Yog hais tias ib tug neeg xav hais tias los ntawm cog ib tsob ntoo ntoo ntawm nws dacha, nws yog guaranteed muab nws tus kheej nrog ib tug ntau tshaj sau ntawm apples rau tus so ntawm nws lub neej, ces ib tug yuav ua tau heev poob siab.
Cog ib tsob ntoo (zoo li yug me nyuam tub) yog thawj kauj ruam me me rau txoj kab ntev uas koj yuav tsum tau mus dhau los ua ntej thawj zaug ntawm koj txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm rau lawv tus kheej. Ib tsob ntoo, zoo nkaus li ib tug me nyuam, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tas li, txwv tsis pub kab mob thiab kab tsuag tuaj yeem tsim kev puas tsuaj rau koj cov me nyuam.
Vim li cas koj yuav tsum tau tsuag cov ntoo thiab cov nroj tsuag hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav
Pib ntawm lub caij, uas yog, lub sij hawm thaum lub vaj teb ntoo thiab shrubs, waking li tom qab lub caij ntuj no txias, pib accumulate rog rau tsim ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj - qhov no yog lub sij hawm thaum koj xav tau tu lawv cov kev tiv thaiv kom ntau li ntau tau. Yog vim li ntawd Kho cov ntoo nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav tawm tsam pests thiab kab mob yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv vaj teb ua liaj ua teb.
Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, caij nplooj ntoos hlav yog ib tug sij hawm cunning. Nyob rau ntawm ib sab, tsob ntoo xav tau sij hawm kom rov qab tau ntev tom qab ntev nyob rau hauv huab cua loj heev ntawm qhov loj heev Frost, nyob rau lwm yam - ntau yam pests, muaj kuj zoo los ntawm hibernation, pib nquag noj on, eagerly attacking nyuam qhuav qhib nplooj thiab paj. Nws tsis yog xav tsis thoob hais tias kev saib xyuas ntawm cov ntoo nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav nrog qhov obligatory kev kho mob ntawm cov pests, vim hais tias yog tias koj tsis cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem, koj yuav tsis tos rau sau. Ntawm chav kawm, nws yuav tsis tau ua puas tsuaj tag nrho cov teeb meem kab nyob rau hauv lub vaj teb, tab sis xws li ib txoj hauj lwm yog tsis teem. Nws tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau pawg ntseeg tawm ntawm lub vaj, ua kom koj cov ntoo thiab cov nroj tsuag tsis zoo li tsim nyog rau tej yam kab tsuag, ob qho tib si ntawm cov zaub mov thiab ntawm txoj cai "nyob."
Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev cog qoob loo ntawm lub vaj teb los ntawm kab tsuag thiab kab mob yog tias lub sijhawm no tsis suav cov tshuaj lom cov tshuaj rau cov zes qe menyuam thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo (tsuas yog vim lawv tsis tau ua), yog li ntawd, cov kev tua kab nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav minimizes ntawm kev pheej hmoo ntawm tom ntej lom nrog xws li cov tshuaj raws li ib tug ntawm kev noj mov ua txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab berries.
Yog li, Lub ntsiab haujlwm ntawm kev txob vaj hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav yog los tiv thaiv kab tsuag thiab kab mob uas yuav pw hauv koj lub caij nyoog rau lub caij nyoog, suav nrog thaum siv cov tshuaj hu ua fungicides thiab insecticides yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov kev tu tsiaj txhu ntawm cov qoob loo.
Ntawm chav kawm, zoo tshaj plaws, peb txhua tus xav khav txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab berries zus "tsis muaj chemistry." Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tswj kom muaj kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev paub ntawm qhov kev faib ua feem. Cov neeg nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb tabtom tawmtsam los tsim kev tivthaiv rau ib lossis lwm hom kabmob cog kabmob, tabsis yuav tsum ua kom tsis txhob muaj teebmeem rau lwm tus, cov tsiaj no tsis tau ua tau, thiab nws tsis muaj peevxwm txhua qhov, vim hais tias "txhua tus noj txhua tus ". Yog li ntawd, peb yuav tsum xav tias cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo, uas tsis kis kab kab twg, yuav tsis zoo rau tib neeg, vim hais tias peb kuj yog ib feem ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsiaj.
