Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas muaj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo nkauj ua rau nws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo cua nrog cov qaub ncaug (ascorbic acid), cog qoob loo (cog thiab tu nws tsis muaj qab hau), thiav (ntev txog 40 xyoo). Nyob rau hauv qhov siv raws caij nyoog txias thiab txias caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, ntau lub vaj teb muaj ntau yam ntawm actinidia (colomikta, argut, polygamous, ntshav, thiab lwm yam) tau ntse noj hauv paus.
Koj puas paub? Lub npe "Actinidia" los ntawm Greek. Ακτινιδιον - nqaj. Actinidia tau ua ntej tau piav los ntawm Lindley hauv 1835, thiab xyoo 1905 cov nroj tsuag tau cog rau hauv New Zealand, thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo hu ua "Kiwi" hauv kev qhuas New Zealand noog. I. Michurin txij li xyoo 1909 tau nquag koom hauv kev yug me nyuam ntawm actinidia.
Cog Actinidia seedlings
Yog tias koj txiav txim siab cog qoob loo ntawm koj zaj lus, ces sprouts tau los ntawm txiav yuav tsum tau siv (actinidia zus los ntawm cov noob poob lawv cov yam ntxwv varietal). Koj muaj peev xwm loj hlob seedlings koj tus kheej, thiab koj muaj peev xwm yuav nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb khw. Thaum yuav cov seedlings ntawm actinidia, ob yam yuav tsum raug xam tias:
- Ua li cas txoj kev khiav dim (yog hais tias tus tua hlob los ntawm Bud - nws yog tau los ntawm cov noob, yog hais tias ib tug luv luv pob tw nrog sab tua - tus tua yog tau los ntawm propagation los ntawm txiav).
- Dab tsi yog txiv neej yog nroj tsuag (actinidia - dioecious kab lis kev cai, yog li rau fruiting nws yog tsim nyog yuav tau seedlings ntawm ob leeg).
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Acquiring seedlings ntawm actinidia yuav tsum them sai sai rau lub keeb kwm - lawv yuav tsum raug kaw (nyob rau hauv hauv av, polyethylene, ntim tshwj xeeb). Tshav ntuj, cua sov, cua tuaj yeem ua puas tsuaj cov nroj tsuag. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws muaj hnub nyoog ntawm ib tug seedling yog tsis muaj ntau tshaj peb lub xyoo (ntau "neeg laus" nroj tsuag yog tsawg dua ntawm kev hloov ntawm transplanting). Hauv pem teb ntawm cov nroj tsuag yuav pom tsuas yog los ntawm paj. Txiav seedlings txais hauv pem teb ntawm lub pub cog, yog li ntawd nws yog pom zoo kom yuav kev ntawm cov nroj tsuag tuag.
Lub sij hawm zoo tsaws
Sau qoob ntawm actinidia nyob ntawm loj nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm cog. Cov gardeners tsis muaj kev sib sau nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem ntawm qib siab sij. Muaj ob peb txoj kev xaiv:
- thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav, ua ntej cov kua txiv pib tsiv;
- qhov kawg ntawm lub Plaub Hlis - pib ntawm lub caij ntuj sov (tom qab xaus ntawm flowering);
- Autumn (tsawg kawg yog ob - peb lub lis piam ua ntej pib frosts).
Lub cev muaj pes tsawg leeg
Actinidia nyiam acidic thiab me ntsis acidic xau (pH = 4 - 5), tab sis loj hlob zoo rau nruab nrab (nrog zoo fertilizer). Qhov tsawg tshaj plaws tsim av nplaum xau nrog cov av theem hauv av. Ib qho tseem ceeb tsim nyog rau kev vam meej txoj kev loj hlob yog tias cov av rau actinidia yuav tsum muaj cov kua dej zoo. Nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los cog cov nroj tsuag hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj cov kua dej.
Thaum cog actinidia ua ntej (ob lub lim tiam), koj yuav tsum npaj cov qhov tsaws tsaws (thaum dai ntawm cov phab ntsa - tshis tawm):
- 0.5 m - dav, ntev, qhov tob (qhov ntev ntawm lub trench yog nyob ntawm qhov ntev ntawm phab ntsa);
- kua dej (cib chips, pebbles);
- dhau lub kua dej - zoo nkauj av (humus (thoob), charcoal (50 gr.), superphosphate (250 gr.).
