Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb hlob txog 120 tsiaj ntawm mulberry tsob ntoo (mulberry).
Tsob ntoo no muaj ntau nyob rau hauv Nyiv, Is Nrias teb, Tuam Tshoj thiab Central Asia, thiab nws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab nplooj yaus siv tau los siv hauv tshuaj vim tias lawv muaj cov khoom kho mob.
Koj puas paub? Silkworm worms pub on dawb mulberry nplooj.
Mulberry tsob ntoo yog tsob ntoo-resistant thiab txias-resistant tsob ntoo, uas ua rau nws ib tug heev profitable nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua cheeb tsam. Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav qhia rau koj lub secrets ntawm kev tu rau mulberry, qhia koj mus propagate mulberry tsob ntoo thiab qhia rau koj yuav ua li cas nrog nws cov kab mob thiab cov kab tsuag.Tag nrho cov nuances ntawm kom cog mulberry
Mulberry hlob tshaj 10 meters ntawm qhov siab. Ib tsob ntoo muaj peev xwm muaj txiv neej los sis poj niam cov paj, tab sis kuj muaj cov ntoo zoo li no tib yam nkaus. Rau cultivation ntawm mulberry muaj ob txoj kev ntawm luam: seedlings thiab noob.
Noob yog cog nyob rau thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg los yog caij nplooj ntoos hlav, tab sis nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si lawv tau pretreated nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb daws uas tsim los rau noob.
Yog tias koj txiav txim siab cog ntoo mulberry thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj kom ua tau li ntawd ua ntej thaum xaus ntawm lub Kaum Hlis. Rau cov cog hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, koj yuav tsum xub muab cov noob no tso rau hauv dej txias (rau ib hnub), thiab tom qab ntawd tso rau hauv dej sov rau lwm 24 teev.
Lub chaw rau cog yuav tsum yog tshav ntuj thiab tom qab koj pom xws li ib lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv koj ib ncig nws yuav tau mus rau qhov kev npaj ntawm noob furrows. Grooves yog zoo watered nrog dej tov nrog chiv rau txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab Berry cov qoob loo.
Txij li thaum lub noob yog me me, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los mus sow lawv tsawg feem ntau, deepening mus rau hauv av los ntawm 3-5 cm. Tom qab sowing, ncuav lub grooves abundantly thiab siv mulching, uas yuav tiv thaiv tau cov av los ntawm ziab tawm. Yog hais tias cog yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, ces koj yuav tsum ntxiv insulate lub txaj.
Rau txoj kev loj hlob zoo, mulberry seedlings yog pub nrog chiv.
Los ntawm Autumn, nrog tu, lub seedlings yuav muaj zog thiab loj. Tom qab ntawd lawv tau zaum kom lawv muaj ntau chav rau txoj kev loj hlob. Qhov deb nruab nrab ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog 3-5 m.
Mulberry pib dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo 3-5 xyoos tom qab cog, uas feem ntau nyob ntawm ntau cov nroj tsuag thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev saib xyuas. Mulberry paus system yog heev haib thiab tuaj yeem tiv tau lub caij ntuj no los yog lub caij sov sov.
Koj muaj peev xwm kuj cog ib mulberry ntoo nrog kev pab los ntawm seedlings. Yuav tsum tau seedlings yog cog nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav on ib hnub ci ploj. Ib qho pit yog dug ntawm no qhov chaw, tom qab uas yog compost yog ntxiv rau nws.
Cov av nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw xaiv yog plentifully watered nrog dej diluted nrog fertilizer rau rooting seedlings. Ces txhua yam yog them nrog lub ntiaj teb. Tom qab tom ntej no watering, cov av ib ncig ntawm lub seedling yog mulched.
Nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau mulberry kom loj hlob zoo-groomed thiab tsis loj heev, nws crown yuav tsum tau txiav thiab puab.
Koj puas paub? Dub mulberry txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj 12% ntawm suab thaj, organic acids, pectic tshuaj thiab ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm poov tshuaj.Ib qho ntawm feem ntau nrov hom mulberry yog "dai", uas loj hlob mus txog 2.5 m. Nroj tsuag ntau yam zoo dua nyob rau hauv Autumn thaum xaus ntawm lub kaum hli ntuj. Nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo yuav tsum tau pub ua chiv ua ib hlis ib zaug.
Nyob rau hauv qhuav huab cua, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los dej rau cov nroj tsuag ntau npaum li ntau tau, periodically tshem weeds. Qhov no ntau yam ntawm mulberry tsis yuav tsum tau tsim ib lub crown, uas zoo heev facilitates kev saib xyuas ntawm tsob ntoo, tab sis qhuav ceg tseem yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm.
Nta ntsoov kev kho mob rau mulberry
Mulberry yog unpretentious tu, tab sis, thaum lub sij hawm intensive kev loj hlob, nws xav tau ntau tshaj watering. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam kev kho mob yog mulberry fertilizer, uas yog diluted nrog diluted dej los ntawm fermented slurry.
Koj puas paub? Mulberry nyob txog 200 xyoo, tsis tshua muaj txog li ntawm 300-500.Nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj, to top hnav khaub ncaws tsis xav tau, thiab watering yog nqa tawm thaum lub sij hawm droughts loj. Nitrophoska yog txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws los mus pub mulberry nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
Lub ntiaj teb uas nyob ib ncig ntawm lub mulberry tsob ntoo, koj yuav tsum tau tsis tu ncua loosen thiab ntxuav cov qoob loo. Mulberry nyhav kom loj hlob mus rau 35 meters ntawm qhov siab. Nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau ib tsob ntoo siab tsis qaub koj lub vaj teb, nws yuav tsum tau pruned.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Sab saum toj dressing nrog nitrophoska yuav tsum tau nqa tawm thaum lub sij hawm Bud so. Yog hais tias muaj qaug zog buds on tua, nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau rov pub lawv nrog slurry daws.
Nws kuj tshwm sim tau tias mulberry tsuas tsis dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab ntau gardeners tsis paub dab tsi ua nrog nws. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom to taub tias fruiting nyob ntawm tsis tsuas yog nyob rau mulberry ntoo ntau yam, tab sis kuj nyob rau nws "poj niam txiv neej".Raws li hais dhau los, mulberry yuav ua ke nyob rau hauv ib ob cov khoom, tab sis yog tias koj mulberry tsob ntoo tsis dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo, ces nws yog txiv neej.
Raws li lub caij ntuj no, koj yuav tsum xav txog yuav ua li cas kom npog lub mulberry rau lub caij ntuj no thiab tiv thaiv tsob ntoo los ntawm khov. Qhov no yuav ua tau nrog kev pab los ntawm spunbond los yog nrog spruce ko taw. Qhov zoo ntawm qhov kev xaiv thib ib yog kev phooj ywg zoo, ua kom muaj thiab tsis muaj nqi.
Koj puas paub? Mulberry txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog siv ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv tshiab thiab nyob kas poom daim ntawv.Cov ceg ntub nrog cov noog nplooj tuaj yeem siv tau ua chaw nkaum. Yog hais tias tus mulberry tsis khov, tsob ntoo yuav ceev nrooj zoo nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Feem ntau, thaum lub sij hawm thaum thawj zaug txiv hmab txiv ntoo pib ripen los yog tsob ntoo yog twb active kab txi txiv hmab txiv ntoo, ntog on thib tsib xyoo tom qab cog lub mulberry. Qhov no yog ib tug heev lub sij hawm ntev, tab sis nws muaj peev xwm yuav txo los ntawm grafting.
Pruning thiab sib sau mulberry crown
High kom zoo nkauj ntawm mulberry tau tiav los ntawm txiav ntoo, uas yog tiag tiag muaj kev nyab xeeb rau mulberry. Txoj kev ua no yog pib ntawm txij thaum pib mus rau nruab nrab ntawm lub caij ntuj no, thaum lub sij hawm tag nrho tag nrho ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Qub ntoo yog pruned tsuas yog thaum tsim nyog, txij li SAP khiav tau tshwm sim nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm no. Yog hais tias cov kabmob tsis tuaj yeem zam dhau, cauterize lub txhab nrog ib tug liab-kub liab poker. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov, lawv tshem tawm cov kab mob thiab puas ceg.
Tsim ib tsob ntoo, ib lub qes nyob sab laug ntawm 1.0 m. Nws yog mus rau qhov siab no tias tag nrho lateral tua raug txiav, thiab lub crown yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm ib lub tais los yog broom mus rau 4 m nyob rau hauv qhov siab.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Tshiab nyob rau hauv teb rau tsim ib lub crown ntawm mulberry ntoo yog zoo dua mus caw ib tug kws tshwj xeeb.
Yog li hais tias tsob ntoo tsis loj hlob nyob rau hauv qhov siab, kom luv ntawm lub hauv paus tua txhua txhua ob xyoo los ntawm 1/3 ntawm qhov ntev (muab hais tias lub crown yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm ib lub tais).
Thaum sib sau ua "khaub rhuab", lawv ua cov nram qab no: tsis xaiv lub hauv paus tua, lawv tso rau tib qhov siab, thaum tawm hauv 3 lub zog tua.
Mulberry tuaj yeem tsim hauv daim ntawv "quaj". Ua li no, txiav cov ceg nyob rau hauv qis thiab rau ib sab buds. Qhov no tsis ua mob qhov zoo nkauj thaj chaw, tab sis sau yuav qis.
Tam sim no, thaum peb xav paub tias yuav ua li cas rau decorate koj mulberry tsob ntoo, cov lus nug tshwm sim - "Kuv puas xav kom txiav cov mulberry txhua?" Peb cov lus teb yog xav tau.
Pruning rejuvenates lub nroj tsuag, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum sib tsoo berries thiab txo tawm los. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, tus ceg yog shortened mus rau tib lub ntev, thinning lub crown.
Txiav tus ceg ntoo. Cov pliaj pliaj uas tsis tau muab tso rau hauv lub cev muaj peev xwm ua rau hauv thawj xyoo thiab tshem tawm hauv qhov thib ob.
Koj puas paub? Los ntawm mulberry ntoo nyob rau hauv Central Asia ua suab paj nruas.Mulberry txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripen nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-lub caij ntuj sov.
Tag nrho cov kev ntawm yug me nyuam mulberry nyob rau tom tsev
Multiply mulberry yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv ob peb txoj kev: noob, ntsuab cuttings, semi-woody cuttings, woody cuttings thiab sab saum toj graft.
Noob
Hom no yog qhov yooj yim. Koj yuav tsum tau noj tag nrho-zus, ripe berries ntawm ib tug ntau yam nyiam, muab lawv nyob rau hauv ib lub tais thiab nqa lub ntim rau ib qhov chaw tshav ntuj ua ntej fermentation. Ces lub mulberry noob zoo ntxuav thiab drained nrog khoob zoo li.
Noob cov khoom kis los ntawm ib rab koob nplaum rau hauv ib lub tais ntawm dej huv kom dawb los ntawm lub plawv hniav. Tom qab ntawd lub noob yuav qhuav thiab folded nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv lub hnab rau cia nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw qhuav kom txog thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
1.5 lub hlis ua ntej cog lub caij, ntub cov noob yuav tsum tau muab tso rau saum toj txee ntawm lub tub yees. Qhov no yog nqa tawm rau stratification.
Mulberry noob yog sown hauv cov av qoob loo hauv lub Plaub Hlis los sis Lub Tsib Hlis mus rau ib qhov tob ntawm 1 cm Qhov chaw yog xaiv qaim thiab tshav ntuj. Tshiab plantings yuav tsum tau nquag dej.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Tsis txhob hliv cov noob. Watering yuav tsum tsis tu ncua, tab sis tsis dhau lawm.Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, tua pom zoo pritenyat. Thick plantings pinch rau ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm thib tsib nplooj ntoos, tsis tuab - tawm kom txog rau thaum lub hnub nyoog ntawm ob nyob rau tib qhov chaw.
Ntsuab cuttings
Hom kev yug me nyuam no zoo siv thaum caij ntuj sov. Nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj, cuttings yog txiav los ntawm nruab nrab ib feem ntawm qhov noj qab haus huv tua ntawm tam sim no xyoo. Lawv yuav tsum yog 2-3 buds. Cov nplooj ntawv sab nrauv txo tawm.
Lub cuttings yog cog rau ib tug tob ntawm 3 cm nyob rau hauv lub tsev xog paj, nyob rau hauv ib lub teeb zaj duab xis. High humidity yog tsim nyob rau hauv nws, uas yuav pab tau lub cuttings kom paus paus sai sai thiab zoo.
Lawv yuav tsum tau ywg dej txhua hnub thiab feem ntau nkag mus, thiab thawj zaug hnav khaub ncaws yog nqa tawm ib lub hlis tom qab cog, siv cov pob zeb hauv av chiv. Rau rooting lub soj caum yuav siv sij hawm ib lub hlis.
Semi-lignified cuttings
Luam yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj cuttings nrog xim av ntoo. Kev npaj ua ntej cog thiab tom qab kev saib xyuas yog tib yam li nyob rau hauv luam nrog ntsuab cuttings. Rooting cuttings yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv 1.5 lub hlis.
Lignified cuttings
Rau no hom ntawm yug me nyuam, siv lignified tua ntawm ib tug noj qab haus huv, tsim cov nroj tsuag. Coj lawv tawm sab nraum lub teeb ci ntsa iab.
Kev muag khoom ntawm cuttings yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm nplooj ntoos caij nplooj ntoos zeeg. Cov nplooj ntawm cuttings raug muab tshem tawm thiab ces kho nrog ib tug paus tsim stimulator.
Tom qab ntawd, lub cuttings yog cog rau hauv av thiaj li hais tias lawv cov saum toj no-av ib feem yog 5 cm Ntawm no qhov chaw lawv loj hlob mus rau lub hnub nyoog ntawm ob. Muaj zog seedlings yog cog nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw mus tas li.
