Kub-hlub qab zib Cherry yog zoo rau nws cov tshiab thiab Sweet saj, qaub cherries ua zoo jam.
Yuav ua li cas muab cov nta ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm Rosaceae tsev neeg?
Cov lus teb raug muab los ntawm cov neeg cog lus, tsim los ntawm kev sib tshuam hla, cultivar - Cherry-Cherry hybrid.
Cherry, Sweet Cherry los yog hybrid?
Pib, ob qho tib si Cherry thiab Sweet Cherry muaj ib lub npe - "noog lws".
Nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb ntawm teb chaws Europe, relying on lub peculiarities ntawm saj, cov nroj tsuag tau dej num raws li "qaub cherries" thiab "Sweet cherries".
Muaj, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th ntau yam tshwm sim "Mai-Dyuk" los ntawm random pollination ntawm Cherry cherries.
Vim tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov hla kev, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ua rau ntau dua thiab sweeter tshaj li tus cherry zoo tib yam, thiab coj cov neeg ua teb koom nrog xaiv los ua hauj lwm txhob txwm tsim "Cherries". Yog li ntawd muaj ib pawg ntawm interspecific hybrids - dukes.
Nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, thawj duke tshwm nyob rau hauv 1926 nyob rau hauv lub chaw zov me nyuam ntawm I. V. Michurin hu ua "Neeg dub".
Thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 20, breeders twb ua hauj lwm rau yielding thiab Frost tsis kam, kis mus rau sab qaum teb. Dhau li ntawm kev tswj kom tshem tawm tshiab ntau yam ntawm fungal raug tus kab mob ntawm Cherry - coccominose.
Muaj tseeb Dyuk samobesplodny, uas yuav tsum tau lub obligatory muaj nyob rau hauv lub vaj teb ntawm ib tug txhim khu kev qha pollinator - Sweet cherries.
Pab: Koj tuaj yeem tau txais ib duk los ntawm grafting ib tug qab zib Cherry on ib tug Cherry Tshuag. Txawm li cas los, xws li ib tug hybrid siv paus heev nyuaj, nws tsis yeej ib txwm pib dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tab sis yog hais tias ob hom ntawm koom nrog kev vam meej, ib tug high tawm los thiab high quality ua lag luam ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo await lub gardener.
Xws li high yields muaj qhia los ntawm xws li ntau yam li Chernokorka, Dub Loj, Qhob noom xim kasfes thiab Generous.
Ntau cov lus piav qhia Qho khoom ua si
Nyob rau hauv lub Xeev Registry ntawm Cherry-Cherry hybrid tau qhia nyob rau hauv 1996 raws li ib tug Cherry khoom noj khoom haus, tsim Lub koom haum ntawm Irrigated Tebchaw ntawm Ukraine. MF Sidorenko.
Tshaj tawm koj ntau yam pom nyob rau sab qaum teb Caucasus, qhov twg cultivated li universal.
Cherry Toy - piav qhia ntawm "niam txiv" ntawm ntau yam:
- Cherry "Lyubskaya" - tsis muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb sau, tab sis tau txais thoob plaws hauv txij li thaum 1947 nyob rau hauv central Russia; fruitfulness ntawm ib tug nroj tsuag los ntawm lub xyoo 3 thiab mus rau nce mus rau 25 xyoo; khoom tsim tau ncav 12 kg ntawm maub liab liab txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm ib tsob ntoo; Frost-resistant; tolerates ntev nqa;
- Cherry "Hnub ci pob" - txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntoo ntawm Melitopol yug me nyuam (Ukraine) tuaj rau hauv fruition kuj nyob rau hauv lub xyoo thib 3; amazing productivity - 40 kg ntawm ib tsob ntoo; txiv hmab txiv ntoo luj - 15 grams; Frost kuj yog siab; tiv taus cov kab mob thiab kab tsuag.