Zoo ntawm cov thawj coj thiab cov neeg zej zog ntawm actinidia
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev txiav txim yog dub currant (nws loosens cov av, tsis deplete nws). Qhov kev xaiv ntawm "cov neeg nyob ib ncig" vim qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov nroj tsuag rau actinidia. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo:
- legumes - taum, noob taum, taum mog (txhim kho cov av, tswj kom muaj cov dej noo txaus), txhawm rau txhawm rau qhov microclimate);
- dub currant, filbert;
- paj - petunia, gerbera, calendula, aster, thiab lwm yam. (tsis txhob qhuav cov av, decorate).
- cov laus txiv ntoo ntoo (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov ntoo hauv av). Cov ntoo nrog lawv cov hauv paus hniav qhuav cov av. Kev khawb qhov ze ntawm lub voj voog yog txaus ntshai rau actinidia keeb kwm. Cov kws cog qoob loo tau nce kaum tawm ntawm cov meters thiab cov ntoo hau ntoo, ua nyuaj rau sau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo;
- cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo (tej zaum yuav tuag los ntawm "hugs" ntawm lianas).
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Actinidia yuav tsum tau ntxoov ntxoo ua ntej nws muaj hnub nyoog 3 xyoos (hnub ci tuaj yeem ua rau kub hnyiab ntawm hauv paus system thiab stems).
Kom haum
Ua ntej cog, seedlings ntawm actinidia yog npaj raws li nram no: pruned qhuav los yog tawg tua, keeb kwm yog dipped rau hauv ib lub av nplaum mash, ib pail ntawm dej yog poured mus rau hauv ib tug aub tsiv.
Lub hauv paus caj dab yuav tsum tau yaug nrog av. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom paub tseeb tias tsis muaj voids raug tsim, ua rau lub hauv paus me ntsis thiab mulch nrog cov organic teeb meem.
Rau fruiting rau txhua txhua peb poj niam nroj tsuag yuav tsum yog ib tug txiv neej. Qhov deb ntawm lub seedlings thaum cog - tsawg kawg ib thiab ib nrab meters. Thaum tiav ntawm cog, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los dej rau sapling nrog 2 - 3 thoob dej thiab ze nrog ncaj qha tshav ntuj nrog gauze, ntawv, thiab lwm yam.
Koj puas paub? Nws muaj peev xwm los txiav txim seb tus poj niam yog qhov twg, thiab tsuas yog cov xim ntawm actinidia: yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub paj muaj ib lub zes qe dawb uas muaj ib txoj kab-daj uas yog poj niam lub paj, yog tias lub zes qe menyuam yog surrounded by stamens, nws yog ib tug txiv neej.
Pib ntawm Actinidia Care
Kom cog thiab qhov tsis tiav ntawm pests pab txhawb kev saib xyuas ntawm actinidia. Rau kev loj hlob zoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab nce fertility, nws yog advisable los muab nws nrog txhawb - trellis (galvanized xaim ntawm cov posts).
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Cog cog los ntawm lignified actinidia tsis tuaj yeem hloov tau ntev li ob lub xyoos - lawv cov cag yuav tsum muaj zog.
Watering thiab fertilizing cov av
Watering actinidia - mob pes tsawg. Tshaj dej noo ntau dhau li yuav tsum tsis pub (qhov taw qhia yog av hauv cov hauv paus hniav). Tag nrho cov actinidia xws li txau cov nplooj nrog dej hmoov av (yav sawv ntxov thiab yav tsaus ntuj).
Chiv yog xaiv raws li lub nyiam ntawm cov nroj tsuag (me ntsis acidic thiab acidic av) - poov tshuaj chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ntoo tshauv, thiab lwm yam. Chlorine-muaj chiv yog ncaj qha contraindicated, xws li txiv qaub thiab cov quav tshiab.
Ua ntej pub actinidia nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, tom qab snow yaj, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los maj mam loosen hauv av ze ntawm lub keeb kwm (3-5 cm). Khawb yog tsis yooj yim - koj muaj peev xwm puas lub keeb kwm. Pub yog tsim nyog:
- nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav (lawv mulch nrog organic teeb meem thiab fertilize - rau txhua square meter - 35 grams nitrogen, 20 grams ntawm phosphate los yog potash chiv);
- qhov nruab nrab - qhov kawg ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav (tsim ntawm ovaries) (15-20 grams nitrogen, 10 grams ntawm phosphate thiab 10 grams potash tshuaj ib square). Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas lub hauv paus caj dab, sau rau hauv av thaum nws raug;
- nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm tus sau, ua ntej lub caij ntuj no. Creepers fertilized nrog superphosphate thiab poov tshuaj chloride. Lub keeb kwm yog ntxiv them nrog ib tug txheej ntawm peat thiab nplooj.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Actinidia yog qee zaum cuam tshuam los ntawm nplooj ntoos chaw thiab grey txiv hmab txiv ntoo liab. Cov tub ntxhais hluas cov nroj tsuag (tua thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov hauv paus) yuav noj tau los ntawm miv. Rau preservation ntawm keeb kwm, lub cog sprouts muaj enclosed nrog ib tug hlau Mesh.
Yuav ua li cas mus Trim
Txoj kev kho mob Actinidia yuav tsum tau txiav txhua lub sijhawm.. Pruning yog tsim nyog rau ib tug hluas liana (rau nws tsim kom tsim nyog) thiab rau ib tug neeg laus cog (qhov kev loj hlob ntawm liana ua rau thickening, darkening, thiab qis dua).
Thaum npaj cov pob txha, xav txog cov nram qab no:
- Qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub sij hawm rau tus txheej txheem yog lub caij ntuj sov, sai li sai tau tom qab kawm tiav ntawm flowering;
- nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, txog ib lub hlis ua ntej frosts (Frost ntev yuav txawv nyob rau hauv ntau thaj tsam) - pruning yog tsis pom zoo (awakened buds thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas tua yuav tsis siav thiab frost yuav tua lawv). Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam qab teb, sanitary pruning yog nqa tawm tom qab kawg ntawm nplooj ntoos;
- nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav (thaum lub kua txiv yog tsiv raws vine) pruning yog txwv - tej kev ua txhaum ntawm lub meej mom ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog fraught nrog nws txoj kev tuag.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Txhua yam ntawm actinidia muaj nws tus kheej nta tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsum tau xav txog thaum twg pob txha. Piv txwv li, ib lub colomikt li 8 xyoo txhua xyoo tshem tawm ib tug qub ceg thiab hloov nws nrog ib tug hluas tua. Kolomikt nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug Bush tsis dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo thiab xav tau ib trellis. Nyob rau hauv kev sib cav, lub vine tseem ceeb yog lub neej, tab sis nws yuav tsum thinned ntau intensively thiab luv txiav (luv tua dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo), lwm yam zoo liTrimming cov hluas actinidia yog txuam nrog cog kev tsim. Thaum twg lo lus nug daws tau - qhov twg cog cov tshuaj activinidia, koj yuav tsum xav seb nws yuav loj hlob li cas. Rau kev ntxhib, feem ntau cov kiv cua tsim yog:
- thawj xyoo - txiav tawm lub sim saum nruab ntug, tawm 2 - 3 buds;
- ob xyoo - txiav tawm tag nrho cov tua, tshwj tsis yog 2 - 4 ntsug (tsho). Tom qab qhov kawg ntawm nplooj ntoos caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, lawv apical buds yog txiav tawm;
- peb lub xyoo - qhov muaj zog tshaj sab tua raug xaiv thiab khi rau sab laug thiab txoj cai trellis;
- plaub thiab tsib xyoo - ntxiv garter ntawm feem zog thiab feem ntau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo-coj ceg, pruning ntawm qaug zog, nyias, tawg thiab tsis coj tus ntoo.
Lub caij ntuj no hardiness ntawm actinidia
Actinidia ntau yam zus nyob rau hauv peb cov latitudes muaj ib siab haum siab tiv thaiv (colomicta tau zam frost down rau -35 ... -45 degrees ° C). Thawj 2 - 3 xyoo ntawm lub neej rau cov tub ntxhais hluas cov nroj tsuag rau lub caij ntuj no yog zoo dua los npog nrog ib lub hauv ncoo ntawm nplooj, spruce ceg los yog polyethylene.