Tsis tas li ntawd, txawm tias lub khw tsim koj los xij ntau yam (xws li, ib qho kua ntoo) uas tsis yog cuam tshuam los ntawm scab, nws tsim nyog kho cov lus zoo li no nrog kev ncaj ncees ntawm kev tsis ntseeg siab. Thiab qhov no tsis txhais tau hais tias koj raug lav. Qhov tseeb yog tias txoj kev loj hlob ntawm qee yam kab mob, zoo li kis tau ntawm ntau yam kab tsuag, nyob ntawm seb qhov txawv ntawm tej sab nraud uas pheej hloov. Tsis tas li ntawd, kab thiab cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob kis tau zoo li hloov siab thiab hloov kho kom muaj tseeb. Tsis xav tias lawv hais tias tib fungicide tsis tau siv nyob rau hauv lub vaj - cov kev npaj yuav tsum tau tas li hloov los xyuas kom meej qhov zoo tshaj plaws.
Lub ntsiab yeeb ncuab ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntoo, tawm tsam uas lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav spraying yog qhia, yog caterpillars, butterflies, ntau beetles thiab aphids. Yog li, yog tias koj tsis tua cov kua txiv ntoo thaum pib ntawm lub caij ntuj no, lub aphid pib nquag nqus cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm paj thiab paj, thiab deforms cov tawv ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo, sib sau ugly kev loj hlob ntawm nws, uas tom qab ntawd tawg thiab tig mus rau hauv qhov nqaij ntuag. Yog li ntawd, tsob ntoo yuav tso tseg thiab tuag. Tib qhov kev nyab xeeb nyob rau hauv tos rau pears, plums, apricots, Cherry plums thiab lwm yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntoo.
Maycha nyiam noj nplooj thiab ovaries, thiab nws nyiam delicacy yog plum tsob ntoo. Thaum tus neeg laus rampant nyob rau saum npoo, nws cov larvae ntau kis hauv paus system ntawm cov ntoo, uas yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txaus ntshai rau cov tub ntxhais hluas seedlings. Lub sij hawm txuag dej yuav pab tshem tau lub vaj teb kom zoo.
Caterpillars thiab butterflies kuj zoo siab noj zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm txiv apples, pears, plums thiab cherries, yog li kev tiv thaiv ntawm xws li cov ntoo, nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, yuav khaws cia yav tom ntej sau.
Qhov saum toj no mas siv rau kev kho mob ntawm cov nroj tsuag (dub thiab liab currants, gooseberries, raspberries, thiab lwm yam), txij li thaum nws yog nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav uas yooj yim kev ntsuas yuav tsum tau coj mus tiv thaiv tag nrho cov nroj tsuag ntawm pests thiab kab mob.
Yuav ua li cas spray cov ntoo nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov pests
Tam sim no, muaj ntau ntau kev xaiv dua los kho txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm pests nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Ua ntej, lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg:
- tshuaj lom neeg ua haujlwm;
- tshuaj preparations;
- "improvised" txhais tau tias, uas feem ntau yog siv los ntawm ob tus neeg sib tw ntawm thawj ob qho kev xaiv, xav txog txoj kev no zoo dua rau kev noj qab haus huv (thiab, ntawm chav kawm, ntau pheej yig).
Cov kab mob lom neeg
Cov khoom kho vaj tse lom ntshauv tuaj yeem ua nrov zuj zus raws li lwm txoj hauv kev sib tw rau Chemistry.
Cov nyhuv rau cov kab mob phem thiab cov kab mob uas tsis muaj teeb meem yog tsis siv los ntawm cov khoom tsim los ntawm cov khoom tsim kab mob, tiam sis los ntawm cov kab mob (kab mob, kab mob tua kab mob, kab mob antagonist, thiab kab txawm). Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li lwm txoj kev, tsis yog lub neej nyob yog siv, tab sis cov taug (biotoxin) zais cia los ntawm nws.
Koj puas paub? Cov kab mob nyob hauv uas ua kom cov kab tsuag tua kab yog hu ua "entomophages". Nyias tsim acarifagi - killer mites. Akarifagi tuaj yeem ua lwm yam: cov tsiaj txhu xws li cov kabmob, cov povtseg, cov kab txaij, cov yoov, thiab ntau yam kabmob devour. Tsis zoo li cov tsiaj txhu, lwm yam kab mob (parasites) nkag mus rau hauv kab, noj thaum nws siv nyiaj, uas thaum kawg ua rau yus tuag ntawm "tus neeg raug tsim txom".
Cov kabmob xws li roj ntsha tuaj yeem yog "qhov txhab" rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm nws tus kheej, tsim kom muaj cov neeg uas nyiam cov kab zoo. Lub luag haujlwm no muaj peev xwm ua tiav, hais, mustard, buckwheat, dill thiab lwm yam paj ntoo uas cog rau hauv lub tebchaws. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub vaj teb, xws li kev tiv thaiv kab mob feem ntau tsis txaus, yog li cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim ntau yam kev npaj raws li qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov kab mob zoo. Xav txog qee yam ntawm lawv."Trikhodermin" yog ib qho zoo heev antagonist ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm pathogenic fungi (nrog rau pathogens ntawm scab, ntau hom rot, lig blight thiab lwm yam tsis kaj siab). Cov nroj tsuag nws tus kheej tsis muaj kev tsim txom los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Trichoderma, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, no fungus tawm cov tshuaj uas ua rau cov nroj tsuag ntau resistant rau cov kab mob coj. Kev kho mob nrog rau cov tshuaj yuav nqa tawm los ntawm lub caij ntawm Bud so thiab ntxiv mus thoob plaws hauv lub caij.
"Planriz" yog ib hom kab mob hauv av uas tiv thaiv lub vaj zaub los ntawm powdery mildew, paus thiab paus rot, nplooj xeb, septoria (feem ntau infecting raspberries), raws li tau zoo li lepidopteran pests.
"Pentafag" - Ib txoj kev pov thawj los tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrog cov kab mob khees-xaws, thiab ua rau pob zeb-ntxig perforated spotting. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib tug zoo tiv thaiv ntawm scab thiab powdery mildew.
"Phytodoc" inhibits kev loj hlob ntawm pathogenic fungi thiab kab mob, nyob rau hauv kev, tiv thaiv txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntoo los ntawm lig blight, kab mob cancer, paus thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo rot, puab, powdery mildew, fusarium wilt, thiab lwm yam.
"Fitosporin-M" Nws tiv thaiv lub vaj teb tawm tsam fungal thiab kab mob kab mob xws li kab xau, wilt, lig blight, paus rot, powdery mildew, xim av xeb, thiab lwm tus.
"Mikosan" tiv thaiv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov ntoo ntawm fungal, kab mob thiab kis kab mob. Nws qhov kev txiav txim yog raws li npog cov kabmob ntawm cov nroj tsuag nrog ib cov yeeb yam tiv thaiv uas tsis cia cov pathogen mus ntaus lawv. Cov tshuaj ntxiv zog rau lub cev ntawm cov ntoo thiab pab nws kom tiv nrog tus kab mob nws tus kheej. Qhov no twj yuav tsum tau siv cais los ntawm lwm yam tshuaj, nyob rau hauv lub xam ntawm 0.1 kg ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv 4-8 liv dej.
"Gaupsin" muaj pov thawj yog ib qho zoo tshuaj tiv thaiv aphids, codling moth, leafworm, Cherry thiab plum flies. Ntawm cov kab mob, qhov cheeb tsam ntawm tus ntawm yeeb tshuaj yog powdery mildew, lig blight thiab lwm tus neeg. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub cuab yeej nyob hauv cov nroj tsuag nrog cov tsim nyog nitrogen.
"Bitoxibacillin" kuj zoo tiv thaiv lub vaj teb los ntawm gnawing thiab lepidopteran pests (kab laug sab mites, cabbage moths, haws, silkworms thiab lwm tus). Nws qhov kev txiav txim yog raws li qhov ua txhaum ntawm plab hnyuv ua haujlwm ntawm kab, raws li ib tug ntawm cov larva tuag.
"Actofit" tua caterpillars, ticks, whiteflies, aphids.