Qhov zoo sib xws thiab sib txawv ntawm cherries thiab cherries.
| Zoo sib xws | Txawv |
| 1. Ib hom khoom loj ntawm hom vim tshwm sim los ntawm kev txhawb nqa ntawm kev yug me nyuam. | 1.Cherry muaj tsiaj qus cov poj koob yawm txwv; Cherry - ib yam khoom ntawm hybridization. |
| 2. Loj hlob hauv thaj tsam ntawm Russia. | 2. Cherry - qhov txhia chaw, qab zib Cherry tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam yav qab teb. |
| 3. Ob hom kab no tuaj yeem ua rau tsob ntoo. | 3. Muaj ntau yam ntawm cov txiv ntoo cherries. Cherry muaj qia qia. |
| 4. Paj samobesplodny los yog bisexual. | 4. Lub paj yog sawv cev: nyob rau hauv lub Cherry by paired ovaries, nyob rau hauv Cherry - los ntawm ntau yam bouquet inflorescences. |
| 5. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm berries nrog ib lub pob zeb. | 5. Berries sib txawv xim: nyob rau hauv Cherry - tag nrho ntxoov liab; lub cherries ntau los ntawm dawb thiab daj mus rau xim liab thiab dub. Cov nqaij ntawm Cherry yog juicier. Cherry Berry yog loj thiab ntau fleshy, nrog ib tug yooj yim separable pob txha. |
| 6. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog ntev ntev. | 6. Hloov nplooj. |
| 7. Los ntawm cov xim ntawm daim tawv nqaij. | 7. Qoob loo kab rov tav. |
| 8. Ob qho nroj tsuag muaj cuam tshuam los ntawm grey pwm. | 8. Kab mob raug rau cherries - coccomycosis - tsis txaus ntshai rau cherries. |
Ntxiv rau hauv tsab xov xwm koj yuav pom hauv daim duab seb cov khoom ua si zoo li cas.
Diam duab
Zoo li cas Cherry khoom ua si zoo li?
Nta
Dyukovy Cherry Cherry ntau yam tau txais nws lub npe rau cov tsis zoo nkauj zoo nkauj ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj loj thiab yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm:
- Cherry Qho khoom ua si yog qhov muaj zog ntau yam uas muaj tsob ntoo tuaj txog 7 meters siab;
- dav sprawled los yog oval zoo li tus yas;
grey, zoo li cherry, bark ntawm lub pob tw thiab cov ceg ntoo pob txha, uas yoov me ntsis;- tua, tuab thiab txawm, xim av xim av;
- xiav ntsuab nplooj ntawm cov khoom loj thiab ovoid duab; qhov kawg ntawm lub nplooj ntoos yog taw thiab bent, thiab nplooj ntoos phaj yog me ntsis concave raws vib lub central;
- qhov serrated ntug thiab tuab paus ua tiav lub tswv yim ntawm nplooj;
- dawb samobesplodnye paj uas tshwm feem ntau nyob rau hauv txhua xyoo nce thiab raug sau nyob rau hauv lub paj paj inflorescences (3-4 pieces);
- txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm loj (txog 9 gr.) berries maub liab: lawv muaj ib daim tawv nyias thiab cov pob txha uas yooj yim;
- qhov saum npoo ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog du thiab ci nrog me ntsis txiv hmab txiv ntoo funnel thiab ib tug "plab" seam;
- kua txiaj ntsim, pleev xim rau hauv nplua nuj tsaus xim liab;
- Berry muaj piam thaj cov ntsiab lus - 10.9%, acids - 1.5% thiab yog li ntawd - ib tug qab zib-thiab-qaub saj, kwv yees los ntawm tasting nplai nyob rau hauv 4.6 ntsiab lus;
- universal hom phiaj hom phiaj: khoom noj qab zib thiab khoom raw li kev tsim cov dej caw thiab kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo;
- pib ntawm fruiting grafted seedlings los ntawm thib 3 xyoo;
- lig ripening txiv hmab txiv ntoo - los ntawm nruab nrab Lub yim hli ntuj;
- siab yields thiab nce xyoo nce rau xyoo;
- Nruab nrab tawm los ntawm ib tug 10-xyoo-laus ntoo - 45-50 kg;
zoo drought siab kam rau;- Frost tsis kam rau ib tsob ntoo nyob hauv - 25 ° C (feem ntau yog pob kws txias thiab paj yog lam tau lam ua kom txias);
- tsis kam mus rau fungal kab mob - tseem ceeb rau no kab lis kev cai.