Nws tsis yog txias txias nyob rau lub caij ntuj no uas yog feem ntau txaus ntshai rau vines, tab sis caij nplooj ntoos hlav frosts (cov tub ntxhais hluas tua ntawm actinidia, paj buds thiab buds feem ntau rhiab rau lawv). Txos qhov ntsuas kub hauv qab xoom los ntawm 8 degrees yuav ua kom ib tug me me tua.
Cog ib tug actinidia ze ntawm ib lub tsev nyob ib ntus nruab nrab qhov kev nyab xeeb ntawm Frost, tab sis ib qho teeb meem tshwm sim los ntawm khiav ntawm rainwater los ntawm lub ru tsev.
Harvesting thiab cia
Actinidia coj thawj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo mus ua tiav peb txog plaub xyoos. Cov nroj tsuag ntawm xya xyoo thiab laus dua cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis tu ncua (ib actinidia tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm 12 mus rau 60 kg ntawm qoob loo). Harvesting pib thaum xaus ntawm lub yim hli ntuj thiab tseem kom txog thaum snow.
Lub caij nyoog ripening ntawm berries ntawm txawv ntau yam ntawm actinidia tsis yog tib:
- colomikta - nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub yim hli ntuj (txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripen unevenly thiab ib txhia ntawm lawv muaj peev xwm crumble rau hauv av). Ntsuab txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav ripen nyob rau hauv tshav kub tom qab tshem tawm los ntawm vine. Rau kev thauj mus los thiab cia, nws yog zoo dua mus tos me me greenish berries;
- argut thiab Giralda - pib ntawm lub Cuaj Hli (lawv tau ib lub ci ntsuab ntsuab thiab kev sib tw);
- polygamy - Cuaj hlis (xim ntawm berries - los ntawm daj kom txiv kab ntxwv);
- liab doog - kawg ntawm Cuaj hlis (lub berries yog tsis showered, liab doog).
Fresh txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws khaws cia nyob rau hauv txias, zoo ventilated chav (lawv ntseeg tau nqus dej).
Koj puas paub? One actinidia berry muab tib neeg xav tau cov vitamin C ib hnub. Lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo colomickt muaj 4 zaug ntxiv vitamin C dua cov roj currants thiab 13 zaus ntau tshaj li ntawm cov txiv qaub. Nyob rau hauv kev ua ntawm actinidia berries tag nrho cov vitamins thiab active tshuaj raug fwm. Pectin nyob rau hauv actinidia berries nquag tuskheej hnyav hlau ntsev thiab radioactive isotopes los ntawm lub cev.Actinidia berries yog khaws cia:
- khov (ntxuav berries, so thiab khov);
- qhuav (ntxuav thiab qhuav nyob rau hauv qhov cub (55 degrees);
- raws li raw jam (av berries nrog qab zib - 2 mus rau 3);
- qhuav (ntxuav berries poured nrog kub syrup, rhuab 7 feeb, lub syrup yog drained, lub berries yog qhuav nyob rau hauv qhov cub rau 15 feeb ntawm 80 degrees.
Luam luam yeeb actinidia
Hais tawm ntawm actinidia yog qhov yooj yim heev. Kev nthuav tawm nroj tsuag muaj nqis - nws muab cov yam ntxwv ntawm ntau yam, sib deev, thiab nqaij noj rau hnub thib 3 - 4 xyoo. Noob tawm qhov ncauj lus muab sij hawm kom tau ntau yam nroj tsuag, tab sis fruiting - los ntawm 7 xyoo.
Cov hauv paus hniav tuaj
Hais tawm los ntawm cov hauv paus cag yog siv rau actinidia ntawm polygam thiab colomicta.
Koj puas paub? Hais tawm ntawm paus offsprings nyob rau hauv kev sib cav yog tsis yooj yim - paus offspring ntawm no ntau yam tsis yog.
Ntsuab thiab lignified cuttings
Kev piav qhia ntawm txoj kev ntawm vegetative propagation ntawm actinidia, ib tug yuav tsum pib nrog tus ceev tshaj thiab feem ntau yog - grafting. Txoj kev no tso cai rau koj kom muaj kev sib txawv ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm varietal thiab tau txais ntau ntawm seedlings. Siv ob qho kev xaiv - ntsuab thiab lignified cuttings.
Ntsuab cuttings (lub Upper ib feem ntawm qhov tua los ntawm 10 mus rau 15 cm) yog cia nyob rau hauv lig May - thaum ntxov Lub rau hli ntuj (thaum flowering xaus): ib tug txiav nrog ob - peb buds thiab internodes. Lub qab txiav ntawm lub stalk yuav tsum muaj 45 °, sab saum toj - ncaj. Tsawg:
- lawv cog rau rooting nyob rau hauv lub tsaws pit nrog substrate (kua, 10 cm ntawm ib tug sib tov ntawm humus nrog xuab zeb thiab 5 cm ntawm River xuab zeb), yog khaws cia nyob rau hauv zaj duab xis, sprayed ob zaug ib hnub;
- tom qab 30 hnub lawv pib ua huab cua, txij thaum lub Yim Hli lawv qhib rau yav hmo ntuj;
- rau lub caij ntuj no lawv npog nrog ib lub hauv ncoo ntawm nplooj, nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav - lawv hloov.
Yuav ua kom qhov ntsuas no muaj tsawg tshaj li ib lub hlis ua ntej cog qoob loo, cuttings raug muab tso rau hauv cov dej khov nrog rau qis qis thiab kaw - qhov kev loj hlob ntawm lub buds nres.
Bushes faib
Qhov faib ntawm cov nroj tsuag tsis tshua siv hauv tsev neeg thaj av raws li ib txoj kev ntawm kev ua luam ntawm actinidia, tab sis yog tias muaj ib tsob nroj cog rau ntawm qhov chaw (nws hlob zoo rau cov pluag xau, raug kev txom nyem los ntawm Frost, tsis muaj kev txhawb, thiab lwm yam). Shrubs raug faib tom qab nplooj ntoos ua ntej te frost los yog nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav ua ntej lub txav ntawm kua txiv. Txhua feem ntawm ib tug Bush muab faib yuav tsum nqa stems thiab keeb kwm nyob rau tib lub sijhawm.
Kev qe ntshauv
Txoj kev ntawm kev tso tawm los ntawm kev faib tawm yog qhov yooj yim thiab siv tau. Nyob rau hauv lub liana lawv khawb tawm grooves (7-10 cm tob), cov av nyob rau hauv grooves yog mulched nrog humus, peat, sawdust.
Kev kho mob rau actinidia thaum lub caij yug me nyuam los ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav muaj xws li tso cov grooves ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas qis, kho lawv, poob pw tsaug zog nyob rau hauv cov av thiab li niaj zaus dej. Qhov ntxeev ntawm qhov tua nyob saum toj no. Cov khaubncaws sab nraud tawm hauv xyoo tom ntej.
Noob tawm lus
Actinidia los ntawm noob germinate nyuaj. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv thiaj li mus xyov sai npaum li cas no txoj kev, siv lub method ntawm stratification:
- ntxuav thiab qhuav cov noob yuav tsum muab tso rau hauv ib caprone thiab soaked hauv dej rau 4 hnub, ces faus hauv cov xuab zeb (hauv lub thawv);
- lub thawv kom sov so rau 2 lub hlis, xuab zeb dej. Ib zaug ib lub lim tiam rau 5 feeb los ntawm cov xuab zeb kom tau cov noob rau airing;
- tom qab ntawd, lub thawv noob yuav tsum muab qhwv rau hauv ib daim ntaub thiab cia txias rau hauv txoj kev rau 2 lub hlis;
- Nyob rau theem tom ntej no, cov noob raug muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw txias (tsis siab tshaj + 12 ° C), tau ywg dej thiab aired ib zaug ib lub lim tiam. Tom qab 20-25 hnub, lawv ntuav pib;
- Nws tshua rau cog seedlings nyob rau hauv noob ntim (hauv av nrog perlite 1x1), thiab nrog lub advent ntawm thib peb tseeb nplooj ntoos transplanted rau hauv av.
