Zoo li txhua lub vaj ntoo, plum nws muaj nws lub sij hawm thiab cov cai rau cog.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau coj lawv mus rau hauv tus account, vim hais tias qhov slightest yuam kev yuav ua rau koj ob ntawm tsob ntoo nws tus kheej thiab qhov ntev-tos hnub.
Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no peb piav tag nrho cov nta thiab cov tswv yim ntawm plum cog, qhia rau koj seb yuav xaiv qhov chaw zoo li cas rau nws thiab tu nws rau tag nrho txhua lub sijhawm kev loj hlob.
Npaj rau tsaws: dab tsi xav?
Vaj teb ntoo yog tsuas yog muab los ntawm yug me nyuam txoj kev, raws li ib qho tshwm sim ntawm kev sib tw sib txawv ntau yam. On no tsis yog tsuas yog saj ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tab sis kuj uas cheeb tsam yog zoo tshaj plaws haum rau tsob ntoo, dab tsi yog nws loj, tsis kam mus rau Frost thiab ntau yam pests.
Yog li ntawd, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev npaj yog kawm ntawm txhua hom ntawm plums, qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov neeg uas koj nyiam tshaj plaws thiab haum rau koj cheeb tsam huab cua.
Xaiv qhov chaw zoo rau plums
Qhov thib ob theem ntawm kev npaj rau plum cog yog xaiv ntawm ib qho chaw rau nws txoj kev loj hlob. Hauv particular, yuav tsum xav txog qhov teeb ntawm lub teebSeb lwm tsob ntoo lossis vaj tse yuav tsis ua rau tsob ntoo.
Txawm tias thaum tso ib lub vaj, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev siv nyiaj ntawm cov ntoo thiab paub txog qhov loj npaum li cas nws tuaj yeem loj tuaj. Yog hais tias tus plum ntog mus rau hauv ntxoov ntxoo, nws yuav loj hlob zuj zus, nws cov nplooj yuav tig daj. Kuj, shading heev ua rau tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj.
Tsis tas li ntawd plums tsis nyiam cua, vim hais tias lawv tsuas yog tshuab tau lawv cov paj thiab ua rau koj poob qoob. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev nplig siab ntawm qhov chaw uas koj yuav cog qoob loo yuav tsum ua kom dav thiab ua kom maj mam nqes.
Vim qhov no, cov huab cua zoo yuav muab rau ntoo - cua txias tsis tsim nyog rau nws, thiab nws yuav tsis zwj hauv ib qho chaw. Qhov chaw ntawd, qhov twg muaj ntau qhov pits thiab yars, yuav tsis ua haujlwm.
Peb xaiv cov av
Qhov zoo tshaj av rau plums loess loam thiab xiav loam yog. Nws yog qhov zoo heev yog tias nyob hauv cov hom av muaj cov thaw los sis cov ntim hauv cov av uas muaj cov ntxhuav ntawm cov ntxhuav hauv lawv.
Plum muaj ib tug loj loj paus system, uas nyob rau hauv tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tsis txhob muab ntxuav tawm by av, tab sis lub plum yog ib tug heev noo noo-hlub ntoo.
Yog li, qhov zoo ntawm theem hauv av yog 1.5 -2 meters. Yog hais tias lawv yog siab dua - qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yog tshwj xeeb kua grooves uas khawb nyob ze ntawm lub vaj. Lawv yuav ntws tag nrho cov dej uas tsis tsim nyog.
Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob xav txog cog plums ntawm peat-marshy xau, thiab ntxiv qhov twg cov xuab zeb los yog av nplaum-thiab-xiav moraine pw ntawm qhov tob ntawm tsawg tshaj ib teev
Nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum paub hais tias tom qab unrooting plum vaj teb stands tos tsawg kawg 4-5 xyoos ua ntej yuav muab ib qho tshiab rau tib qho chaw. Tom qab tag nrho, cov ntoo dhau los twb tau rub tag nrho cov khoom tsim nyog tshaj tawm ntawm cov av, yog li ntawd nws yuav nyuaj rau ib tug hluas ntoo kom noj paus nyob rau tib qhov chaw.
