Xws li txiv hmab txiv ntoo Pearls: Pink, Dawb, Dub thiab Clogs

Pearls yeej ib txwm fascinated cov neeg nrog rau kev zoo nkauj ntawm glowing niam ntawm pearl thiab paub tsis meej ntawm lawv cov tsos ntawm tis ntawm marine mollusks.

Pearls (ib qho dhau los ntawm lo lus) tsis zoo rau lub ntiaj teb kev zoo nkauj - "cov hniav zoo li pearls", los yog kev xav ntawm kev xav - "pearls ntawm kev hais lus, pearls ntawm wit."

Tsis ceeb, ib qho ntawm ntau lub rooj txiv hmab, nyob rau hauv kev pom zoo ntawm nws muaj nqis, yog lub npe hu ua "Rearls" los yog "Pearls".

Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo Pearls

1. Luv lub sij hawm ntawm ripening (100 hnub los ntawm thaum pib ntawm lub caij loj hlob).
2. Qhov nce nyob rau hauv tawm los vim yog lub ripening ntawm txhuam rau ntawm stepsons.
3. Muscat saj ntawm me me qab zib berries ntawm me ntsis whitish ntxoov ntxoo.
4. Drought tolerance thiab frost kam rau ua (hauv qab hau).
5. Yav tom ntej yug me nyuam cov khoom muaj nqis.
6. Universality ntawm kev siv txiv hmab txiv ntoo.

Muscovite Pleven, Aladdin thiab Valery Voevoda kuj muaj cov dej qab muscat.

Raws li ntau yam ntawm Western European pawg "Zhemchug", nws ua rau ntau thoob plaws nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm lub Ntiaj Teb Qub thiab nyob rau hauv lub qub grape regions ntawm tsarist thiab Soviet Russia - Moldova, Transcarpathia, thiab Odessa cheeb tsam.

Yog li ntawd, ua tib zoo sau ua npe ntawm cov npe, uas tau muab rau nws nyob hauv ntau thaj chaw:

• nyob rau hauv Transcarpathia - "Pearl Chaba" ("Shepherd's Necklace"), "Pearl ntawm Chabansk";
• nyob rau hauv Moldova - Pearl de Chaba, Pearl Xaba, Muscat Xaba;
• nyob rau hauv Bulgaria - Pearl de Xaba, Pearl de Saba;
• nyob rau hauv Romania - Perla de Chaba, Tamayoz Chaba;
• nyob rau hauv Hungary (lub tsev ntawm ntau yam) - "Muscat Pearl Chaba", "Chaba gengy", "Chaba Dandye", "Stark Seedling".

Nthuav: Muaj ntau lub npe rau ntau yam yog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj hlob tuaj, tab sis qhov no ua rau qee qhov tsis meej pem. Cov npe yog muab los ntawm ob leeg yug tsiaj txhu (thaum lub sij hawm sau npe) thiab cov amateurs - raws lawv tus kheej lub koom haum.

Qee zaus paub cov npe rau cov hom phiaj coj mus muag yuav hloov los ntawm cov sawv daws muaj kev xav ntau, hinting ntawm lub elitism ntawm lub hauv paus pib ntawm ntau yam. Tam sim no, lub computer bank ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo grape (20,000 hom) tau tsim los kom pom tseeb ntau yam.

Kev yug me nyuam yav dhau los

Ib lub rooj zoo siab ntau yam dawb nutmeg tshwm rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub teb chaws Hungary thiab winemaking. Nyob ze ntawm lub nroog me me nyob rau sab qab teb, uas tau ceev faj txog kev cai Ottoman txoj cai nyob rau hauv nws lub npe, Bekescsaba.

Cov lus qhuab qhia kuj yog ntau hom Karmakod, Ataman Pavlyuk thiab Delight Dawb.

Nws ntseeg hais tias lub npe ntawm ib tug txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam - "Chaba" - tau tsim los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov toponym, thiab lub whitishness ntawm berries pom tias yog ib lub koom haum nrog ib tug pearl-puab pea - "Pearl Chaba".

Hloov thaum nws mus rau teb chaws Russia (txij li xyoo 1909), lub npe tau tawm hauv paus txoj kev Lavxias teb sab - zoo li "Pearls of Saba" los yog "Dawb Pearls" txiv hmab txiv ntoo.

Raws li nws, ntau yam tuaj nyob rau hauv 1950 rau lub Xeev Register thiab tau pom zoo rau cultivation hauv thaj tsam ntawm North Caucasus, lub Lower Volga, muaj cai mus txog Saratov. Tam sim no cov txheeb ze ntawm cov European qhua yog mastering lub teb ntawm Siberia, vim hais tias lawv muaj ib qho tseem ceeb Frost tsis kam (txog li - 25-30 ° C) nyob rau hauv lub climatic tej yam kev mob ntawm peb lub teb chaws.

Tsim tsa cov niam txiv ntawm "Pearl":

"Muscat Hungarian" - Tshaj tawm ntau xyoo Eastern Mediterranean ntau hom ntoo txiv ntoo, nrog rau cov ntsiab lus qab zib thiab nutmeg saj (zoo zoo), uas ua rau nws nrov nyob rau hauv teb koj chaw rau cov khoom noj khoom haus wines.

"Muscat Ottonel" (txawm) - txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm French varietal sau los ntawm lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb, kom muaj ntau dua nyob hauv "Pearl" genetic affinity. Txawm hais tias nws yog tsis paub rau tej yam noob cov Hungarian breeder sowed nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm tsim "Pearl".

Ntau yam piav qhia

1. Lub shrub yog qaug zog los yog nruab nrab vigorous (nrog nrog ib nrab tua yub), nrog ib tug zoo-ripening, ncaj khoom vine. Nws pom tias phab ntsa kab lis kev cai, muab cog rau ntawm ib lub cev lossis hauv kiv cua.

   Tsis kam txais tshaj. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripen nyob rau hauv thawj lub lim tiam ntawm lub yim hli ntuj, qhov siv ntawm fruiting tua yog 85%, tawm los yog nruab nrab, nyob ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm Bush, uas ua rau xaiv ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws clones zoo, nrog dej nws yog 100 kg / Ha.

   Cov qoob loo tawm ntawm cov ntoo tom qab laus laus poob nws cov neeg siv khoom zoo, yuav tsum tau txuag qhov muag, raws li nws yog kis tau tus kab mob los ntawm cov kab mob putrefactive. Nws prefers dub grey loam thiab chernozem,
   Frost resistant

2. Nplooj - lub teeb ntsuab. Nrog weakly expressed hniav qauv thiab jagged ntug, tsis ntau tshaj li qhov nruab nrab, nrog ib qho chaw nti ntsws thiab lub ntug ntawm sab nraud.
3. Paj - me me, sau nyob rau hauv ib tug txhuam, bisexual.
4. Cov pawg yog cov nruab nrab ntom nti, tej zaum kuj yog qhov txuam, ntawm conical zoo nrog ib tug luv ntsis comb, me me nyob rau hauv loj, weighing li 500g.
5. Berries - me me (tsis pub ntau tshaj 2g), lub teeb-ntsuab nyob rau hauv cov xim, nrog cov ntsiab lus whitish tawv nqaij; thaum paub tab, lawv tau ib tus zais golden los yog pinkish.

   Qhov tsub zuj zus ntawm qab zib - 20%, kua qaub -7g / l (vitamin C), ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog nyias nrog ib lub zog tsis muaj zog ntawm lub plhaub, yooj yim sib cais los ntawm lub pulp. Cov nqaij yog xim tsis muaj, lub noob (1-2) yog me me. Lub saj yog mos, balanced, nrog los ntawm nutmeg tsw; nyob rau lub tasting nplai - 7.6 ntsiab lus.

Balanced saj tseem khwv tau Svetlana, Strasensky thiab Liana.

