Hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub, kev sib txuas lus yog ua tiav ntawm kev ceev ceev hauv e-mail, cov tub xa xov tooj, thiab xov tooj sib txuas lus. Txawm li ntawd los, nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, lus raug xa tawm noog - pigeons. Txij li thaum lawv tsis ua tiav lawv txoj haujlwm qub rau kev siv cov kev pab cuam, lawv feem ntau hu ua kev ua si nawv thiab siv rau kev sib tw. Raws li xws li, tus yug ntawm pigeon tsis tshwm sim, lub nquab muaj peev xwm hu ua ib tug nquab, uas muaj lub peev xwm tsim nyog, thiab uas muaj peev xwm dhau kis ceev faj xaiv thiab kev kawm theem. Ib txhia breeds ntawm pigeons muaj peev xwm xa xa ntawv, thiab hom noog nws yog dab tsi - peb yuav xav tom qab nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm.
Pigeon mail keeb kwm
Pigeon Mail yog qhov tseem ceeb laus hom kev xa ntawv. Kev siv ntawm pigeons rau lub me nyuam ntawm cov lus pib nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm. Yog li ntawd, cov cua ntawm no tau tshwm sim rau cov neeg Greek, Loos, Egyptians, Persians thiab cov neeg Yudais ua tub rog, kev lag luam thiab lwm yam.
Thaum lub sij hawm Thawj Zaug thiab Ob Ntiaj Teb Tsov, cov neeg nquab siv kuj tau siv los xa cov ntawv xov xwm, tab sis nrog txoj kev sib txuas lus hauv xov tooj cua, xav tau cov noog tau poob. 
Mus rau hnub tim, qhia tshwj xeeb uas tau txais kev pabcuam pigeons yog siv rau kev sib tw.
Koj puas paub? Thaum lub sijhawm thib ib ntawm Tsoomfwv Lub Ntiaj Teb thiab Thaj Tsam Thib Ob, Lub Tebchaws Us Aas tau siv 200,000 tus tub rog.
Yuav ua li cas los txiav txim qhov twg ya, thiab nyob rau hauv dab tsi deb tsaws
Txoj kev ntawm kev sib txuas lus no yog nce raws li lub nquab lub peev xwm rov qab mus rau nws lub zes, txawm tias nws yog coj los rau ib qhov chaw zoo heev. Hais tias yog, nws hloov tawm hais tias siv lawv cov pigeons koj yuav tsum tau ua ntej los ntawm tus neeg tuav ntaub ntawv thiab mus nrog lawv mus rau lawv lub hom phiaj, thiab xa rov qab mus rau lub zes.
Mus txog rau tam sim no, cov kws tshawb fawb tsis pom zoo li cas cov noog txiav txim siab txog qhov tseeb ntawm kev sib tw. Raws li ib version, nws yog ntseeg hais tias pigeons tau perceive infrasound. Tib neeg lub pob ntseg tsis tuaj yeem ntes nws, txawm li cas los xij, cov nthwv dej no tsis tuaj yeem tawm qhov txhia chaw los ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntuj, huab cua tshwm sim, tib neeg ua haujlwm. Tej nthwv tsis muaj peev xwm kis tau ntev ntev. Pigeons, siv infrasound, tau txais ib hom ntawm daim ntawv qhia infrasound ntawm thaj chaw uas lawv muaj peev xwm taug kev. 
Raws li lwm cov kev xav, cov noog siv Lub ntiaj teb lub teb chaws geomagneticthiab tseem muaj qhov "built-in compass" thiab tau qhia los ntawm lub hnub. Tsis tas li ntawd, pigeons tau cim lub struts thiab smells zoo, uas tseem cia koj mus sai sai koj txoj kev hauv tsev.
Feem ntau, pigeons tau npog ncua li ntawm 1,100 km thaum nce 3 xyoos, nyob rau daim ntawv qhia nws yuav siv sij hawm nruab nrab ntawm 15-18 xuab moos. Tab sis tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyuaj thiab muaj peev xwm tus neeg muaj peev xwm kov yeej ib qhov chaw nyob hauv kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm lawv lub zes. Qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub davhlau khiav ceev yog 60-70 km / h, tab sis qee cov noog tuaj yeem ncav cuag txog 100 thiab txawm tias 150 km / h. Kev xa cov lus, daim ntawv yuav muab tais mus rau hauv lub raj thiab khi rau ntawm tus noog. Rau tsab ntawv txawm tuaj nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb lub sij hawm - pigeogram. 
Cov neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb
Raws li peb tau qhia ua ntej, qee cov yug ntawm cov nquab muaj ntau lub peev xwm rau kev cob qhia thiab kev taw qhia hauv qhov chaw, vim los ntawm lub sij hawm immemorial lawv tau xaiv rau kev xa xov thiab nqa tawm kev xaiv txoj haujlwm xaiv kom zoo dua qub rau kev ua haujlwm. Tom ntej, peb xav txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub ntsiab hom pigeons.
Ib co breeds ntawm pigeons muaj rau noj zaub mov.
Lus Cog Tseg Dua
Contrary rau lub npe, qhov chaw yug ntawm tus yug yog Asia. Nyob rau hauv XV caug xyoo, cov noog tuaj rau Tebchaws Europe, qhov chaw sib txawv ntawm cov noog tau zoo tuaj. Qhov no yug yog txawv los ntawm siab davhlau qualities, sai, ncaj ncaj. 
Tseem ceeb nta:
- yuag: 560-650 g;
- lub cev ntev los ntawm thaum pib ntawm beak mus rau lub ntsis ntawm Tail yog 43-47 cm;
- plumage: luv luv, ntom, plaub - tawv, xim yuav txawv (dub, dawb, grey, ntseej, variegated);
- rooj plaub: haib, oblong zoo nrog lub dav hauv siab thiab ntev ntev;
- taub hau: me me, oblong zoo;
- lub caj dab: ntev heev, nyias;
- beak: ntev (txog li 5 cm), xim yog nyob ntawm lub plumage thiab yuav ua tau xim av lossis liab. Npog nrog cov tawv nqaij loj hlob uas tsuas nce nrog lub hnub nyoog thiab cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog 3 xyoo ncav cuag qhov loj me me xwb;
- Tail: ntev, tsawg qis, plaub kov hauv pem teb;
- tis: muaj zog, muaj zog, ntev, lub xub pwg nyom rau tom ntej, cov lus qhia ntawm tis ntawm tus Tsov tus tw;
- ncua: mus txog 70 cm;
- kev ua neej: 15-25 xyoo.
Belgian (Antwerp)
"Belgians" yog cov tswv ntawm cov breeds ntawm pigeons nyob rau hauv davhlau khiav. Feem ntau siv los ua cov noog cov hniav. Spectacular zoo thiab zoo heev dav yam ntxwv ntawm cov noog tau txais los ntawm lawv niam lawv txiv: lub German yug ntawm pigeons, Antwerp exhibition thiab gulls-tourbits. Qhov no yug originated nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19 nyob hauv lub nroog Belgian Antwerp.
Tseem ceeb nta:
- plumage: ntom, luv luv, thawj xim - dawb, tis flaps tej zaum yuav xim av lossis grey;
- rooj plaub: dav, muaj hwjchim, nrog cov leeg mob zoo, tsim teebmeem;
- taub hau: haib, sab qhov muag, loj heev;
- lub caj dab: tuab thiab luv;
- beak: nruab nrab ntev, qhov ntxoov ntxoo liab, muaj lub me me ceramum;
- Tail: luv thiab nqaim, horizontally teeb;
- tis: haib, nruj rau lub cev, ua kom npog lub nraub qaum;
- kev ua neej: 15-20 xyoo.
Koj puas paub? Tus nqi rau no yug yog siab li kev ntaus pob ncaws pob ntawm cov noog. Piv txwv li, hauv xyoo 2012 tus naj npawb Belgian muag tau muag rau 328 txhiab daus las rau tus lag luam suav ua lag luam.
German
Qhov no yog ib tug heev zoo nkauj zoo nkauj zoo nkauj yug ntawm pigeons, uas yog feem ntau siv rau exhibitions los yog raws li ib tug tsim cov noog. Nws tshwm sim tsis ntev los no, thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, thiab zoo li cov tsiaj qub dhau - Cov noog Antwerp.
Tseem ceeb nta:
- plumage: tuab, tuab thiab tuab heev, xim yuav txawv, tab sis cov xim yooj yim yuav tsum npog tag nrho lub cev, tshwj tsis yog cov tswv yim ntawm tus Tsov tus tw thiab tis, muaj ntau yam xim thiab qauv xaiv;
- rooj plaub: stocky, muaj zog, horizontally teeb, tapers mus rau Tail, nrog ib tug dav hauv siab;
- taub hau: qhov ze ze ntawm lub qhov muag thiab rub tawm ntawm lub kaus ncauj, qhov profile yog qhov ncauj zoo nkauj, tom qab ntawm lub taub hau yog sib npaug;
- lub caj dab: oblong, gracefully curved, txuas rau hauv siab;
- beak: nruab nrab ntev, blunt, muaj ib sab puag, tej zaum yuav hawj dub lossis liab;
- Tail: nqaim, luv luv (tshaj qhov tis mus 2 cm);
- tis: nruab nrab ntev, dav;
- ob txhais ceg: haib, tsis-feathery, liab.
Lavxias
Zoo nkauj, muaj zog cov noog uas zoo tshaj plaws. Tseem ceeb nta:
- plumage: ntom, tuab. Feem ntau feem ntau muaj xim dawb ntshiab, tiam sis, muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov xim uas yog muaj xim muaj ob peb zaug;
- rooj plaub: slender, graceful, muab tso rau hauv horizontally, nrog lub hauv siab hauv siab;
- taub hau: me me loj, elegant;
- lub caj dab: nruab nrab ntev, nyias, nthuav tawm ntawm xub pwg;
- beak: luv luv thiab ntse, nrog ib tug curved ntxeev;
- Tail: nqaim, nruab nrab ntev, teem caij horizontally;
- tis: haib, nqaim thiab ntev, lub xub pwg thaiv hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub hauv siab, cov tswv yim ntawm cov tis yog tsa saum lub cev;
- ob txhais ceg: tsis plumed, liab ntxoov ntxoo, medium ntev.
Lub sib ntaus sib tua pigeons tau txais lawv lub npe tsis rau ntaus yeeb ncuab, tab sis rau lub suab nrov nrov nrog lawv tis, uas lawv tawm hauv cov davhlau. Qhov no yog qhov zoo li ntawm cov poj niam zoo li Armavir, Baku, Takla, Uzbek, Agaran, Kasan.
Dragoons (dragons)
Cov no yog cov zoo nkauj cov noog uas muaj lub siab tawv thiab lub npe tsis tseem ceeb. Lawv tsis zoo ib yam li dragons, tab sis kuj mus rau lawv cov txheeb ze tshaj plawg thiab txwv zeej - kev ua haujlwm Askiv kiag li. Thaum xub thawj, no yug muaj zoo heev dav hlau zoo, thiab txawm tswj los mus nias lub quarries, tab sis nrog kev loj hlob ntawm sai sib txuas lus, tus zaj pib siv raws li ib tug zoo nkauj exhibition yug. 
Yog li ntawd, cov noog tau poob lawv cov qub kev zoo thiab hloov lawv cov tsos: lawv tau los ua hnyav, khwj ywb thiab dav. Txog hnub tim, lawv tsis siv cov kev ua si.
Tseem ceeb nta:
- plumage: ntom, tuab thiab tawv. Plaub yog ci ntsa iab, xim yog txawm, ntau ntxoov nrog tus menyuam ntawm kev sib txawv xim;
- rooj plaub: dav, npag, muaj zog, nrog lub hauv siab loj hauv siab;
- taub hau: me me, oblong. Plig - qhov nqes tes;
- lub caj dab: oblong, tuab, nthuav tawm ntawm xub pwg;
- beak: oblong, haib, nyob rau hauv lub Upper ib feem them nrog warty outgrowths ntawm liab los yog whitish tint;
- Tail: luv luv, nqaim;
- tis: haib, loj heev, dav, ntev sau rau ntawm tus Tsov tus tw;
- ob txhais ceg: haib, npag, nruab nrab ntev, them nrog feathers.
Nrhiav kom paub seb muaj pes tsawg tus nquab nyob hauv qus thiab hauv tsev, yuav ua li cas paub txog kev sib deev ntawm ib tug nquab thiab nquab mating; Yuav ua li cas kab mob ua txoj kev pigeons raug kev txom nyem?
Czechs
Czech ntaus pob (kev ua si) cov nquab yog qhov txawv ntawm lub cev muaj zog thiab muaj zog tiv thaiv, tib lub sij hawm lawv yog loyal, yooj yim domesticated thiab kawm, thiab feem ntau qhib rau kev ua hauj lwm nrog tib neeg. Yug yog nrov heev hauv kev sib tw. Siab ya qualities pigeons yuav ua mob ntawm luv nruam.