grey, zoo li cherry, bark ntawm lub pob tw thiab cov ceg ntoo pob txha, uas yoov me ntsis;
zoo drought siab kam rau;Zoo heev tsis kam mus rau fungal kab mob qhia ntau yam Molodezhnaya, Morozovka, Nadezhda thiab Novella.
Lub peculiarity ntawm nws tus kheej-barrenness ntawm ntau yam yuav tsum tau zoo pollinators nyob rau hauv lub nyob rau hauv lub vaj teb uas nyob ib sab, uas Cov kws txawj ntse pom zoo: Cherry ntau yam "Minx" thiab "Samsonovka" cherries - "Krupnoplodnaya", "Valery Chkalov", "Franz Yauxej".
Qhov ntau yam yog pom zoo raws li cog lus thiab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv txuas ntxiv ntawm yug me nyuam ua hauj lwm kom nce lub tawm los thiab tsis kam mus rau pathogenic fungi thiab cov kab mob.
Cultivation thiab kev kho mob
Nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, keeb kwm, nws muab tawm hais tias Cherry tom qab Kua yog txiav txim siab ua ob feem tseem ceeb vaj teb qoob loo. Muaj tseeb, ntau xyoo, thaj tsam ntawm nws txoj kev yuav txo.
Vim li cas:
- kev hloov hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm thaj av thiab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm tshwj xeeb liaj teb;
- nquag manifestation ntawm climatic anomalies (kub lub caij ntuj sov, sov winters);
- wildness ntawm varietal cov ntaub ntawv ntawm uncontrolled over-pollination;
- txo cov lag luam xav kom cherries vim lub expansion ntawm lub lag luam rau cov khoom noj txiv kab ntxwv txawv;
- kis, imported mus rau hauv peb lub teb chaws los ntawm Western Europe, fungal kab mob, txawv txawv txias-resistant ntau yam.
Rau kev vam meej kev loj hlob thiab fruiting ntawm Cherry ntoo koj xav tau:
- Xaiv txoj cai tsaws chaw: ntawm qhov nce, nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm lub teeb thiab cua.
- Nws yog tsim nyog los cog nyob rau hauv lub tuam txhab ntawm 3-4 kwv tij neej tsadiffering hauv maturity rau nrug ntawm 2 m ntawm txhua lwm yam.
- Nrog rau xaiv ntawm tsim ntau yam, muaj yuav tsum yog ib tug xaiv ntawm seedlings peev xwm ntawm zoo rooting.
- Nws yog tsim nyog los tsim ib lub crown nyob ze ntawm ib tsob ntoo, xav tias, piv txwv li, Qho khoom ua si, nws txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau ntawm txhua xyoo tua.
- Qhov no qoob loo prefers medium loamy, lub teeb xau deb ntawm lub aquifer, txawm lub stagnation ntawm yaj dej yog teeb meem rau cov nroj tsuag.
- Rau cov av oxidation nyob rau hauv Cherry plantings ib zaug txhua txhua 3 xyoo lawv tau chalking:
- av av -300-500gr. ib square meter;
- loams - 600-800 gr;
- sod-podzolic - 300-800.
Crown pruning yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv thiaj li:- formations;
- thinning;
- tsau tshuaj (kom tshem ceg lossis puas ceg ntoo).
- On ciam teb ntawm lub caij ntuj no thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav los tiv thaiv lub pob tw los ntawm sunburn - nws, zoo li skeletal ceg, yog whitened los yog qhwv nyob rau hauv ob txheej ntawm daim ntawv dawb.
