Thaum cog qoob loo thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntoo, fertilizing yog indispensable. Lub nplua nuj ntawm cov qoob loo nyob ntawm seb ib qho ntawm ntau yam, tab sis cov zaub mov muaj nqis ntawm cov av yog deb ntawm qhov chaw kawg. Ib qho ntawm feem nrov thiab zoo chiv yog nitroammofoska - ib tug zoo zoo ua fertilizer muaj ib zaug peb pab Cheebtsam: nitrogen, phosphorus thiab poov tshuaj. Feem ntau, lub cuab yeej siv los ua ib qho pre-sowing los yog pib chiv rau tag nrho cov hom av thiab rau ntau yam ntawm cov qoob loo. Tej zaum qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau chernozem thiab grey lub ntiaj teb xau yog siv cov lus sib xyaw rau cov av thaum lub caij dej, tab sis ntau hom nitroammofoski hom ua hnub no ua rau nws xaiv tau chiv ib tus zuj zus, kev suav rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hom av thiab cov kev xav tau ntawm cov qoob loo cog rau lawv.
Txawm li cas los, hais txog nitroammofosk, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, koj yuav tsum tau paub koj tus kheej nrog nws cov yam ntxwv, vim hais tias tsis paub txog nws cov nta thiab kev cai ntawm kev siv, kev siv ntawm lub cuab tam tau yooj yim ua rau koj cov nroj tsuag.
Nitroammofosk: hauj lwm thiab kev tuaj yeem ntawm fertilizer
Cov ntsiab lus hauv nitroammofosk (NH4H2PO4 + NH4NO3 + KCL) ntawm peb lub ntsiab (nitrogen, phosphorus thiab potassium), uas tsim nyog rau ib tsob nroj rau kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm ntau theem ntawm lub neej, ua tus cuab tam tam sim no nyob rau tam sim no. Yeej, cov tshuaj siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv kua raws li ib tug foliar pub rau vaj teb thiab vaj teb cov qoob loo.
Koj puas paub? Ntxiv rau nitroammofoski, nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub ua lag luam koj yuav pom ib tug zoo heev tshaj plaws ntawm nitroammophos, txawm hais tias yog hais tias yog koj ua tib zoo nyeem no fertilizer thiab kawm nws cov lus qhia rau kev siv, nws ua kom meej tias cov no yog sib txawv tshuaj. Nyob rau hauv qhov kawg rooj plaub, lub composition ntawm fertilizer tsis muaj poov tshuaj, thiab qhov ratio ntawm nitrogen thiab phosphorus yog sib txawv rau ntau qib (piv txwv li, rau A - qhov no yog 23% txhua, thiab nyob qib B - 16% nitrogen thiab 24% phosphorus).
Nyob hauv nitroammoposka, potassium thiab nitrogen muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv yooj yim soluble compounds, thiab phosphorus (ib nrab) nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm dicalcium phosphate, uas, txawm tias tsis soluble hauv dej, nyob kiag li nkag mus rau cov nroj tsuag, thiab ib nrab hauv daim ntawv ntawm dej-soluble ammonium phosphate thiab mono-calcium phosphate. Vim yog hloov ntawm cov txheej txheem cov txheej txheem ntawm cov txheej txheem, tus nqi ntawm citrate-soluble thiab dej-soluble phosphorus yuav txawv. Piv txwv li, tsis muaj dej-soluble phosphorus nyob rau hauv carbonate nitroammophosca nyob rau hauv tag nrho, uas yog vim li no hom fertilizer yuav siv tau raws li lub ntsiab nkaus xwb on acidic xau.Nws tseem ceeb heev! Lub ntsiab ntawm nitroammofosca Ca (H2PO4) 2, uas yog tso tawm hauv nws cov lus qhia los ntawm kev sib xyaw, zoo heev nyob rau hauv nitric acid, uas tso cai rau phosphorus kom sai sai tawm ntawm cov hom tsiaj thiab siv ib daim ntawv yooj yim dua rau cov khoom noj khoom haus (qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj tawm txog cov nqi ntawm cov kev ua chiv) .Ua ntej koj nkag siab yuav ua li cas thov fertilizer nitroammofosku, nws yuav pab tau kom nkag siab nrog nws cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias qhov no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tsis muaj kev phom sij, ua rau tsis muaj teeb meem tawg thiab toxicity, tab sis thaum tib lub sij hawm nws yog qhov uas muaj cov khoom hluav taws kub hnyav thiab lub hwj chim (airgel ignition temperature yog + 490 ... +520 ° C). Ntawm qhov kub ntawm +900 ° C, nitroammophoska tsis tuaj yeem hlawv kub nyhiab hauv qhov cub.
Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev tshem tawm huab cua tsis tawg thiab tsis thab thaum nws nkag mus hauv lub taub hau (txog li +1000 ° C). Nitroammofoska yog ib tus neeg tsis muaj zog oxidizing, uas tib lub sij hawm tuaj yeem qhib qhov kub ntawm cov tshuaj kub ntawm qhov kub indices ntawm 800 ... + 900 ° C. Nws yog cov kua dej ntau hauv cov dej, tsis muaj ballast thiab tuaj yeem ua ke mus txog 55% ntawm cov as-ham. Yog li, summing tag nrho cov saum no, nws yog yooj yim pom tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm potassium, phosphorus thiab nitrogen hauv ntau hom nitroammophoses yog li 51%, thiab tag nrho cov tshuaj yog nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv uas yooj yim mus siv tau rau cov nroj tsuag thiab yog zoo absorbed by lawv. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, cov txiaj ntsim ntawm cov tshuaj yog nyob rau theem ntawm mixtures ntawm cov pa dej-soluble chiv.
Koj puas paub? Phosphorus-muaj cov tshuaj (tshwj tsis yog tias CaNH4PO4) kuj siv rau hauv cov zaub mov. Piv txwv li, dicalcium phosphate yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau cov khoom noj nyob hauv cov nqaij qaib ua teb thiab tsiaj husbandry, thiab monocalcium phosphate siv tsis yog nyob hauv kev ua liaj teb xwb, tab sis kuj nyob hauv cov zaub mov ua noj (xws li cov hmoov ci rau mov paj).
Nta ntawm kev siv cov nitroammofoski ntawm lub vaj teb cuab ntxhiab
Cov ntxhia chiv tau zoo siv hauv kev ua liaj ua teb rau ntau tshaj li kaum xyoo, tab sis ntau tus gardeners hnub no yog ceev faj ntawm nitroammofoska, vim lawv ntseeg hais tias nws pab nitrates kom tau zoo nyob rau hauv cov khoom qoob loo. Rau qee qhov yog lawv txoj cai, vim tias yog tias siv cov chiv quav kom txog thaum xaus ntawm lub caij cog qoob loo ntawm cov nroj tsuag, ces cov khoom siv tshuaj yuav cia nyob hauv nws cov ntaub so ntswg. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj tso tseg nitroammofoski ua ntej, cov nitrate residue hauv cov qoob loo uas tau qoob loo yuav nyob rau hauv qhov ntau.
Koj puas paub? Nitrates muaj nyob hauv cov pob zeb hauv av chiv, tsuas yog hauv cov organic chiv, yog li ntawd, tsis ua raws li kev siv tshuaj los ntawm lub khw yuav ua rau zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau dua li siv tshuaj ntxhiab ntau.
Qhov pom zoo npaum li cas ntawm fertilizer tej zaum yuav txawv, vim nws nyob ntawm seb cov nroj tsuag ntawm lub sij hawm, lub sij hawm ntawm lwm cov muab kev pab cuam thiab hom av. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, nws yog nqi soj ntsuam nrog cov lus qhia ua ntej los laij cov qib siab ntawm nitroammofoski thaum siv, piv txwv li, rau qos yaj ywm, txiv lws suav los yog txiv hmab. Cov khoom siv chiv (siv me me) yuav siv rau cov foliar fertilizing ntawm zaub, txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo nroj tsuag (1-2 tablespoons ntawm granules yog diluted nyob rau hauv 10 liv dej sov, tom qab uas lub resulting composition yog sprayed on nroj tsuag). Tom qab thov nitroammofoski hauv thaj chaw ua si, nco ntsoov tias cov dej tua nroj tsuag zoo los ntawm txoj hlab dej, vim tias txawm tias zoo-lim dej nitroammofoska, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv siv foliar hauv qee txoj kev ua raws li kev poob siab rau kev cog qoob loo.Kev siv cov nitroammofoski nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov chiv rau horticultural qoob loo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum siv qhov composition ntawm kev zoo ntawm txiv lws suav, muaj ib tug zoo kho on nroj tsuag: lawv txom nyem tsawg ntawm paus thiab qia rot, scab, thiab phytophthora. Txawm li cas los xij, nws muaj peev xwm pub lawv noj xws li chiv tsis tshaj li ob zaug ntawm ib lub caij, thawj zaug NPK raug nquahu kom siv 16:16:16, thiab zaum thib ob - noj khoom noj thaum lub caij cog txiv hmab txiv ntoo (hauv qhov no nws yog pom zoo siv lub npe nrog ntau npaum cov potassium muaj pes tsawg leeg). Lub caij no yog lub luag hauj lwm rau cov khoom noj ntawm cov suab thaj, uas ua rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau qab zib rau qhov saj.