Tseem ceeb nta:
- plumage: du, tuab. Xim - lub teeb, nrog koj cov tawv muag ntawm qhov sib txawv ntxoov ntxoo;
- rooj plaub: du, harmoniously folded, horizontally teeb;
- taub hau: me me, flattened on sab, nrog ib tug dav sab pem hauv ntej;
- lub caj dab: oblong, ntawm lub xub pwg nyom - ncua;
- beak: nruab nrab ntev, nqaim thiab ntse, nrog cov lus qhia tau zoo;
- Tail: me me, nqaim, yuav luag tag nrho ntawm cov tis;
- tis: muaj zog, ntev, taw tes rau ntawm qhov xaus, lub xub pwg nyom me ntsis nyob hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub hauv siab.
Cov xwm txheej ntawm kev raug txim
Khaws daim ntawv (uas yog, ntaus pob ncaws pob) cov nquab yuav tsum tau huv, sov, nrog ib qho tas mus li tawm.
Qhia rau koj tus kheej nrog tswv yim on yug me nyuam pigeons: yuav ua li cas los tsim ib tug dovecote, kom pigeons nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no.
Aviary yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov nram qab no:
- qhov chaw: Ntau breeders qhia kom muab dovecot ntau li ntau tau hauv lub qab ntom nti, txhua qhov thaum, aviary yuav tsum nyob deb ntawm cov tsev ua liaj ua teb, cesspools, cov xaim hluav taws xob. Thaum lub tsev nws tsim nyog tso rau sab qab teb sab tav;
- qhov ntev: ib khub ntawm pigeons yuav yuav tsum tau tsawg kawg yog 0.5 square metres. m square, qhov siab ntawm chav tsev yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj ntau tshaj 2 m. Nrog ntau tus noog, tus dovecote faib ua khej ntawm 15 khub txhua;
- qhov cua: rau qhov cua, nws yoojyim rau ob lub qhov rooj (qhov loj thiab lattice), zoo li cov pa hauv lub qab nthab;
- teeb pom kev zoo: lub teeb hnub rau cov noog yuav tsum kav ntev txog 12 teev, yog tias tsim nyog, koj yuav tsum siv hluav taws xob ntxiv;
- cua sov: Feem ntau yog pigeons tsis tas yuav sov lub enclosure. Nws yog tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no kub nyob rau hauv lub chav tsis poob hauv qab no + 5 ... + 10 ° S, rau qhov no, lub tsev pigeon yuav tsum zoo warmed thiab litter siv. Nws tseem yog heev txaus ntshai rau cov noog mus rau overheat, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov lub cim cim yog +20 ° C;
- litter: siv hauv zes thiab hauv pem teb. Cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem sib txawv: straw, hay, me ceg ntoo, taum plaub hau, ib nrab ntawm 10 cm. Yuav kom tsis txhob kis kab mob, ib txheej ntawm cov pa luam yeeb,
- feeders thiab drinkers: Ntoo thawv rau ntawm lub thawv ntawv feem ntau yog ntsia (lawv tseem tuaj yeem tsis siv tau). Tsis muaj leej twg xav tau txog 7 cm ntawm qhov chaw. Kev haus cov tais uas yooj yim kom npaj txhij. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov noog tau nkag mus rau cov dej tshiab tshiab;
- nqaim: ib tug neeg yuav tsum tau 30-50 cm ncej nyob ntawm tus tub ntxhais tshwj xeeb. Cov phom khawm muaj mounted horizontally rau ntawm phab ntsa, ntawm qhov ntev ntawm 80 cm ntawm hauv pem teb thiab qab nthab;
- zes: Lub zes tsis zoo rau ib tug neeg pw: 80 * 40 * 30 cm Lub qhov yuav tsum tsis txhob pw, cov nquab ua li no lawv tus kheej, txwv tsis pub lawv tsis kam ua lub zes hauv.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nyob rau hauv lub tawb ze ntawm lub cheeb tsam nkag yuav tsum yog ib tug receiver. Cov cuab yeej no yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub tawb, uas yog siv thaum lub sij hawm kev cob qhia thiab kev sib tw rau kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov noog.
Yuav noj dab tsi
Txij thaum kis las daim ntawv qhia siv ntau lub zog, lawv xav tau kev noj haus zoo kom zoo ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tsis tuaj yeem noj cov noog, vim lawv yuav poob lawv cov kis las.
Nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm breeders, daj peas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws khoom noj khoom haus rau homing pigeons, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, kev noj haus yuav tsum tsom rau oats, pob kws, hom qoob mog thiab sunflower noob - tag nrho ntawm cov kab lis kev cai ua lub hauv paus ntawm kev noj haus. 
Nws kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ntxiv cov zaub tshiab tshiab los yog qoob loo (lettuce, plantain, clover, nettle, alfalfa, cabbage thiab spinach) thiab zaub.
Xav paub ntau ntxiv txog cov txiaj ntsim ntawm lettuce, plantain, clover, nettle, alfalfa, cabbage, spinach, as Well as cultivation ntawm lettuce, cabbage, thiab spinach nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam.
Qhov nruab nrab txhua hnub ntawm kev pub noj yog txog 60 g ib tug neeg. Thaum lub sij hawm lub caij ntawm molting, qe-tso thiab tsim kom loj hlob, thaum lub sij hawm lub caij ntuj no lub hlis, feem ntau muaj peev xwm yuav nce los ntawm 1.5-2 lub sij hawm. Yuav tsum muaj cov tshuaj ntxhia ntxiv (plhaub, plhaub, thiab lwm yam) thiab ntsev. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev noj cov zaub mov ntawm cov noog nrog cov kab uas muaj germinated: barley thiab oats.
Nws yog ncaj qha txwv mus pub pigeons nrog mis nyuj khoom, nqaij thiab ntses, qhob noom khoom. Cov khoom no yog ua rau mob digestive mob, los yog tseem ua kom tuag, raws li tus noog lub cev tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau digesting lawv.
Kev kawm
Ntau yam yuav hais tau txog kev cob qhia thiab kev cob qhia ntawm daim ntawv tshaj tawm. Yog tias koj tshiab rau daim teb no, nco ntsoov ob peb txoj cai tseem ceeb:
- thaum muaj hnub nyoog li ntawm 1.5 lub hlis, thaum cov noog kis tau tas li plumage, koj tuaj yeem pib qhia rau kev ya, tab sis kev kawm tiag tiag los tsuas yog los ntawm 4 lub hlis;
- tsis txhob xyaum chicks thiab cov pojniam mus rau ib lub lis piam qub;
- cov kev cob qhia tsuas yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub caij sov, pib thaum Lub Plaub Hlis, nyob rau hauv cov huab cua zoo;
- cov noog thiab cov laus yuav tsum tau tso tawm thiab cob qhia ib leeg;
- Qhov kev cob qhia pib yog 5 km.
Tom qab kawm thawj lub nrug deb, pigeons raug tso tawm ntawm 10, 20, 50, 80, 150 km. Nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo kawm, qhov siab tshaj plaws rau cov noog yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 320 km rau hauv lub davhlau, qhov nruab nrab 3-5 teev. Thaum lub sij hawm kawm, lub pigeon tsim yees thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm tus tswv, txhim kho lub cev thiab kev ua kom muaj zog, thiab pib ua zoo dua. Tsis tas li ntawd nws ruaj rau lub zes yog kho kom zoo. Kev muaj peev xwm tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pom los ntawm cov noog uas muaj khub.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nws yog tsim nyog yuav tau ua tib zoo xaiv qhov chaw rau kev tso tawm ntawm noog. Nws yuav tsum qhib thiab sublime rau lub flyer mus rau tom. Tsis txhob tso cov nquab hauv cov kwj ha, cov ntoo thiab cov roob siab tsis muaj peev xwm.
Cov neeg cog qoob loo ua raws li txoj cai: Yog tias tus neeg pom tias nws ua tau zoo, nws tsis raug tso cai los sib tw, tab sis nws siv rau kev ua qoob loo kom thiaj li tau txais ntau tshaj plaws nrog rau cov khoom zoo sib xws. Cov noog raug tso cai rau kev sib tw rau hnub nyoog 3 xyoos.
Yees duab: kev kawm kis las kis las
Txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm pigeons tsis siv xa lus, tab sis lub ceev, txawj ntse thiab kev cog lus ntawm cov noog kuj tseem yuav enjoyed ntawm kev sib tw thiab exhibitions. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, tus noog yog yooj yim los tuav, raws li lawv unpretentious thiab zoo adaptable. Txawm li cas los xij, tshwj xeeb yuav tsum them nyiaj rau kev kawm, kev cob qhia thiab kev cob qhia, yog tias koj xav cog qoob loo.
