Cherry yog ib tug es ancient, heev heev thiab nkim kev cai ntawm gardeners. Niaj hnub no, muaj ntau tshaj 200 ntau yam ntawm cherries, uas txawv heev los ntawm txhua lwm yam nyob rau hauv lawv cov tsos thiab saj.
Tag nrho cov ntau yam raug muab faib ua ob hom: treelike thiab hav txwv yeem.
Tshuaj tsuag cherries yog sib txawv me me thiab Frost tsis kamtab sis tsis nyob ntev txog 15-17 xyoo.
Tsob ntoo ntau yam - Cov no yog cov ntoo siab, tsis heev txias-resistant, tab sis checklawv txoj sia ntau tshaj 30 xyoo. Cov tsob ntoo no yog cov neeg nyiam heev. Cherry shubinka los yog Shubinsky. Ntau cov lus piav qhia - ntxiv hauv tsab xov xwm.
Yug me nyuam keeb kwm thiab yug me nyuam thaj av
Cherry ntau yam Shubinka yog ib tug laus pej xeem ntau yam.
Lub degree ntawm kev faib tawm Shubinka ranked thib ob tom qab Vladimir lub Cherry.
Qhov ntau yam tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Moscow xeev rov qab rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 thiab sai sai nyob rau lwm thaj chaw.
Lub zos no muaj ntau yam hauv Moscow zoned nyob rau hauv 1959 nyob rau hauv lub North-West, Central thaj tsam ntawm Russia thiab Volga cheeb tsam.
Nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm luv luv, Shubinka Cherry tau cog rau hauv USSR.
Niaj hnub no no muaj ntau yam nyob hauv Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova thiab Baltic States.
Txawm hais tias, ua tsaug rau yug me nyuam ntawm tshiab, ntau resistant ntau yam, Shubinka twb tsis zus nyob rau hauv muaj txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj hlob thiab heev tsis tshua cog rau hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas teb.
Volochaevka, Molodezhnaya thiab Tamaris yog ntse zus nyob hauv Central Region.
Tshwm sim ntawm Cherry lub tsho tiv no
Xav txog qhov txawv ntawm tsob ntoo txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lawv tus kheej.
Tsob Ntoo
Tsob ntoo ntawm Shubinka siab siab, ntau dua 4 m, nrog ib qho chaw pyramidal, tsis heev tuab yas.
Tus tua yog nyias, lub teeb xim av, nrog ib tug greenish tint thiab ib tug faint grey Bloom. Lub ntsiab ceg yog tuab, tsaus xim av.
Cov nplooj yog ntsuab, maub, medium-qhov loj, oval, nrog ntse saum thiab paus, thiab cov hniav zoo ntawm cov npoo.
Cov paj yog dawb, me me, loj hlob nyob rau hauv ob peb daim nyob rau hauv lub inflorescence.
Cov nplaim nquam nias, bifurcated ntawm qhov xaus.
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo
Cov berries yog me me, tej zaum medium, weighing 2.2-2.6 grams, puag ncig, nrog rau ib sab ntug dej tiaj tiaj, tsaus liab los yog burgundy. Lub cev nqaij daim tawv yog tsaus nti, tsaus, muaj ntxhiab thiab muaj kua, tab sis qaub heev, tsis muaj kev txawj ntse, tsis yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qab zib thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj qab hau, Muaj Dub thiab Cov Toys.
Lub pob zeb yog me me, round, separating los ntawm lub pulp heev phem heev. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo khov khov ib ntev, nyias nyias, kom lawv tsis crumble thaum overripe.
Diam duab
Yam ntxwv ntawm ntau yam
Shubinka - ntau yam ntawm nruab nrab los yog medium lig ripening. Koj tuaj yeem muab tau los ntawm lub yim hli ntuj mus txog lig lub Cuaj Hli.
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo no Cherry pib heev thaum ntxov, 4-5 xyoos tom qab tsaws. Qhov nruab nrab tawm los ntawm ib tus neeg laus laus yog 18-25 kg.
Shubinka - ib feem ntawm tus kheej-infertile. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws pollinators rau nws yuav yuav ntau yam: Lyubskaya, Dub Shipport, Vladimirskaya, Moscow Griot, Sayka.
Rau ib tug siab dua tawm los, nws yog ib advisable cog nyob rau tib cheeb tsam nrog Shubinkae tsawg tshaj li peb hom pollinating.
Lub caij ntuj no hardiness ntawm no Cherry yog heev high.. Nws tolerates tsis tsuas yog lub caij ntuj no frosts, tab sis kuj caij nplooj ntoos hlav frosts.
Lub caij ntuj no-Hardy kuj ntau yam Volochaevka, Morozovka thiab dav.