Cov kev cai rau kev npaj cov av rau cog seedlings
Ua ntej cog ib lub vaj teb plum, cov av zoo heev tau khawb tawm kom nws xau nrog cua txaus.
Nws yog pom zoo kom siv ntau yam organic thiab pob zeb hauv av chiv kom tsawg fertility xau, uas yuav ua rau kom nws fertility. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog tias npaj yuav tsum tau nqa tawm ua ntej, nyob rau hauv 2-3 xyoos tom qab tso ntawm plum orchard.
Mus txog rau qhov no, cov ntoo loj loj yuav tsum tsis txhob loj hlob ntawm lub vev xaib, tom qab uas nws yuav muaj me ntsis cov khoom noj rau sab nraud.
Cog cog noob nroj
Feem ntau cov plums yog nruab nrab rau cov ntoo siab uas nyob ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub vaj. Yog li ntawd, nqa mus rau hauv koj tus account koj yuav tsum tsis tsuas yog qhov chaw cog tsob ntoo, tab sis kuj deb npaum li cas tawm mus los ntawm lwm cov vaj tsiaj.
Layout ntawm plum vaj
Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov plums yuav tsum xws li hais tias lawv tsis nco qab txhua lwm thiab suab tsis cuag nrog ceg ntoo ib lwm. Qhov no yuav tsis tsuas pub lawv tau ntau lub hnub ci, tab sis yuav tsis yooj yim dua lub zog hauv lub vaj thiab sau.
Yog li, yog hais tias tus plums yog sredneroslye, ces qhov deb nruab nrab ntawm cov ntoo ntawm ib kab yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 2 meters. Yog hais tias cov ntoo yog vigorous, ces nws yuav tsum tau nce mus rau 3 meters. Kab kev sib nraus nruab nrab ntawm qhov nruab deg yuav tsum yog yam tsawg 4 meters, thiab rau vigorous, qhov no nrug nce mus rau 4.5 meters.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kom nco qab thaum tso vaj yog tias muaj coob tus ntoo hauv koj cheeb tsam koj yuav tsis ua tiav cov qoob loo ntau, txawm tias koj tsis tu ncua cov av. Tom qab tag nrho, ntoo yuav tsum tsis tsuas yog muab kev pab cuam thiab tshav ntuj, tab sis kuj qhov chaw rau lawv cov cag system.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm plum cog
Feem ntau feem ntau Plum yog cog nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Nyob rau hauv ntau sab qaum teb thaj tsam, Autumn yuav ua. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo zeeg muaj kev pheej hmoo loj heev uas cov tsob ntoo hluas yuav tsis muaj sij hawm kom tau txais txiaj ntsig rau cov av tshiab thiab vim li no nws yuav tsuas khov thaum lub caij ntuj no.
Caij nplooj ntoos hlav cog yog nqa tawm rau hnub thib 5 tom qab cov av rau plum cog yog tag nrho thawed los ntawm Frost. Lub sijhawm kawg rau kev tsaws tsis ntev heev, tsuas yog 10-15 hnub.
Yog tias koj cog tsob ntoo tom qab, nws yuav mob heev los yog puas tsuaj los ntawm kev kub ntxhov thiab oversaturation ntawm ya raws. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog hais tias lub sapling transplanted ntawm ib hnub tom qab, nws yuav muaj sij hawm rau Bloom nyob rau tib qhov chaw ntawm kev loj hlob thiab yuav tsis siv paus nyob rau hauv xws li ib lub xeev nyob rau ib tug tshiab.
Npaj ib aub tsawb rau cog
Pit yog dug prematurely 2-3 lub lis piam ua ntej yuav tsaws. Qhov no yog ua li cas thiaj li ua ntej kom thauj khoom ib qho dej ntawm cov chiv thiab cov av av hauv nws qab thiab cia nws mus khom ua ntej lub sij hawm ntawm cog noob ntawm lub yub.
Vim tib lub qhov dej, lub qhov tsoo yuav tsum tob txaus, txog 60 centimeters. Nws kab yuav tsum yog tib yam.
Thaum koj khawb ib lub qhov, nws pom zoo kom sai li sai tau khawb ib ceg txheem ntseeg mus rau nws, uas koj yuav tom qab khi ib seedling. Nws yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub hlwb hais tias qhov deb nruab nrab ntawm nws thiab tsob ntoo yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 15 cm. Lub suav yuav tsum nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub yub.