Yuav ua li cas thov nitroammofosku: kev cai fertilization rau txawv nroj tsuag
Raws li kev siv lwm yam tshuaj, ua ntej fertilizing txiv lws suav, qos yaj ywm los yog horticulture cov qoob loo nrog nitroammophotic, nco ntsoov nyeem cov lus qhia rau kev siv ntawm cov kab txawv. Dua li ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias lub cuab tam nws tus kheej tau tsim muaj qhov sib piv ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb (potassium, nitrogen thiab phosphorus), cov av nta thiab cov kev xav tau ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog ib txwm tus neeg, uas txhais tau hais tias thaum siv nitroammofoski nws yog feem ntau tsim nyog yuav tau kho cov ntxhuav tshuav ntawm ntxiv rau kev siv ntau yam yooj yim chiv.
Thaum siv cov tshuaj qis dua, cov nroj tsuag yuav tsis muaj hom kab keeb, uas thaum kawg yuav ua rau tuaj lig maturation ntawm qoob loo thiab deterioration ntawm nws zoo. Ntawm qhov tod tes, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob overdo nws, vim tias qhov ntau ntawm cov as-ham yuav txov tag nrho qoob loo. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tus naj npawb ntawm nitroammofoski rau siv nyob rau hauv lub vaj teb thiab nyob rau hauv lub vaj teb yuav txawv, raws li tau zoo raws li lub fertilizer xim yuav muaj lawv tus yam ntxwv.
Daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv lub vaj
Feem ntau cov nitroammofosku siv nyob rau hauv horticulture raws li lub ntsiab fertilizer tam sim ntawd ua ntej cog nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv hauv av (daim ntawv thov tus nqi ntawm lub composition ntawm nyob ntawm seb hom qoob loo). Nws yog qhov zoo rau txhua hom av, tab sis feem ntau yog siv thaum siv dub av thiab sierozem.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Lub nkag mus ntawm fertilizer mus rau hauv lub fertile av txheej, nyob rau hauv denser xau yog qeeb qeeb, yog li ntawd rau dub av nrog ib tug hnyav grain loj faib nws yog zoo dua los siv ib tug granular daim ntawv ntawm kev npaj. Rau lub teeb xau, qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub sij hawm mus thov nitroammofoski yog pib ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav.Niaj hnub no, ntau cov tuam ntxhab ua nitroammofosk, thiab feem ntawm cov ntxhiab cov khoom yuav txawv nyob ntawm qhov tshuab uas siv los ntawm tus neeg muag khoom. Yog li, thaum yuav ib qho tshuaj, nco ntsoov nyeem cov lus qhia rau kev siv thiab tiv thaiv tus txheej txheem kws kho mob, ob qho tib si rau daim ntawv thov rau cov av thiab rau daim ntawv thov foliar.
Sib txawv cov nroj tsuag muaj cov ntxhuav ntau cov qauv, yog li tsis tau noj rau hauv cov txiaj ntsim qhov kev sib piv ntawm cov as-ham, koj tuaj yeem ua yuam kev hauv kev siv tshuaj. Rau nquag siv nitroammofoski, daim ntawv thov rau cov qoob loo sib txawv yog raws li nram no: qos yaj ywm, txiv lws suav thiab lwm yam zaub qoob loo - 20 g ib 1 m² (los yog 4 qhov); rau sowing - 6-7 g ib 1 m², thiab ua ntej cog shrubs thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntoo seedlings koj yuav tsum tau 60-300 g ntawm fertilizer, uas yog thov ntawm hauv paus, ua ntej-tov nrog cov av los ntawm lub qhov.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! ThiabCov ntaub ntawv yuav ua li cas rau fertilize txiv lws suav nrog nitroammophoska kuj tseem ceeb heev rau qhov vim li cas qhov no qoob loo yuav tsum tau nutrient tswv yim. Cov nag thiab yaj dej yuav luag tag nrho cov dej nitrogen thiab potassium los ntawm cov av, thiab tag nrho cov txiv lws suav yog cov qoob loo ntawm ib qho kev mob siab thiab xav tau ntau cov tshuaj ntxhia.Rau qee cov qoob loo ntawm cov nyom (piv txwv li, currants los yog gooseberries), ib pob nyiaj rau 65-70 g ntawm cov khoom, thaum qee qhov lwm yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo (raspberries los yog blackberries) yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 35-40 g ib 1 m². Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj loj yog pub nrog ib nitroammofosca ntawm tus nqi ntawm 70-90 g rau ib tsob ntoo (lub chiv sib tov nrog cov av thiab ntxiv rau cov ntoo hauv lub cev). Rau fertilizing strawberries thiab strawberries, 40 g ntawm nitroammofosca yog tawg li lub saum npoo ntawm cov av, nyob rau hauv ib lub Bush, thiab rau fertilizing raspberries nws cov nyiaj nce mus rau 50 g ib Meter ntawm spacing.
Daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv lub vaj
Yog hais tias tus ntoo hauv koj lub vaj teb loj hlob ntawm zoo tagnrho fertile xau, ces siv nitroammofoski yog ib tug zoo xaiv rau pub mis. Rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntoo, nws yog txaus rau ntxiv 40-50 g ntawm nyob tus yeees ib 1 m² ntawm plantings los yog 4-5 kg ib puas square meters rau ib tug ntoo pob tw. Raws li rau lwm hom av (av nplaum, hnyav, nrog ib tug deficiency ntawm tej yam tshuaj), ces koj yuav tsis muaj peev xwm ua nrog nitroammophoska ib leeg. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, fertilizing lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntoo nrog nitroammofoska yuav coj tau tsuas yog ua ke nrog lwm cov chiv los nrog nrog ntxiv ntxiv ntawm ploj lawm ntsiab. Cov tsiaj cog qoob loo (cov ntoo ntoo, ntoo thooj, larch, maple, acacia, hornbeam, beech, willow, noog cherry) nitroammophoska yuav siv los ua qhov loj saum khaub ncaws hnav, vim lawv tsis muaj qoob loo.
Lwm tus hlub ntawm nitrogen, poov tshuaj thiab phosphorus yog grapes. Ua txhua yam kev ntsuam xyuas tau ntau xyoo tau ua pov thawj pom tias cov neeg nyob hauv koog teb no tau loj hlob zoo nyob hauv nruab nrab txoj kab. Txawm li cas los, tag nrho txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kab lis kev cai yog ua tau tsuas yog nrog rau raws sij hawm chiv ntawm cov nroj tsuag nrog ob qho tib si pob zeb thiab organic ntxiv. Thaum pub grapes, nitroammophoska siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm paus thiab foliar to top dressings, tab sis nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, ua tib zoo dilute cov lus qhia ua ntej diluting lub npaj. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv nrog daim ntawv yuav tsum tau qhia tias yuav ua li cas rau dissolve lub nitroammophoka hauv dej kom nws muaj cov nyhuv yam. Piv txwv, thaum ua daim nplooj ntawv pub, NPK yuav tsum muab ntim hauv dej ntawm qhov 2 dos ntawm cov tshuaj rau 10 liters dej.
Daim ntawv thov rau xim
Fertilizer nitroammofoska yog li ntawd ntau yam uas nws tau pom nws daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv floriculture, qhov twg nws yog nquag siv rau ntau yam xim. Tsis muaj vaj teb yuav ua tau yog tsis muaj cov nroj tsuag zoo nkauj no, tab sis kom lawv zoo siab rau koj txhua lub caij ntuj sov nrog lub teeb ci thiab lush, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tau muab zaub mov zoo rau lawv. Qhov no yuav ua tau ob leeg nrog kev pab los ntawm cov organic teeb meem thiab los ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm pob zeb hauv av chiv. Nyob rau hauv kev, nitroammofoska yog zoo heev rau fertilizing Roses (qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg yog diluted los yog nkag tau rau hauv moist av mus rau ib lub tob ntawm 2-4 cm), tab sis tsuas yog li ntawd nws tsis tuaj mus rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog hauv paus xim system. Bred khoom nyob rau hauv tib lub proportions raws li nyob rau hauv lub fertilizer grapes.
Fertilizing rau roses yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thaum lub caij off-season: thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav lawv yuav ua qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom tsim nyog rau kev loj hlob ntawm lub hav txwv yeem, thiab nrog rau cov sij hawm tuaj txog lub caij nplooj zeeg lawv yuav them nyiaj rau kev tshuav ntawm cov khoom siv tau txiaj ntsig, yog li npaj cov ntoo rau lub caij ntuj no.
Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev siv nitroammofoski
Zoo li lwm yam chiv, nitroammofosk tsis tuaj yeem paub tshwj xeeb los ntawm qhov zoo, yog li nws tsis yog xav tsis thoob tias muaj qee qhov teeb meem rau nws siv. Ntawm chav kawm, qhov no yog ib qho zoo fertilizer, tab sis qee zaus nws muaj ib tug nyaum ntxim rau cov nroj tsuag, uas yuav tsum tau keej tuav. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub composition ntawm yog li ntawd zoo hais tias ntau gardeners cia li tig ib lub qhov muag tsis pom qhov muag mus rau tam sim no tsis zoo.
Yog li, cov peev xwm ntawm nitroammofoski yuav tsum muaj xws li:
- 100% friability ntawm cov kab txawv, uas yog tswj txhua lub sijhawm (lub granules tsis lo ua ke thaum lub sij hawm ntev cia);
- high concentration ntawm fertilizer, nrog ib feem ntawm active cov khoom xyaw uas tsawg kawg 30% ntawm tag nrho cov pawg;
- tsawg dua qhov kev kho ntawm cov av ua ke nrog kev sib tshooj txhais tau tias;
- qhov muaj tag nrho peb yam khoom xyaw rau hauv ib lub log;
- high solubility hauv dej;
- yield nce ntawm 30-70% (txawm tias rau ntau hom qoob loo no tus nqi yog ib tus neeg ncaj qha).
- qhov xwm txheej inorganic ntawm nitroammofoski;
- ua rau kom muaj nitrate nyob hauv av;
- teej tug rau cov xwm txheej ntawm peb theem kev txaus ntshai rau tib neeg (ntxiv rau, nws yog yooj yim heev thiab tawg);
- luv luv txee lub neej.
Dab tsi yuav hloov tau cov nitroammofosku fertilizer analogues
Nitroammofoska tsis yog ib qho ntawm nws hom, thiab muaj ntau cov tshuaj uas muaj kev sib txig sib luag.
Qhov ze "tus txheeb ze" ntawm nitroammofoski yog azofoska - ib feem-peb chiv fertilizer, nyob rau hauv uas, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau tus qauv ntsiab (poov tshuaj, nitrogen thiab phosphorus), leej faj tseem muaj. Tus so ntawm nitroammophoska thiab azofoska yog cov zoo sib xws, tsis yog nyob rau hauv kab ntawv, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv cov teebmeem ntawm nroj tsuag. Nws kuj tseem yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias feem cuam tshuam ntawm kab kawm nyob rau hauv relation mus rau tag nrho ntim ntawm qhov sib tov nyob ntawm lub hom tshuaj ntawm lub tshuaj.
Ammophoska - txawv los ntawm lwm cov chiv los ntawm no subclass los ntawm kev kuaj pom magnesium thiab cov tshuaj daj ntxiv nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia (tsis pub tsawg tshaj 14% ntawm tag nrho cov muaj pes tsawg leeg). Kuj tseem ceeb sib txawv los ntawm lub hauv paus fertilizer yog tau siv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg hauv av kaw. Yog tsis muaj ntsev thiab tshuaj chlorine nyob hauv ammonium phosphate, thiab cov nyiaj ntawm cov tshuaj ballast tsawg tsawg.
Nitrophoska - muaj tib daim ntawv NPK, tab sis kuj tau ntxiv nrog magnesium. Nws poob ob peb zaug rau lub nitroammofosca tom qab, thiab nitrogen muaj nyob rau hauv nws tsuas yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv nitrate, uas yog yooj yim ntxuav tawm ntawm cov av, thiab cov nyhuv ntawm lub fertilizer rau ntawm cov nroj tsuag sai sai poob nws lub zog. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, ob hom nitrogen yog nyob rau hauv lub nitroammofosk - ammonium thiab nitrate. Qhov thib ob hom significantly ncua lub sij hawm ntawm lub pob zeb hauv av fertilizer.
Nitroammophos yog tib cov nitrophosphate (nrog rau cov mis NH4H2PO4 + NH4NO3), uas yog lub qab dib. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov txawv yog qhov tseeb hais tias poov tshuaj tsis tuaj nyob rau hauv nitrophosphate, uas me ntsis txwv nws cov kev siv ntawm kev siv.
Raws li koj tau pom, nitroammofosk yog chiv ntawm ntau hom kev siv, uas yog sib luag zoo rau txiv lws suav thiab lwm yam zaub qoob loo, cov ntoo txiv hmab txiv ntoo, cov nroj tsuag thiab cov paj.
