Feem ntau, gardeners xav hloov lub grape ntau yam zus rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv, tab sis lawv tsis xav kom pov tseg lub sij hawm cog ib tug tshiab Bush. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, siv cov txheej txheem txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas peb piav qhia nyob rau hauv ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv peb tsab xov xwm.
Yog vim li cas nroj grapes
Ua ntej kev pib mus rau kev piav qhia ntawm tus txheej txheem nws tus kheej, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum to taub yog vim li cas nws yuav tsum tau. Ua tsaug rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, koj muaj peev xwm rejuvenate qub grapes, coj tshiab ntau yam nrog qhov zoo tshaj plaws saj, loj hlob berries ntawm txawv ntau yam rau ib cov shrub, nce nroj tiv thaiv rau cov kab mob thiab cov pests.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! 2-3 hnub ua ntej tus txheej txheem, nws yog pom zoo kom mus rau dej lub vineyard plentifully. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog thiaj li hais tias cov nroj tsuag ntawm kev txiav "quaj" - qhov tso tawm dej ua rau muaj kev sib txuas ceev ceev.Tom qab kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, fruiting pib ntau ntxov tshaj li thaum ib tug tshiab seedling yog cog, uas txuag lub sij hawm thiab nyiam lub berries nyob rau hauv lub caij tom ntej.
Lub sij hawm ntawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav grape grafting
Thiaj li rau cov txiv hmab yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam cov hnub kawg. Feem ntau cov txheej txheem yog nqa tawm tom qab lub buds swell nyob rau rootstock. Lub sijhawm no yuav ntog nyob rau lub Plaub Hlis. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas huab cua txias tsis qis tshaj + 15 ° S, thiab cov av tsis qis tshaj + 10 ° C. Nws yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias nyob rau ntawm high school kub, thaum lub hnub yog heev zog, tus txheej txheem yuav tsum tsis txhob nqa tawm.
Txoj kev ntawm grafting grapes
Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev rau txiv hmab txiv ntoo:
- Nyob rau hauv lub cais.
- Hauv ib nrab-cais.
- Nyob rau hauv lub pob tw.
- Sau
- Nyob rau hauv shtamb.
- Drilling.
Harvesting ntawm cuttings ntawm grapes
Yog xav tau lub graft zoo, harvesting cuttings yog pom zoo nyob rau hauv lub Autumn. Nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los xaiv ib lub voj noj qab nyob zoo uas muab ib tug nplua nuj thiab nplua nuj sau, thiab txiav lub cuttings nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb huv thiab ntse riam kom txhua ntawm lawv muaj ob peb lub qhov muag. Qhov nruab nrab, qhov ntev ntawm qhov txiav yuav tsum 10-12 cm.
Rau ib tug zoo txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, nco ntsoov tias txiav txiav ib tug txawm txiav. Ua ntej koj txiav ib ceg ntawm lub hav txwv yeem, nws tsis mob siab rau kev xyaum rau lwm cov ceg ntoo uas tsis tseem ceeb.
Koj puas paub? Lub grapes nyob rau hauv lub qhov muaj pes tsawg tus muab kev pab cuam yog zoo heev rau cov mis nyuj.Tom qab txiav, lub cuttings yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ib nrab ib feeb nyob rau hauv ib tug 3% daws ntawm tooj liab sulfate. Cov txheej txheem no yuav pab tau kom tua cov kab mob. Tom qab ntawd, lub cuttings yog pw tawm on theem hauv av thiab qhuav. Tom qab ntawd lawv yuav tsum muab qhwv rau hauv polyethylene los yog ib txoj phuam ntub thiab muab tso rau hauv lub tub yees los yog qhov chaw uas kub tsis tshaj + 5 ° S.