- Tshaj chiv yog siv nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no nrog ib tug compost txheej (txog li 10 cm) thiab mulched nrog peat.
- Watering Cherry ntoo yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav ntau thiab yog nqa tawm los ntawm lub nplhaib furrows ntawm ib tug deb ntawm ib nrab ib Meter los ntawm pob tw. Ib lub sijhawm mus txog 15 litres dej yog poured rau hauv furrow thiab prutrivayut qhuav nyom los ntawm nws sai evaporation. Tshaj tawm lub caij nyoog, nyob ntawm seb hnub nyoog li cas, 4-9 thoob rau hauv txhua tsob ntoo, tsom ntsoov rau cov theem tseem ceeb ntawm kev cog kev loj hlob:
- tawg;
- ripening ntawm ovary;
- nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm kev sau;
- ua ntej tawm hauv cov nroj tsuag nyob rau lub caij ntuj no.
- Rau cov huab cua hloov pauv, hauv av yog loosened thiab pierced nrog tib rab diav rawg.
- Kev kho mob nrog cov tshuaj tua kab ("Mustang", "Cifox", "Inta-Vir") - kev tiv thaiv ua ntej ub los ntawm kab tsuag. Cov kaus mom yog tiv thaiv tiv thaiv cov nas tsuag los ntawm strapping nrog cov vov tsev los yog cov kab xo.
On tsaus me ntsis, nplooj ntoos ziab thiab raum tuag yog txiav txim siab loj cov kab mob ntawm Cherry:- grey lauj kaub;
- perforated spotting;
- cocmmycosis;
- monilioz;
- gum kho mob.
Crown pruning yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv thiaj li:
On tsaus me ntsis, nplooj ntoos ziab thiab raum tuag yog txiav txim siab loj cov kab mob ntawm Cherry:Nws tseem ceeb heev: 5-7% daws ntawm ferrous sulfate tsis tsuas yog ib txoj kev kho mob rau fungal kab mob, tab sis kuj nce nceeg nyob rau hauv tshiab ceg thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo buds!
Siv txiv hmab txiv ntoo
Cov kev lag luam canning tau lom zem ntau alleviated plight ntawm gardeners, perplexed los ntawm qhov teeb meem ntawm kev ua ib tug bountiful sau. Tab sis qhov kev npaj ntawm compotes, juices, hauv tsev li dej yog tseem qhov tseem ceeb.
Los ntawm Cherry-Cherry txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav npaj:
- ceev khov rau sau pies thiab dumplings, ua noj khoom qab zib;
- Cherry sauce rau nqaij lauj kaub tais diav;
- qhuav cherries rau zaub nyoos thiab compotes;
- marinated cherries raws li ib qho ntxiv rau cov nqaij lauj kaub tais diav;
- Cherry jam nrog los sis tsis muaj pob zeb;
- confiture;
- jam;
- marmalade;
- Cherry sherbet;
- sterilized cherries yam uas tsis muaj suab thaj.
Raws li xws li, lub caij ntawm tau ntawm pab berries yuav kav kom txog thaum tom ntej no sau.
Qhov zoo ntawm cherry cherries li qib-dukes ua "Toy" tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev thov rau lub teb chaws npas, vim hais tias txhua tus hlub nws yuav txaus siab nrog loj, nthuav tawm berries, thiab txawm nrog xws li ib tug tawm los ntawm cov ntoo.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo no tsis ntshai kev thauj mus los, zoo cia rau hauv daim ntawv thiab ua rau txhua tus neeg muaj kev zoo siab ntawm lub caij ntuj sov hauv lub caij ntuj no hnyav.
Ntawm cov universal ntau yam yuav tsum tau them sai sai mus rau tib lub hnub nyoog, Volochaevka thiab Lighthouse.
Saib cov yees duab uas koj yuav pom cov Cherry ntau yam khoom ua si:
