfaj rau tus neeg ua haujlwm thiab tshem tawm tsis muaj kev vam meej.
Yog hais tias tus tsaws ntawm kab kaus haiv neegPiv txwv li, dill, nws yuav tshwm sim nkawm neeg caij tshebtshem tawm ntau cov kab thiab cov kab gnawing.
Thaum pom aphids (cov nplooj ntawm saum curl) tua immersed nyob rau hauv dej nrog xab npum (on thoob - 70 g).
Tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam txiv hmab txiv ntoo saplings, npauj, kua moths, haws thiab silkworms yuav tsis raug puas tsuaj.
Cov txiaj ntsig tau raug coj los ntawm kev txau nrog tshuaj tua kab thiab kev npaj ntawm kev sib kis mob:
- Insegar - tawm tsam leafworms thiab npaub;
- Zeon - zoo rau cov muv;
- Aktarom - tiv thaiv ntau hom kab tsuag;
- Karbophos (yuav siv tau ua ntej flowering, tom qab flowering, ib lub hlis ua ntej sau);
- Trichlorolum - 5 tawm tsam ntau hom kab tsuag;
- Benzophosphate (siv tau rau ntau tshaj ib lub hlis) muaj kev nyab xeeb rau muv.
Powdery mildew tag nrho cov kabmob ntawm cov nroj tsuag raug cuam tshuam. Thaum xub thawj nws zoo nkaus li ib zuag pob txho, tom qab tig xim av thiab cov tsos mob ntawm cov pob zeb dub.
Cov nplooj ntoos hloov daj, cov xim dries li, lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis khi, kev loj hlob ntawm lub tua nres.
Yuav kom tawm tsam qhov no fungal kab mob Kua sprayed on ib tug hluas nplooj "Topaz" los yog "Ntev".
Tom qab flowering thiab harvesting, processing yog nqa tawm. tooj liab oxychloride los yog bordeaux sib tov. Caij nplooj zeeg nplooj yog hlawv.
Kab mob hlawv tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub lem ntawm Lub rau hli ntuj Lub Xya hli ntuj. Kev loj hlob txhua xyoo shrinks, nplooj tig dub.
Tsob Ntoo tuag nyob rau hauv ob xyoos. Qhov no qhov feem ntau txaus ntshai kis tus kab mob kis tau nrog neeg zej zog cuttings thiab seedlings, kab nroj tsuag.
Ntawm kev tiv thaiv tsuas yog kev tiv thaiv paub:
- Disinfection ntawm vaj teb cov cuab yeej,
- Tooj tooj liab sulfate vajvoog ua
- Hlawv ntoo
- Kab Tsuag Tswj,
- Noj qab nyob zoo cov khoom.
Cytosporosis cuam tshuam lub bark ntawm lub tsob ntoo kua, ua rau nws qhuav thiab tuag.
Yuav kom tawm tsam nws, siv ib lub pob txau rau peb. "Tsev" (o ntawm buds, ua ntej flowering thiab tom qab flowering).
Nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj, pub li phosphorus thiab potassium kom zoo laus bark. Lub shtamb thiab skeletal ceg yog whitened nyob rau hauv Autumn thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
Qhov ntau thiab zoo ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob ntawm qhov kev saib xyuas kom zoo. Yuav kom loj hlob ib qho kua ntoo thiab tau qoob loo ntawm lub zog txawm pib gardeners. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog muab nws txaus lub sijhawm thiab kev hlub.