Xaiv cov khoom txawb rau kev txhim kho
Raws li ib tug Tshuag, koj yuav tsum tau xaiv ntau yam nrog zoo Frost tsis kam, vigorous, nrog high tsis kam mus rau ntau yam pests thiab kab mob. Cov ceg yuav tsum muaj ib qho chaw zoo underground shtamb. Lub bushes ntawm 3-5 xyoos yuav tsum zoo tagnrho - lub ciaj nqi ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas cov nroj tsuag yog zoo dua li qub. Grafting ib lub vine rau ntawm ib lub txiag ntoo tsis zoo li coj qhov xav tau, vim hais tias muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv ib qho kev cog qoob loo nruab nrab ntawm nws cov mob thiab nws tseem ua rau nws tuag taus. 
Caij nplooj ntoos hlav txiv hmab txiv ntoo grafting: kauj ruam los ntawm cov lus qhia qhia
Muaj ntau txoj kev ntawm grafting grapes, tab sis peb yuav piav txog peb ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv ntau dua kom meej. Ua tsaug rau cov lus qhia ntxaws, cov pib tshiab txawm ua tau cov txheej txheem.
Nyob rau hauv split
Ib txoj kev uas yog ib qho yog grafting hauv txiv hmab. Nws muaj cov kauj ruam nram qab no:
- Nws yog tsim nyog los tshem lub rootstock los ntawm nplooj thiab kos lub qhov chaw ntawm grafting (feem ntau nws yog xaiv nruab nrab ntawm lub thib ob thiab thib peb ntawm). Siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob tua kab mob, so nws huv si - qhov no koj yuav tua tau cov av thiab kab mob.
- Tawm hauv qhov kev ncua mus rau qhov chaw mus txog 5 cm thiab txiav tawm sab saum toj ntawm lub vine.
- Nyob rau ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 3 cm mus rau lub node ua longitudinal splitting.
- Tom qab ntawd nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau ua tib zoo muab cov txiav uas tau npaj ua ntej rau hauv kev cais.
- Lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau nruj nreem zoo nkauj thiab ntub nrog noo noo. Nco ntsoov tias qhov kub ntawm qhov chaw no yog + 23-25 ° C.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Tsis txhob kov qhov shear nrog koj ob txhais tes - qhov no yuav cuam tshuam rau hauv lub lauj kaub, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum rov qab ua dua.Ua ntej yuav pib nrog txoj kev, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau npaj kom tag nrho lub ntsuas kom cov cheeb tsam ntuag tsis qhuav tawm, thaum koj yuav tau nrhiav cov ntaub qhwv los yog lwm cov ntaub ntawv.
Nyob rau hauv shtamb
Ib qho ntawm qhov txuj ci no yog tias ntau cov khoom tsim muaj nyob rau hauv lub qia ntawm ib zaug, txhua tus yuav tsum muaj 3 qhov muag. Qhov kev tshwm sim yog ua raws li nram no:
- Nws yog tsim nyog yuav tau khawb av hauv ib ncig ntawm lub pob tw mus rau ntawm thawj qhov (kwv yees 10-20 cm).
- Nyob rau ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 5 cm los ntawm no node mus txiav tawm lub qub nroj tsuag.
- Nws yog tsim nyog los phua lub stump. Lub qhov tob yuav tsum yog tib yam li qhov tob ntawm cov hniav txiav.
- Peb muab lub cuttings nyob rau hauv lub Tshuag.
- Lub chaw txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau tightened nrog ib tug twine, qhwv nyob hauv ntub tuab daim ntawv, sprinkle txog 4-5 cm nrog ntub av.
Siv laum
Lwm txoj kev uas feem ntau siv los ntawm lub caij ntuj sov no yog grafting ib tug txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm drilling. Nws txawv ntawm lwm tus neeg hais tias nws yog thawj zaug tsim nyog los txiav tawm ntawm qia, thiab tsuas yog tom qab uas xaiv hom tshuaj tiv thaiv. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, tag nrho cov nroj tsuag yuav siv sij hawm lub hauv paus yog tias koj xaiv qhov chaw uas lub qia yog qhov widest. Koj siv tau tej yam cuttings - txawm tias cov uas muaj 2 buds. 