Yuav tsum tau ua raws li txoj cai ncaj nraim
Thaum pib cog ib tug seedling, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau koj xav txog cov cai nram no:
- Lub hauv paus caj dab ntawm tsob ntoo yuav tsum yog nyob twj ywm saum cov av saum npoo los ntawm kwv yees li 2-5 centimeters. Tom qab, nrog cov subsidence ntawm cov av, nws yuav tog me ntsis ntxiv rau nws tus kheej. Txawm li ntawd los, nws tsis yog yuav tsum tau overdo nws nrog raising lub seedling saum toj ntawm saum npoo ntawm cov av, raws li muaj ib qho kev pheej hmoo ntawm leaching thiab ziab ntawm lub keeb kwm.
- Bury lub seedling tsuas yog nrog av, yam uas tsis tau admixture ntawm ntau cov chiv. Thaum sau lub yub, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog rau ram hauv av ib ncig nws zoo heev thiaj li hais tias tsis muaj cua nyob ze ntawm lub keeb kwm (nws muaj peev xwm ua rau ziab ntawm nees system).
- Los ntawm cov av, uas tau khawb tawm ntawm lub hauv qab kawg ntawm lub qhov taub, ib lub mound me me yog ua nyob ib ncig ntawm tsob ntoo, uas yuav ua rau cov dej haus zoo ntawm lub yub.
Tawm tom qab tsaws
Yog li ntawd tam sim ntawd tom qab koj cog saplingnws nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog rau dej. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm hais tias cov av yog ntub tom qab daus yaj, kev ywg dej yuav tsum yog qhov yuav tsum tau siv, tsuas yog siv dej tsawg xwb.
Qhov dej yuav tsum tau npaum li cas ntawm ib tsob ntoo yuav tsum tsawg kawg 3 lub thoob. Txij li thaum lub plum hlub noo noo, tom qab 2 lub lim piam dej yuav rov qab. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm lub pob tw yuav tsum tau mulched peat los yog humus, uas yuav ua rau ib tug ntev noo noo retention.
Nws tseem yog nthuav mus nyeem txog kev saib xyuas thiab cog ntawm tus kheej-fruited ntau yam ntawm plums.
Cov cai loj ntawm plum zov
Plum ntoo thiab vaj teb raws li ib tug tag nrho tsis xav tau ntau xim thiab tu thaum muab piv rau lwm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntoo. Tab sis txawm li cas los, yuav kom tau cov qoob loo thiab ntau cov qoob loo, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas tsis yog tuaj yeem siv cov ntoo xwb, tab sis kuj tsim kom muaj lub tswv yim zoo rau kev tiv thaiv cov ntoo los ntawm ntau yam kab tsuag.
Yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob swb ntawm plum kab mob thiab cov pests nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm?
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, koj yuav tsum paub txog cov kab mob uas muaj ntau yam uas koj cog rau ntawm koj lub ntsiab lus yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws uas tiv taus thiab cov kab tsuag tuaj yeem tsim kev puas tsuaj rau nws. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev ntawm dew tsob ntoo stands kev soj ntsuam periodic vaj kuaj, xav txog qhov uas cov kab tsim tawm ntawm koj cov ntoo.
Lub simplest thiab heev txhim khu kev qha ntawm kev tawm tsam nrog pests thiab fungal kab mob yog pruning thiab hlawv puas ceg. Hlawv kuj yuav tsum tau tag nrho poob los ntawm plum nplooj thiab puas txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, ua ntej pib qhov sov siab (li 10 degrees Celsius), kab tsuag uas tabtom nyob hauv lub plum yuav tsum tau nthe thiab raug puas tsuaj.
Qhov tseeb, txoj kev tiv thaiv ntau yam kab mob thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov ntoo yog cov kev kho mob nrog kev pab los ntawm cov tshuaj.
Yog hais tias koj tsob ntoo raug ntaus los ntawm scythe los yog ib tus neeg zov cuav, ua ntej tsob ntoo lub pob txhauv loj thiab ua ntej huab cua kub nce mus txog + 5 ° C, tsob ntoo yuav tsum tau kho nrog nitrophene, nrog cov concentration ntawm 3%. Yog li, koj muaj peev xwm tseem tua ticks thiab aphids, uas tseem nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev pw tsaug zog lub caij ntuj no.
Lub caij nplooj ntoos hlavthaum lub plum yog tag nrho, nws txheej txheem bordeaux acid 1% concentration. Bordeaux acid yuav hloov nrog 4% polycarbocin concentration. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm yav tas, spraying yuav tsum tau rov qab txawm tom qab plum flowering.
Yuav kom ntaus lub caterpillars tias mob plum nplooj, tom qab flowering lub sij hawm, tsob ntoo kho nrog xws li siv yeeb siv tshuaj raws li dendrobatsilin, entobakterin (1% concentration). Nws yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub hlwb hais tias kev ua ntawm plums nrog cov kev npaj yuav tsum tau nqa tawm ntawm ib tug kub tsis qis tshaj li 15ºС.
Tawm tsam aphids yog tawm tsam nrog ib tug yeeb tshuaj zoo li karbophos. Nws concentration thaum lub sij hawm ua yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj 0.2%.
Yuav kom tawm tsam lub plab moth Ua ntej, koj yuav tsum dai pheromone ntxiab saum tsob ntoo. Yog tias koj pom tias npauj npauj npaim tau poob rau hauv nws, ces koj yuav tsum khwb cov pheromone rings thoob cov ntoo. Tsis tas li ntawd plum yog kho nrog 0.2% carbofos.
Cropping thiab crown tsim
Thaum yuav ib lub yub, tag nrho nws cov yub feem ntau txawv ntawm ib leeg: ib txhia tuaj yeem tsim thiab ua rau cov neeg tseem ceeb ua rau loj hlob, lwm tus, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tsuas yog 10 centimeters ntawm lub cev.
Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau ntawm tiag tiag tsis tseem ceeb ceg yuav loj hlob on ib tug tub hluas plum tsob ntoo, uas tsuas cuam tshuam nrog txhua lwm yam thiab ntxoov ntxoo lawv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau plum yuav zoo nkauj, zoo txiv hmab txiv ntoo coj thiab tsis tsim teeb meem thaum xaiv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev daim ntawv tsis tu ncua nws crown.
Thawj pruning pruning yog nqa tawm ncaj qha tom qab cog lub seedling ntawm ib qho chaw mus tas li ntawm kev loj hlob. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, tus ceg tsis yog luv luv, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb xaiv cov feem ntau txawm thiab ruaj siab ntawm lawv, sib sau ob peb tiers ntawm lawv, 4-6 ceg nyob rau hauv txhua
Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau xaiv tus neeg xyuas pib thiab txiav nws kom nws tshua ntev tshaj li tag nrho lwm ceg. Txhua tus ties tom qab uas mus hauv qab tus neeg xyuas pib yuav tsum yog luv dua li ib qho uas tau qis dua nws. Yog tias, tus ceg ntev tshaj yuav tsum yog nyob rau theem qis tshaj.
Thaum xaiv cov ceg ntoo uas koj xav tawm mus rau txoj kev loj hlob, thov nco ntsoov tias lawv yuav tsum txav deb ntawm lub cev hauv lub cev ntawm ib qho tsis pub tsawg tshaj 40 degrees, txwv tsis pub lawv yuav tawm ntawm cov qoob loo.
Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov theem yuav tsum yog kwv yees li 40-60 centimeters., nyob ntawm qhov siab ntawm tsob ntoo nws tus kheej. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus naj npawb ntawm cov ceg nrog txhua tom ntej tier, pib los ntawm lub hauv qab, yuav tsum tau txo.
Tom ntej cov pob txhu yuav tsim los tswj cov duab ntawm lub yas thiab tshem tawm cov neeg sib tw ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib thiab cov ceg ntoo loj.
Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau siv qhov kev sib txawv ntawm cov ntoo hauv plum ntoo, txiav cov ceg ntoo uas muaj zog ntawm lub pob zeb tsuas yog lub quarter xwb, yog qhov nruab nrab - cov ceg txhua xyoo raug txiav ib feem peb ntawm lawv qhov ntev, thiab rau cov ceg ntoo uas muaj zog heev awakeness peb txiav cov ceg ntoo hauv ib nrab.
Qhov no yuav ua rau kom mob siab tsim txawm tias tsawg zuj zus.
Pruning cov laus txiv ntoo xa mus rau tshem tawm cov puas thiab tawg ceg thiab ceg thiab thinning ntawm crown (yog tias tsim nyog). Tom qab pruning lub ceg yog hlawv.
Nruas tsob ntoo yuav tsum tau ua kom tsob ntoo
Plum tsis nyiam heev thiab ntau chiv. Dhau li ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias thaum lub sij hawm cog cov av yog tov nrog cov organic chiv, nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo ntawm kev loj hlob tsob ntoo tsis tas yuav tsum tau kho.
Tom ntej no, nrog ib tug zaus ntawm 2-3 xyoos nyob rau hauv lub lig lub sij hawm av nyob ib ncig ntawm tsob ntoo yog fertilized nrog humustov nrog superphosphate thiab poov tshuaj sulfate. Rau 1 m 2 nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau siv ib nrab ntawm ib lub thoob ntawm compost, 50 grams ntawm superphosphate thiab tsuas yog 20 grams ntawm poov tshuaj sulphate.
Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, tsob ntoo zoo siv tshuaj ammonium nitrate, qhov tsim nyog npaum li cas ntawm 1 m 2 yog tsuas yog 20 grams (nws yog yooj yim rau dilute nws nrog dej thiab thov rau cov av nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm watering).
Tsis txhob hnov qab txog kev ywg dej
Watering plums yuav tsum tsis tu ncuaTxij li thaum dej tsis tsuas yog nourishes tsob ntoo, nws kuj cuam tshuam qhov zoo ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Thawj cov dej yuav tsum yog 1.5-2 lub lis piam ua ntej lub paj pib ntawm tsob ntoo pib, thiab yuav rov qab tom qab tib lub sij hawm tau tas sim tom qab tsob ntoo muaj faded.
Thaum lub sij hawm qhuav lub caij ntuj sov, watering tsob ntoo yog nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm txhua lub caij ntuj sov. Nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj thiab lub 9 hli, tsob ntoo kuj yuav tsum tau muaj dej ntau, vim tias qhov zoo ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo zoo tuaj.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua rau hauv qhov tseeb tias qhov plum dej yuav tsum tsis tu ncua thiab sib ntsib rau cov huab cua puag thiab av noo noo. Txwv tsis pub, koj tuaj yeem ua rau cracking ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, los yog yellowing ntawm nplooj ntawm plum tsob ntoo.
Ua noj plum rau lub caij ntuj no
Feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov, cov ntoo saplings thiab ib xyoos laus plum ntoo yog ntshai ntawm lub caij ntuj no thiab nws cov Frost. Yog li ntawd, lawv yuav tsum ua tib zoo npaj rau lub caij ntuj no.
Ua ntej nqi nws zoo khawb cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm tsob ntoothiaj li hais tias nws muaj txaus oxygen rau ntws.
Secondly, lub crowns ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas ntoo, dhau li ntawd qhov tseeb hais tias lawv khi rau ib tug muaj zog ceg txheem ntseeg, yuav tsum tau khi nyob rau hauv ib lub khaub rhuab - nws yuav yooj yim dua rau lawv tiv thaiv lub cua.
Yog hais tias koj cia li cog tsob ntoo los yog nws hlob thaum koj tsuas yog thaum pib ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, ces nws feem ntau Pom zoo prikopat rau lub caij ntuj no nyob rau hauv lub snow.
Lub cev ntawm ib tsob ntoo uas muaj ntau dua tuaj yeem muab qhwv nrog ntau daus thiab npog nrog quav nyab. Yog hais tias tsob ntoo loj thiab muaj ntau ceg ntoo uas tsiv tawm ntawm lub pob tw ntawm lub qhov ncauj, lawv yuav tsum tau txais kev txhawb zog nrog cov ceg txhuam kom lawv tsis txhob tawg hauv qab qhov nyhav ntawm cov daus.