Sab saum toj grafting
Yog hais tias txhua yam twb yooj yim nyob rau hauv dhau los yug me nyuam, ces tsuas yog paub txog gardeners paub yuav ua li cas cog mulberry.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Lub grafted grafts sai sai paus.Qhov yooj yim tshaj yog kev sib txuas. Koj yuav tsum tau ua oblique txiav rau ntawm grafts ntawm tib tuab (6 cm ib lub cheeb, 1 cm) rau kom meej koom ntawm lub cambial txheej. Cov khub raug ua ke thiab them nrog ib tug tuab bandage los ntawm polyethylene.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Zam kev ua txhaum, vim qhov no yuav ua rau kev txhawj xeeb dua.
Txoj kev los tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kab tsuag
Zoo li lwm yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo, mulberry feem ntau suffers los ntawm ntau cov kab mob thiab cov kab tsuag. Cov huab cua phem, kev kho tsis zoo, tsis muaj los yog ntau fertilizer ua rau loj kab mob ntawm mulberry tsob ntoo. Cov no yog cov kab mob kis tau yooj yim, cov kab mob hu ua fungal thiab kab mob.
Feem ntau cov feem ntau, mulberry suffers los ntawm powdery mildew, xim av nplooj ntoos chaw, bacteriosis thiab curly me-leaved nplooj.
Mealy dew tshwm sim los ntawm fungus thiab kis mulberry. Lub ntsiab thiab lub ntsiab tsos mob - mealy dawb Bloom. Lub fungus captures cov nplooj thiab tua. Cov tsos ntawm powdery mildew yog tshwm sim los ntawm waterlogging los yog thickening ntawm tsob ntoo cog.
Nyob rau ntawm thawj cov cim qhia ntawm powdery mildew, mulberry sprayed nrog systemic fungicide. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg tiv thaiv yog sau thiab hlawv ntawm nplooj.
Tsilindrosporioz (xim av xim)kuj yog tshwm sim los ntawm fungus. Cov pob liab liab tshwm ntawm nplooj, thiab nrog rau qhov muaj zog loj, qhov me me daim ntawv ntawm qhov chaw. Cov nplooj lawv tus kheej maj mam tig daj.
Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tawm tsam yog yooj yim heev. Tus sau thiab hlawv ntawm nplooj poob. Rau kev tiv thaiv koj ua tau txheej txheem cov nroj tsuag nrog Silide kua. Txau yog nqa tawm ua ntej lub buds swell.
Bacteriosis cuam tshuam cov tub ntxhais hluas mulberry tua. Cov pob zeb ntawm cov duab tsis sib xws tshwm rau lawv, uas nws thiaj li tig dub. Puas tsuaj nplooj curl thiab maj poob tawm. On qhov tua tshwm xim av me ntsis ntawm elongated duab. Lawv ua kom deformation ntawm kev tua.
Tawm tsam tus kab mob no tuaj yeem siv Fitoflavin los yog Hamair.
Curly txo mulberry tawm los. Qhov no yog ib qho kab mob uas kis kab mob uas kis kab mob. Cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov nplooj ntoos. Cov nplooj yog folded, thiab kev loj hlob ntawm tua hloov: lawv tooj nce, tab sis lawv ua heev zog. Nplooj poob lawv cov xim thiab so. Kev kho, hmoov tsis, tsis muaj nyob.
Mulberry sau tej zaum yuav raug txo vim kab tsuag. Cov nquag tsis tuaj yeem ua qhua yog cov American npauj npaim dawb, kab laug sab mite, thiab Comstock worm.
Dawb american npauj npaim lays qe on mulberry nplooj. Lub zes ua los ntawm cobwebs, hauv nws - lub larvae. Sij hawm dhau los, tus kab nyuam ntses noj cov nplooj, uas yog txaus los pom. 
Kom daws qhov teeb meem no yog ib qho yooj yim: koj yuav tsum nrhiav nrawm nrog larvae thiab hlawv lawv. Caterpillars tua chemicals (piv txwv li, chlorophos).
Spider mite yuav txiav txim tau los ntawm lub hauweb rau saum daim ntawv. Lub mite txau ntawm cov as-ham ntawm cov nplooj, los ntawm cov nplooj, uas maj mam poob.
Thaum lub sij hawm zuj zus rau lub caij no nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los ua puas tag nrho cov nroj tsuag ib ncig ntawm lub lim, loosen cov av. Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum muab tshuaj tsuag thiophos daws.
Comstock Cape settles nyob rau ceg thiab nplooj ntawm mulberry, nqus cov kua txiv hmab txiv los ntawm mulberry tsob ntoo. Qhov no ua rau txo tus kab mob hauv nroj tsuag. Koj tuaj yeem ua kom nroj tsis zoo nrog kev pab los ntawm cov tshuaj los ntawm kev txau.
Peb vam tias tom qab koj nyeem daim ntawv no koj muaj cov lus nug tsawg dua thiab koj tuaj yeem cog qoob loo hauv koj lub vaj. Nrog tu nws, nws yuav zoo siab nrog koj ib qho khoom plig zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj zoo nkauj.