Cov txheej txheem muaj cov kauj ruam nram qab no:
- Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nrhiav tau ib tug xyaum nrog ib tug haum kab, kom disinfect nws nrog ib tug daws ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate.
- Siv lub qhov ntiav ntiav thiab maj mam muab tso rau hauv nws. Nco ntsoov xyuas kom muaj ib qho kev sib xws ntawm cov txheej txheem cambial.
- Tom qab ntawd lub cuttings yuav tsum tau sau nrog moistened chips thiab them nrog polyethylene.
Nyob rau hauv lub cultivation ntawm grapes, qhov tseeb xaiv ntawm ntau yam uas yog haum rau tej yam kev mob ntawm koj cheeb tsam climatic yog tseem ceeb heev. , Talisman, In Memory of Negrul, Moldova, Codreanca, Amursky thiab ntau lwm tus.
Tsis tu ncua kev saib xyuas ntawm grafted grape Bush
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim yuav zoo nkaus xwb yog tias tsim nyog saib xyuas rau qhov chaw cog kabmob:
- Tom qab ua tiav txoj cai, lub Tshuag Tshaj thiab Spuds. Nco ntsoov loosen hauv av nyob rau hauv lub qhov - nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog hais tias nws yog tshwj xeeb nrog oxygen.
- Tshawb xyuas cov kab txiav hauv 10-14 hnub: Yog tias tsis muaj cov tshiab tua rau nws, koj yuav tsum tau txiav cov Tshuag thiab rov ua dua tshiab.
- Txhua txhua 7-10 hnub, saib yog cov Tshuag thiab cov ntawv txiav tawm. Yog hais tias lub txiav yuav siv paus tsis nyob rau hauv Tshuag, lawv yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm.
- Caij nrhau tshem cov nyom thiab cov nroj.
Koj puas paub? Txhua xyoo, txhua tus neeg yuav tsum haus 8-10 kg ntawm txiv hmab, tab sis siv qhov ntsuas no tsuas yog 1 kg.Yog tias koj ua raws li cov lus qhia yooj yim rau kev saib xyuas, kev txiav yuav loj hlob sai thiab tsis muaj teeb meem tshwj xeeb.
Yuam sij kom ua yuam kev
Muaj cov kev ua yuam kev uas feem ntau ua rau lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Xav txog lawv:
- loj lej qhov tob. Xws li ua yuam kev ua rau cov khoom tsis muaj txhij txhua thiab cov paj nruag. Lawv tsis haum rau ib leeg, thiab cua daj cua dub nkag mus rau cov voids, uas ua rau kev lwj, uas yog provoked los ntawm pathogenic flora. Kev tiv thaiv siab tshaj plaws yuav pab tiv thaiv tau tus kab mob;
- Tshuag incompatibility thiab cuttings. Tshuag thiab cuttings yuav tsum muaj qhov qub thaj chaw. Ntau yam yuav tsum muaj tib lub sij hawm ripening lub sij hawm. Yog tias qhov kev xyuam xim tsis haum, qhov no yuav ua rau kev sib tw thiab kev tuag ntawm kev txiav;
- tsis cia cia ntawm cuttings. Tus qauv ntawm ntoo thiab bark muaj ib porosity, uas ua rau intensive buaporation ntawm noo noo. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau ua kom txhua tus muaj kev noj qab haus huv nyob hauv cuttings. Ua li no, lawv yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg rau hauv cov dej cawv quav;
- siv lub cuab tam tsis yog. Txhawm rau kev ua kom zoo, koj yuav tsum tau ua kom txiav nrog lub cuab tam tshwj xeeb los yog rab riam zoo heev. Yog hais tias qhov kev txiav no tsis yog txawm tias, nws yuav tsis tau ua kom tau ib txoj kev haum xeeb.