Obvious disadvantages ntawm no ntau yam:

1. Nta ntawm cov berries cuam tshuam qhov tsis tshua muaj transportability ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm untimely harvesting ntawm qoob loo, tag nrho poob ntawm tus neeg siv khoom zoo tiag tiag.
2. Cov huab cua ntub ua rau tawg ntawm berries thiab to taub ntawm kua txiv.
3. Cov tawv nqaij nyias nyias ua rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo nkauj rau cov noog qus.
4. Tsawg bushes tsis haum rau high kev txhawb nqa thiab npas arbors.

Diam duab

Cov duab ntawm cov txiv hmab "Pearls Sabot":

Saib cov duab yeeb yaj kiab ntawm Pearl Clogs ntau yam:

Cov ntaub ntawv Hybrid

Raws li nyob rau hauv qhov ntawm pearls, grapes nrog lub npe no yuav dawb, liab dawb thiab dub. Tag nrho cov no yog cov ntaub ntawv tshiab ua kom tau zoo rau kev txhim kho niam txiv tus cwj pwm.

1. Txiv quav ntswv nyoos Pearl.

   Qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev xaiv ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb los ntawm Scientific Research Institute ntawm Academy of Agricultural Sciences ntawm Michurinsk. Qhov no yog thawj daim ntawv cog lus ntawm "Saba Pearls" nyob thoob plaws lub tebchaws.

   Lub ntsiab zoo ntawm tus tshiab hybrid yog: nce lub caij ntuj no hardiness rau -30 ° C thiab txo kev ruaj khov rau fungal kab mob, ntau lub hom phiaj.

   Nta: cov xeeb txawm los ntawm kev loj hlob nruab nrab thiab thaum ntxov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripening (120 hnub). Cov hauj lwm zoo ntawm fruiting tua - 85%. Optimum load - 45 lub qhov muag, liab dawb ntawm berries thiab ua hauj lwm raws li qhov yog vim li cas rau xaiv lub uas muaj npe ntawm ntau yam.

   Tus thawj saj thiab zoo ntawm daim tawv nqaij ua grapes ib tug sawv cev ntawm tus qauv ntawm lub rooj ntau yam, cov ntsiab lus qab zib yog txog li 26%, lub acidity yog mus txog 9g / l. Qhov nruab nrab sau yog 100kg / his, tus tawm los nce nrog txhua xyoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag lub neej, ncav siab tshaj plaws ntawm 5 xyoo. Pawg hnyav nce mus txog 0,5 kg, cov tub ntxhais hluas tua zoo zoo dua rau cov dej khov. Lub caij ntuj no tuaj yeem tau txoj cai rau ntawm lub trellis, muaj kev txo qis rau -40 ° C.

   Kev txhim kho txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo tuaj. Txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tawm tsam loj kab mob loj. Siv cov khoom noj tshiab, tsim cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab lub teeb cawv.

Ntawm qhov ntau yam siv rau cawu cub ntau tseem kuj Saperavi, Riesling thiab Montepulciano.

Nws tseem ceeb heev: Muaj ntau yam zoo rau kev hnav khaub ncaws thiab dej haus. Nrog rau kev ua kom pom kev ua liaj ua teb, cov qoob loo thiab cov neeg siv khoom noj kom loj hlob tuaj.
2. Crimean Pearl - rooj dawb ntau yam ntawm Crimean xaiv (Magarach). Nrog "Pearls Saba" tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo. Muaj khoom noj nyob hauv 1957.

   Qhov sib txawv yog pom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug loj nplooj (heev dissected), nyob rau hauv qhov loj ntawm lub berries ncav ib tug qhov ceeb thawj ntawm 5g., Cov xim ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab pulp yog lub teeb ntsuab. Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm fruiting yog 78%, tawm los yog siab (txog 150 c / Ha).

   Cov duab ntawm txhuam yog conical, qhov nyhav ntawm txhuam yog txog li 300 gram, qhov xam pom ntawm hav zoov yog 30 lub qhov muag. Nws yog rau npog hom txiv hmab txiv ntoo, muaj tsawg tsis kam mus rau cov kab mob.

3. Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo Dub Pearl. Qhov no ntau - kev xaiv xaiv VNIIViV lawv. Potapenko. Cov niam txiv: ib tug hybrid ntawm Amur thiab Augusta ntau yam, ib tug hybrid ntawm Levokumsky thiab Centaur Magarach. Sau npe nyob rau hauv lub Xeev Sau rau xyoo 2005.

   Nta: kev loj hlob muaj zog ntawm Bush, yog tsim on ob lub xub pwg ntawm ib qhov siab ntawm 1 meter. Rooting tus nqi yog siab.

   Thaum ntxov thiab nruab nrab ripening lub sij hawm, tawm los mus txog 130 kg / Ha. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws load on Bush - 17 ob lub qhov muag, ntom pawg supplemented nrog tis. Cov fleshy berries yog me ntsis oval, tsaus xiav, nrog colorless nqaij, teej tug mus rau nutmeg ntau yam tshwm sim nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv ib tug persistent aroma.

   Cov kua qab ntsev yog siab (li 24%), acids - 7gr / l, kev soj ntsuam ntawm lub rooj noj qab haus cawv raws li lub nplaum taum - 7.6, cov khoom noj qab zib seasoned - 9.0. Mildew raug mob - 2 ntsiab lus, lub caij ntuj no hardiness -26®С.

Nthuav: Nyob rau hauv Tim Nkij teb, lub tsiab peb caug yeej pib nrog peb qho tseem ceeb: rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov neeg tam sim no, nco txog cov phooj ywg uas tsis nyob ntawd, kom lub yeeb koob ntawm cov vajtswv.

Kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam kab laug sab

Nrog swb ntawm ib tug kab laug sab mite, cov nroj tsuag poob tawm lub functionality ntawm nplooj raws li ib tug mechanism rau photosynthesis. Cov kab xau nqus tawm cov kua txiv hmab tawm ntawm cov tua thiab tshuaj lom nws nrog tshuaj lom ntawm lawv cov qaub ncaug.

Tus qauv ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog deformed, lub nplooj curl thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg. Cov txhawb nqa ntawm kab tsuag yog cov nroj tsuag ntawm lub tsev loj - nroj, uas lawv tsiv mus rau vineyards, thiab kub, qhuav huab cua.

Rau grapes yog Attendance txaus ntshai:

• lub mite yog liab, uas nws lub web yog tsawg ntom, thiab liab Bloom los ntawm lub colonies ntawm kab tshwm nyob rau lub pob hlav ntawm vine;
• hom kab laug sab - muaj ib lub paj taub ntawm cov txiv kab ntxwv;
• kab laug sab lub hornbeam - pojniam teem caij wintering cai rau ntawm bark ntawm Bush.

Kev ntsuas kev ntsuas:

1. Txaus nyiam cov yeeb ncuab ntuj ntawm zuam: cowbugs, flower bugs.
2. Meej cov vaj txiv hmab kom tshem cov nroj.
3. Kev kho mob ntawm bushes ua ntej pib ntawm lub caij loj hlob thiab 2 lub lis piam tom qab - nrog nitrophen, rohor, fosalon, lwm yam zoo li nrog rau alternating fungicides kom tsis txhob muaj kev tiv thaiv pheej nyob hauv cov zuam.
4. Pruning thiab hlawv ntawm cov kab mob muaj kab mob ntawm cov tawv ntoo.

Vineyard puas muaj peev xwm ua rau 30 hom mites. Hom mus rau lawv yog lub loj qe tso rau ntawm cov tawv ntoo nyob ze ntawm lub khauj khaum. Yog li ntawd, lub bushes yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam kom txheeb xyuas kom pom cov cab.

Peb kuj xav kom koj paub koj tus kheej nrog rau cov cim thiab cov qauv ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm hom kab mob xws li anthracnose, chlorosis, bacteriosis, mildew thiab oidium, thiab kab mob cancer. Cov lus qhia txog lawv koj tuaj yeem nyeem hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus neeg ntawd.

Tag nrho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrog cov menyuamuas nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm lo lus "pearls" yuav twv yuav raug hu kom koj cov khoom muaj nqis ntawm cov nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv lub vaj teb, txawm nplai.