Kua ntoo

Secrets ntawm kev vam meej cultivation ntawm Kua ntoo "Kandil Orlovsky"

Kua lovers yeej txaus siab rau ntau yam Kandil Orlovsky. Nws muaj ntau qhov zoo thiab tuaj yeem loj hlob nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw.

Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm peb yuav qhia rau koj li cas txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo li, yuav ua li cas xaiv lub seedling thiab kev kho mob rau tsob ntoo.

Kev yug me nyuam yav dhau los

Cov ntau yam yuav hu ua cov tub ntxhais hluas, raws li nws tau bred kuj tsis ntev los no. Nws yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov hauj lwm loj ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm All-Russian Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb Lub Koom Haum Rau Quav Txiv Ntoo Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo Qoob loo. Lub hom phiaj yog tsim kom muaj ntau yam uas yuav cog hauv ntau qhov chaw. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm hla ntawm cov noob ntawm lub Welsey thiab Jonathan ntau yam, ib tug tshiab ntau yam tau muab tawm - "Kandil Orlovsky". Kev ua haujlwm tau coj los ntawm Academician E. N. Sedov. Lub xeev tau sim pib xyoo 1997, thiab nyob rau hauv 2002 nws tau nkag mus rau hauv lub xeev register.

Txheeb raws roj ntsha

"Kandil Orlovsky" yog ntau yam nrov heev, thiab ib qho kua ntoo, piav qhia, duab thiab txheeb xyuas uas koj yuav pom hauv tsab xov xwm no, nyob hauv txhua lub caij ntuj sov.

Tsob ntoo piav qhia

Tsob ntoo muaj qhov siab qhov nruab nrab, qee zaus nws tuaj yeem loj tuaj mus txog 5 m. Dwarf hom yuav loj tshaj plaws mus txog 3 m Lub krone muaj qhov ceev nruab nrab, hauv ib daim ntawv qhia txog ib tus kheej. Cov ceg tau ncaim ntawm lub pob tw ntawm cov ces kaum.

Nws tseem ceeb heev! Ceg ntoo nrog txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog hnyav, yog li lawv tuaj yeem tawg. Yuav kom tsis txhob muaj qhov no, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog siv cov khoom uas tau muab tua tom qab sau qoob.
Lub bark ntawm tsob ntoo muaj xim xim av, tus. Kua ntoo yog qhov tsim nyog nyob rau hauv lub saw-nplhaib hom ntawm fruiting. Kolchatka yuav ua tau yooj yim lossis yooj yim.

Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo Txheej

Kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo] muaj qhov hnyav nruab nrab ntawm 120 g, tab sis qee lub sij hawm muaj cov loj loj tshaj 170 g Cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj ib qho zoo nrig, me ntsis sloping thiab me ntsis ribbed. Cov tev yog du, ci zoo. Qee lub sij hawm nws yuav pom tau ib qho kev me me ntawm cov xim dawb, tab sis dhau sij hawm nws ua oily.

Lub ntsiab xim ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog ntsuab-daj, thiab coverlip yog crimson. Blurred blush npog txog ib nrab ntawm cov kua, feem ntau ntawm nws yog expressed rau sab uas tau muab rau lub hnub.

Cov nqaij ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog mos, me ntsis grained, crunchy thiab muaj ib tug dawb tsos nqaij daim tawv, tab sis ze zog ntawm tev yog xim nyob rau hauv ib tug greenish tint. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj qab zib thiab qaub qaub thiab lub qab ntxiag zoo. Tasters cov saj ntawm apples los ntawm 4.5 ntsiab lus, thiab cov tsos sau 4.7 ntsiab lus.

Pollination

Ntau "Kandil Orlovsky" muaj ib nrab ntawm tus kheej fertility. Kua ntoo "Kandil Orlovsky" yuav muab ntau nplua nuj, yog hais tias nyob hauv cov zej zog muaj cov pollinators li "Antonovka ordinary", "Afrolita", "Venyaminovsky", "Orlik" lossis "Freshness".

Gestation lub sijhawm

Sau lub sij hawm poob rau hauv nruab nrab lub Cuaj Hli. Yog hais tias lub caij ntuj sov tsis kub, lub sij hawm yuav txav mus rau thaum xaus ntawm lub hlis.

Tawm

"Kandil" yog hais txog cov varietal ntau yam. Cov tawm los ntawm ib tug tsib-xyoos ntoo yuav ua tau ntau tshaj 100 kg, dwarf ntau yam tawm los mus txog 130 kg. Cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo txua txiv hmab txiv ntoo txhua txhua xyoo thiab tsis muaj qhov qhia tias yog periodicity.

Koj puas paub? Cov qoob loo loj tshaj plaws los ntawm ib tsob ntoo muaj 15 xyoos yog 163 kg.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo pib ripen nyob rau hauv lub 4-5 xyoo, thiab ntau yam ntses ntau tsim ib qoob loo twb nyob rau hauv lub caij 3. Tom qab 10 xyoo, yields pib poob me ntsis.

Kev thauj khoom thiab kev cia khoom

Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj kev thauj zoo. Koj tuaj yeem khaws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau 4-5 lub hlis, thiab yog tias koj tsim tej yam zoo rau lawv, lawv tuaj yeem kav txog rau thaum lub caij ntuj no.

Lub caij ntuj no hardiness

"Kandil" yog hais txog ntau hom kabmob. Tsob ntoo tuaj yeem muaj peevxwm tiv taus kub txog -35 ° C. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tuaj yeem loj hlob ua kua ntoo hauv nruab nrab.

Kab Mob thiab Kab Tsuag Kab Tsuag

Lub ntsiab zoo ntawm Candil yog muaj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob scab. Ntau yam pom nws ua tsaug rau cov noob Vf. Qhov no pub rau gardeners kom ua hauj lwm ua vaj teb kom tsawg. Txawm li cas los, ua ntej tsob ntoo pib tawg, nws yog pom zoo kom tsuag tshuaj tua kab tiv thaiv kab tsuag.

Daim ntawv thov

Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm Candil yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv high vitamin C cov ntsiab lus, yog li ntawd lawv pom zoo rau tshiab noj. Lawv tuaj yeem siv los ua cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav thiab kev ua: ua kua txiv, ua noj ua haus, jelly, wine, cider, ua jam. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm pectin pub rau ua apples, jams, jellies thiab mousse los ntawm apples.

Nws tseem ceeb heev! Ua ntej thiab tom qab fertilization, watering ntawm tsob ntoo yog yuav tsum tau. Organic chiv yuav tsum tau siv rau hauv paus pub mis, thiab pob zeb hauv av - rau kev txau cov txheej txheem.
Yam ntxwv ntawm cov tsob ntoo kua ntoo "Kandil Orlovsky" ua rau nws nkag siab txog dab tsi ntau hom. Nws muaj ntau yam zoo thiab yog ib qho ntawm ntau tshaj plaws zus.

Cov kev cai rau yuav noj qab nyob zoo seedlings

Niaj hnub no, muaj ib tug loj pes tsawg tus txoj kev uas yuav seedlings: kev ua lag luam, yug me nyuam hauv av, vaj teb chaw, Internet.

Txawm li cas los, tsis yog txhua qhov chaw koj tuaj yeem yuav cov khoom siv cog qoob loo zoo. Los ntawm kev tso ib qho kev txiav txim rau hauv Internet, koj yuav raug txais ib sapling, tsis zoo ib yam li ib qho uas tau kos duab hauv daim duab. Lub kiab khw kuj "khoob" cov khoom cog tsis zoo, thiab koj yuav tsis muaj peev xwm xyuas cov xwm txheej ntawm cov hauv paus hniav, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb thaum koj muas.

Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los mus ntsib ib lub chaw zov me nyuam los yog chaw ua si. Qhov zoo ntawm kev kis tau ib tsob ntoo nyob rau hauv xws li qhov chaw yog tias seedling yog dug tawm ntawm koj, yuav tshem tawm tsis tseem ceeb foliage thiab txheej txheem hauv paus system nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb sib tov. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem tau txais tswv yim pab tswv yim txog kev cog thiab kev tu cov ntoo. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom ua tib zoo xyuas cov keeb kwm ntawm tsob ntoo. Feem ntau, koj yuav tsum pom muaj zog, khov thiab zoo li keeb kwm. Yuav tsum tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lawv. Koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas seb lawv puas qhuav rau hauv txoj kev no: ua rau khawb me rau ntawm qaum, yog tias dawb taws tshwm - cov hauv paus hniav yog qhov zoo.

On hauv paus system muaj yuav tsum tsis muaj rot thiab moldy me ntsis. Qhov zoo qhov siab ntawm seedling yog 1.5 m, lub pob tw yog txawm, muaj txog 5 ceg, lub bark yog si tauv. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob xaiv ib lub sapling raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus "qhov ntau, qhov zoo dua", txij li thaum lawv siv ntau heev rather. Tam sim no koj paub yuav ua li cas xaiv kua seedlings.

Cog Kua seedlings

Ua ntej pib ntawm cog, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los kawm txog cov txheej txheem ntawm txoj kev ua no. Peb xav kom tau cov neeg txawj ntse nrog lawv.

Lub sijhawm zoo

Lub sij hawm qib siab rau cog seedlings yog Autumn. Nws tsis tas yuav ncua qhov kev tshwm sim no mus txog rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thaum kub ntws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov kua ntoo thiab tsim teeb meem nrog nws cov kev txhim kho ntxiv thiab tawm los.

Qhov chaw xaiv

Qhov chaw cog tsob ntoo yuav tsum raug xaiv kom zoo heev. Peb pom zoo kom ua raws li cov lus qhia no:

  • Xaiv qhov chaw uas muaj teeb pom kev zoo. Qhov no yuav txo tau cov suab thaj ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab tiv thaiv kom txhob muaj qaug hauv cov qoob loo.
Koj puas paub? Txhob tsis quav ntsej cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo - lawv muaj cov vitamins ntau dua thiab cov as-ham dua cov txiv apples loj loj.
  • Stagnation ntawm dej muaj ib tug phem ntxim rau ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm seedlings. Yog hais tias nws tsis tau cog tsob ntoo hauv thaj tsam li ib txwm, thiab koj xav tias qhov dej tau qaub ncaug, nws tsim nyog los tsim ib qho kua dej tshwj xeeb. Lwm qhov kev xaiv yog cog tsob ntoo saum toj. Yog hais tias koj tsis noj nyiaj rau cov tswv yim no, koj yuav raug lub ntsej muag qaug zog ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab nws txoj kev tuag.
  • Xaiv ib qho chaw uas hlob ze ntawm tsob ntoo nrog paj ntoos (hom phiaj zoo ib yam, ib yam li kua ntoo). Qhov no yuav pab ua kom nce qoob loo.
  • Rau cog "Candil Orlovsky" yuav tsum muaj noo noo-absorbing thiab breathable av. Zoo loamy, av xuab zeb thiab dub av. Yog hais tias txhua xyoo fertilization yog ensured, tsob ntoo yuav cog rau sandy av.
Av acidity kuj tseem ceeb: nws qib yuav tsum yog pH 5.6-6.0.

Stepwise tsaws txheej txheem

Cov txheej txheem rau cog ib qho kua txiv yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawm cov kauj ruam. Peb xav kom tau cov neeg txawj ntse nrog nws:

  1. Ua ntej tshaj, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los npaj cov pits ua ntej. Cov dav yuav tsum yog li 80 cm, tob - 1 m. Qhov kev npaj ua ntej yog tsim nyog rau lub ntiaj teb kom khom me ntsis. Feem ntau txoj haujlwm no yog ua tiav 1 lub hlis ua ntej yuav poob rau.
  2. Yog tias koj xaiv ib qho chaw uas muaj cov dej ntws los ntawm cov dej, ua kua: koj yuav tsum tau muab cov dej tso rau hauv lub qhov tob txog 1.5 m thiab sau nrog lub tshuab pov npoo.
  3. Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum tau tsav tsheb npav cia rau hauv lub qhov taub.
  4. Nco ntsoov fertilize lub teb chaws. Ua li no, koj tuaj yeem siv cov khaub ncaws saum toj kawg nkaus los ntawm peat, humus los yog pob zeb hauv av chiv.
  5. Ces ncaj qha av. Ncaj lub keeb kwm ntawm tsob ntoo thiab me ntsis drown nws nyob rau hauv lub qhov. Txawm li cas los, tsis txhob khawb lawv dhau lawm: lub hauv paus caj dab yuav tsum nyob rau hauv 7 cm siab tshaj qhov av.
  6. Muab ntim rau ib lub phom.
  7. Nws yog tsim nyog los khawb ib lub qhov nyob ib ncig ntawm lub pob tw - lub pob tw qhov taub. Nws yog tsim nyog rau qhov yooj yim ntawm watering. Nyob rau hauv lub qhov, mulch cov av.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Thaum cog tsob ntoo yuav tsum zam cov cheeb tsam nrog av. Yam tsawg kawg ntawm qhov tso tawm mus rau hauv av yog 2 m.
Yog tias koj npaj yuav cog qoob ntoo ntau ib zaug, koj yuav tsum lo rau ib qho tswv yim. Thaum cog ntoo nyob hauv chaotic, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lawv yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg 3 m, hom phiaj 5 m. Txawm li cas los xij, nws pom zoo kom cog cov ntoo hauv ib kab - ces qhov deb yuav txo tau mus rau 1.5-2 m. Cov tswv yim "Ib Leeg" yuav cawm tau cov ntoo ntawm cov tsis muaj kev noj haus, raws li lawv cov hauv paus kev tsim muaj peev xwm tsim nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si kev qhia rau ib qho kev tsis sib haum. Nws kuj tseem pom zoo kom tsim kom muaj ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm txoj kev uas tus duab ntxoo ntawm tsob ntoo tsis tshwm rau tsob ntoo uas nyob ze ntawm tsob nroj uas nyob ib sab.

Lub caij ntu saib xyuas

Hauv kev txiav txim siab rau tsob ntoo kua ntoo kom muab qoob zoo, tsim thiab tsis txhob raug mob, koj yuav tsum tau tu nws.

Watering

Dej "Kandil Orlovsky" raug pom zoo ib zaug ib lub lim tiam. Ib tus neeg laus yuav tsum muaj 2 thoob dej txhua lub sijhawm. Nws yog zoo dua mus ua txhaum lub watering: ncuav ib lub thoob rau hauv aub tsiv thaum sawv ntxov thiab lub thib ob nyob rau hauv thaum yav tsaus ntuj. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws rau kev saib xyuas dej txoj hauv kev rau lub caij sov sov lub caij ntuj sov. Lub sijhawm no, "Kandil" pib dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab buds tshwm tuaj rau ntawm cov ceg, sib sau qoob loo rau xyoo tom ntej. Yog tias ya raws tsis txaus, nws ua tau kom txo qoob loo ob qho tib si rau xyoo tam sim no thiab xyoo tom ntej. Txhob haus dej hauv lub Yim Hli. Feem ntau cov dej tua tau nyob ntawm huab cua.

Txhua lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj nws cov txuj ci ua si - raentes, Melba, Sinap Orlovsky, Semerenko, Nedzwetskogo, Uralets, Imrus, Pepin saffron, Thawj Tswj Hwm, Kab, Cinnamon striped - tab sis, yog hais tias lawv ua raws li koj muaj peev xwm txaus siab rau ntau yam flavors thiab ib tug nplua nuj kua sau.

Mulching

Kev ua mulching yog qhov tseem ceeb heev thaum tu ib tsob ntoo. Ib txheej ntawm mulch ntawm 5 cm, them rau hauv lub qhov, yuav tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm weeds, thiab tseem yuav khaws noo noo. Tsis tas li ntawd, ua tsaug rau mulching cov av yuav tsum khaws cia nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev xoob, thiab lub hnub lub rays yuav thaws rov los. Mulch av contributes rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm adventitious keeb kwm, uas muaj ib tug zoo zoo rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tsob ntoo. Rau cov txheej txheem mulching, nws yog pom zoo kom siv rotted koob, bark, straw los yog sawdust.

Fertilization

Fertilizer yog pom zoo nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm cog, organic chiv yog feem ntau siv (5-15 kg / sq. M). Yog hais tias koj xav siv pob zeb hauv av chiv, urea (500 g) los yog ammonium nitrate thiab nitroammophoska yuav ua.

Koj puas paub? Kua pom zoo ua cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv xeev New York thiab Washington.

Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg Autumn, fertilizer kuj yuav thov, tab sis tsuas yog nitrogen-dawb. Yog hais tias cov nroj tsuag cog rau tus nplua nuj av, dhau lawm feem ntau koj yuav tsum tsis fertilize lub teb chaws, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cog on pluag av koj yuav tsum ua sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws txhua xyoo.

Tua tawm tsam kab mob thiab kab tsuag

Yog tias "Kandil" tau tawm tsam kab tsuag lossis kab mob, nws tseem ceeb heev kom hlawv cov nplooj thiab ceg ntoo raug puas tsuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los nqa tawm spraying nrog kev siv cov tshuaj tua kab. Yuav kom tiv thaiv tau qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob thiab reproduction ntawm kab tsuag, nws yog pom zoo:

  • nrog rau tuaj txog ntawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav pruning ntawm qhuav thiab diseased ceg;
  • tshem cov tawv ntoo tuag, lub qaib thiab ntxhuav ntawm pob tw;
  • nqa ib qho kev dai khaub ncaws rau ib qho kua-ntoo ntawm trapping tus menyuam;
  • sau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo poob thiab puas txiv txhua hnub.
Tsob ntoo muaj kab mob tsis zoo thiab tsis tshua muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm cov kab mob fungal. Feem ntau, canlil yuav tawm tsam los ntawm kev ua kua ntoo kab, aphid los yog sawfly.

Pruning

Kev ua tau zoo ua ntej, koj tuaj yeem kho cov qoob loo thiab cov suab thaj, qhov loj ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab tiv thaiv tsob ntoo los ntawm ntau yam kab mob. Peb pom zoo kom siv cov tswv yim pab:

  • Cog ib qho kua ntoo, koj yuav tsum tau txiav cov ceg ntoo los ntawm ib feem peb. Qhov no yuav pab txhawb qhov kev tso ntawm tus yas.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Koj tuaj yeem tsis txiav sai heev ntawm cov ceg ntoo los ntawm ib tsob ntoo. Tus nqi ntawm kev txiav tua yuav tsum tsis pub dhau ¼ ntawm tag nrho cov pawg.
  • Pruning yuav tsum tau ua txhua txhua xyoo nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav, ua ntej buds pib blossom.
  • Yog hais tias tag nrho pruning yog ua, tus ceg yuav tsum tau txiav nyob rau ntawm lub hauv paus heev.
Pruning yuav tsum tau nqa tawm ncaj qha raws li cov cai, qhov nkaus xwb uas koj tuaj yeem ua tiav siab yields thiab cog qoob loo zoo.

Npaj rau lub caij ntuj no

Nrog rau pib ntawm theem, lub "Zelenushkas" yuav tsum tau txiav tawm ib nrab ntawm cov sau, xaiv tsuas yog pw txiv hmab txiv ntoo, uas yog ob peb centimeters nyob rau hauv loj. Xws li tus txheej txheem hu ua "yield regulation". Tsaug rau nws, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav muaj qhov loj loj, lawv yuav ua sweeter hauv saj. Nws tseem yuav pab tau cov kua ntoo los npaj rau lub caij ntuj no.

Thaum npaj rau lub caij ntuj no, nws yog pom zoo kom qhwv lub shtamb nrog kev pab los ntawm npog cov ntaub ntawv los yog nylon pantyhose. Tej khoom uas kis dej thiab cua yuav ua.

Koj puas paub? Lub kua muaj tonic zog: hloov ib khob kas fes nrog ib tug txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab koj tam sim ntawd xav tias muaj zog ntawm lub zog thiab kev loj hlob.
Dua li ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias "Kandil" yog hais txog cov cua-resistant ntau yam, thiaj li tiv thaiv cov nroj tsuag ntawm Frost, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los nqa tawm nws mulching nrog nees humus nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub qhov. "Kandil Orlovsky" yog ib tug six thiab unpretentious ntau yam ntawm apples, uas, nrog tu, muab ib tug kuj zoo kawg thiab sau. Ua tsaug rau lub qab ntxiag saj ntawm lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo, koj yuav siv tau lawv tshiab thiab npaj ntau ntawm kev npaj rau lub caij ntuj no.