Txawm li cas los ntawm qaub t rau-34-35 P, tuaj yeem khov me ntsis buds thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas tua. Yog li ntawd Cov tub ntxhais hluas cov ntoo yuav tsum tau them rau lub caij ntuj no.
Qhov tseeb xaiv ntawm qhov chaw tsaws thiab raws sij hawm pub thiab kev ntawm ntoo, muaj peev xwm significantly nce nws Frost tsis kam.
Kev cog thiab kev kho mob
Rau Shubinka zoo haum ci thiab sov qhov chaw nrog lub teeb Sandy loams los yog loamspiv txwv nyob ze ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev los yog ze lub laj kab. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau saib xyuas nrug ntawm yam tsawg 7-8 m los ntawm lawv.
Mus rau tej yam kev mob ntawm txoj kev loj hlob nws yog undemanding, tab sis nyob rau hauv raw thiab txias qis yuav tsis loj tuaj.
Yog hais tias nyob hauv cheeb tsam uas tau xaiv, cov dej hauv av yog siab tshaj 2-2.5 m, ces nws yog qhov tsim nyog ua kom ua lub siab kub siab thiab cog tsob ntoo rau nws.
Npaj cov av ntawm daim zajlus nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, thiab tsaws tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlavthaum lub ntiaj teb yog zoo warmed, tab sis lub buds tau tseem tsis tau swelled.
Lub cheeb tsam xaiv tau zoo dug li, xaiv tag nrho cov weeds thiab ntxiv fertilizer: 1-1.5 thoob ntawm dung los yog compost, ib nrab ib khob ntawm superphosphate thiab 50 grams. poov tshuaj sulfate ib square meter m
Yog hais tias cov av yog acidic, ces txog 1-2 lub hlis ua ntej fertilization, nws yog txiv qaub. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau qhov no txiv qaub-pushonka (400 gr. rau ib sq. m). Tom qab av npaj, koj muaj peev xwm khawb tsaws pis. Lawv kuj npaj tau thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg.
Optimal qhov tob pits - 50-60 cm, thiab inch - hais txog 1 m.
Nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau khawb qhov ntau qhov ntawm ib zaug: rau cov tsho tiv no thiab cov kabmob. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lawv yuav tsum yog tsis pub ntau tshaj 3 m.
Ib tug peg, 1.2-1.5 m siab, raug nteg mus rau hauv qab ntawm qhov pit tiav thiab ib txheej me me ntawm kua tso (zoo dua los ntawm loj pieces ntawm ceg thiab bark). Tom qab ntawd tau sau nrog ua ntej primer.
Rau qhov koj tau noj 4-5 thoob ntawm rotted manure, ib thoob ntawm ntoo tshauv, 0.5 thoob ntawm tshiab nees manure thiab sib tov zoo nrog ib tug me me ntawm txheej sab saum toj ntawm lub ntiaj teb.
Lwm qhov kev xaiv: 2 thoob ntawm refractory manure, mix nrog poov tshuaj sulfate (80-90 gr.), To top txheej ntawm av thiab ntxiv ib phaus ntawm superphosphate.
Rau cog xaiv ib qho muaj zog ob-xyoos seedling: 2-3 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb, ntev qia tsis tsawg tshaj li 50-60 cm thiab loj ceg tsis luv dua 40 cm.
Nws muab tso rau hauv ib lub qhov, ua tib zoo muab faus, khi looj rau lub peg thiab trampled cia rau hauv av.
Nyob ib ncig ntawm cov ntoo ua rau lub qhov tob thiab nchuav rau hauv nws. tsis pub tsawg tshaj 3-4 thoob ntawm rhuab dej. Tom qab ntawd, qhov yuav tsum tau ua Mulch qhuav humus.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsis kom tob zuj zus hauv paus caj dab ntawm seedling. Nws yuav tsum nyob twj ywm nyob rau ntawm ib qhov siab ntawm 5-6 cm saum toj no hauv av. Tom qab cov subsidence ntawm cov av yuav ua tau me ntsis sprinkle nrog av.
Nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo ntawm lub neej, tsob ntoo tsis fertilized. Ua kom zoo li niaj zaus khaus, ywg dej thiab xoob. Dej nws raws li cov av dries.
Nyob rau hauv qhuav thiab kub huab cua - 3-4 zaug ib hlis twg. Ib tsob nroj yog nchuav tsis pub tsawg tshaj 4-5 thoob dej. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, lub pob tw ntawm tsob ntoo yog zoo warmed.
Nrog rau qhov pib ntawm fruiting - fertilizing nce. Thawj yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, ua ntej flowering. Koj muaj peev xwm siv ib tug daws ntawm poov tshuaj sulfate thiab urea.
Qhov thib ob hnav khaub ncaws yog ua thaum pib ntawm lub ripening ntawm berries (nitrophoska).
Qhov thib peb - tom qab xaiv berries (phosphorus thiab poov tshuaj). Nyob rau hauv Autumn khawb, koj muaj peev xwm ua kom cov organic fertilizer. Txhua txhua 4-5 xyoo cov av yog txiv qaub.
Thawj pruning ntawm seedlings nqa tawm ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm cog. Cia tawm 6-8 ntawm feem zog tshaj ceg thiab txo lub pob tw me ntsis.
Tsim cov pruning Shubinki siv txhua xyoo, nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thaum lub sij hawm thawj 4-5 xyoos, ua ntej qhov kawg tsim ntawm lub crown.
Los ntawm lub sij hawm no los ntawm tsob ntoo yuav tsum muaj txog 7-8 loj loj ceg.
Txhua xyoo tua luv, tawm hauv tsis pub ntau tshaj 40-50 cm
Kev saib xyuas zoo yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rau lub caij nyoog tawm ntawm paus keeb kwm, txiav tawm tshaj, crown-thickening tua thiab pruning ntawm qub thiab diseased ceg. Coj tus txheej txheem txhua xyoo, thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
Kab mob thiab kab tsuag
Txawm tias nws yooj yim thiab lub caij ntuj no hardiness, plab tsho tiv no zoo nkauj feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm coccomycosis thiab qee zaum yuav raug tawm tsam dim moth. Yuav ua li cas los tiv thaiv tus ntoo los ntawm cov teeb meem no?
Coccomycosis los ntawm funguscuam tshuam cherry nplooj. Yog hais tias tus kab mob no yog pib, ces tus berries tej zaum yuav raug kev txom nyem. Thaum kis mob, me me liab plawv tshwm nyob rau sab sauv ntawm nplooj.
Sij hawm dhau mus, lawv loj hlob thiab npog tag nrho cov nplooj, thiab nyob rau hauv qis ib feem ntawm nplooj ntoos ib pinkish Bloom ntawm mushroom spores yog tsim.
Xws li nplooj qhuav sai sai thiab poob tawm. Tsob ntoo zuj zus, nres nres zuj zus, ua rau tsis tshuav tsawg-thiab tsis tuag.
Lub fungus overwinters nyob rau hauv lub qub poob nplooj, yog li nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau txhua xyoo nqa tawm meej tu thiab loosening ntawm tsob ntoo pob tw. Tag nrho cov nplooj yuav tsum tau shoveled thiab hlawv.
Nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus tawm tsam coccomycosis, caij nplooj ntoos hlav kev kho mob ntawm ntoo nrog 3% Bordeaux sib tov los yog urea daws pab zoo. Nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm flowering yuav siv oxychloride tooj liab.
Ntawm cov ntau yam resistant rau coccomycosis, ib tug yuav tsum them sai sai rau Tsarevna Felt, Podbelskaya, Ashinskaya Steppe thiab Zhivitsa.
Kev khiav tawm mole txau on buds, cov tub ntxhais hluas nplooj, buds thiab buds ntawm Cherry. Lub caterpillars ntawm no moth pupate nyob rau hauv cov av nyob rau hauv ib tsob ntoo thiab thaum pib ntawm lub caij ntuj sov tig mus rau butterflies.
Koj tuaj yeem tiv moths nrog ntoo kev kho mob nrog insecticides, raws li tau zoo raws li kev khawb thiab loosening cov av.
Cov laus, lub sij hawm kuaj tau Shubinka ntau yam tau hloov los ntawm ntau yam hluas thiab muaj ntau yam, nrog ntau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo nkauj thiab cua, siab yields thiab kab mob tsis kam. Nyob rau hauv muaj teb, qhov no ntau yam tsis tau cog rau ib lub sij hawm ntev.
Ntawm qhov zoo ntawm ntau yam yuav tsum tau sau tseg:
- zoo heev lub caij ntuj no hardiness;
- ib feem ntawm tus kheej fertility;
- zoo tawm los.
Cov kev tsis zoo muaj xws li:
- qaub berries;
- sim tsis haum rau coccomycosis.
Tab sis txawm li no, Shubinka tsis poob qhov chaw.
Shubinki berries ua zoo jams thiab preserves, thiab feem ntau yuav pom nyob rau hauv qub teb thiab nyob rau hauv suburban cheeb tsam ntawm cheeb tsam Moscow.
Ntawm qhov nrov thiab unpretentious ntau yam sawv tawm lub cherries Vianok, Dessert Morozova thiab Lebedyanskaya.