"Riverm" Nws muab kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam ntau cov kab mob ntawm cov ua cim fungal thiab, zoo li Gaupsin, tso nitrogen lwg me me los ntawm huab cua. Ib qho txawv ntawm cov tshuaj yog nws ceev heev, piv nrog lwm yam kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev tiv thaiv, qhov tshwm sim (lub hauv paus system ntawm tsob ntoo, cov khoom nquag muaj tsawg tshaj li ib nrab ib teev tom qab txau).
"Noj Qab Haus Huv Vaj" - Lwm twj los tiv thaiv cov ntoo ntawm aphids, moth, powdery mildew thiab lwm yam pests thiab kab mob.
Zuam thiab moth yuav pab tau tshem ntawm cov tshuaj "Fitoverm", los ntawm caterpillars ntawm silkworm, moth, scoops, moths, cabbage, lwm yam zoo li - "Lepidocide".
"Nemabakt" - Cov me me no yog cov kab me me uas nkag mus rau ntawm lub cev thiab ua kom puas ntsoog khiav ceev. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, cov kab mob me me no ua tau kom huv si tawm ntawm koj cov vaj teb ntawm cov kab tsuag, dhau qhov qub thiab mus txuas ntxiv rau lawv cov haujlwm "kev ua si" txij thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
Cov kab mob lom neeg muaj ntau yam tsis zoo: Lawv tsis ntim rau hauv av, tsis ua mob rau cov nroj tsuag, thiab lawv noj tau qis tshaj li lwm cov tshuaj. Tab sis muaj qee qhov teeb meem. Yeej, cov formulations no yuav tsum siv sij hawm ntau dua los ua kom tiav cov nyhuv, thaum tshuaj lom tshuaj lom neeg ua haujlwm ntau dua.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Kev siv cov khoom siv roj ntsha tuaj yeem pib thaum lub nruab nrab kub txhua hnub yog tsawg kawg yog +10°C. Nyob rau lub sij hawm no, kab mob pathogenic thiab kab tsuag, uas yog cov zaub mov ntawm cov kab mob uas sawv cev nyob rau hauv kev txhim kho roj ntsha, tsim tawm thiab pib tsim. Txwv tsis pub, xws li cov riam phom li biological yog powerless, yog li ntawd lub vaj teb tshaj plaws ua yuav tau nqa tawm tsuas yog nrog kev pab los ntawm Chemistry.
Tshuaj
Kev ua teb nrog tshuaj (tshuaj tua kab) yog suav tias yog txoj kev zoo tshaj los tiv thaiv cov ntoo thiab cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov kab mob thiab kab tsuag. 
Koj puas paub? Lo lus "tshuaj tua kab" los ntawm ob lo lus Latin: pestis (kis kab mob) thiab caedere (tua). Lub tswvyim ntawm "tshuaj tua kab" muaj xws li cov nram qab no ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg: herbicides - ua rau nroj tsuag, tshuaj tua kab - tiv thaiv kabmob phem, fungicides - tawm tsam pathogens ntawm cov kab mob fungal, zoocides - tiv thaiv cov tsiaj ntshav (piv txwv li, nas). Feem ntau, cov tshuaj tua kab, raws li tau pom los ntawm lawv lub npe, tua ib los yog lwm tus kab, txawm li cas los muaj cov sterilizers uas ua rau infertility, as well as kev loj hlob inhibitors uas suppress kev loj hlob ntawm kab.Cov tshuaj tua kab niaj hnub ua sai sai thiab khaws lawv cov nyhuv ntev, tiam sis, tsis zoo li biologics, lawv tuaj yeem tsim kom muaj kab tsuag.
Raws li tau hais los saum no, Kev kho mob ntawm cov nroj tsuag thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav tsis tsim kev puas tsuaj rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv los yog tsiaj nyeg, vim hais tias tom qab lub sij hawm tom qab daim ntawv thov, cov tshuaj tua kab feem ntau tau pauv. Lwm zoo dua ntawm tshuaj preparations yog tias lawv dissolve zoo hauv dej thiab mas muag nyob rau hauv yooj yim rau kev siv ceev pob.
Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis zoo li biologics, cov tshuaj tua kab tua kab tsuag yog qhov tseem ceeb heev: ntau tshaj qhov kev txhaj tshuaj tuaj yeem tsim kev puas tsuaj rau cov nroj tsuag (hlawv, qis tshua ntawm cov kabmob, kev tua pestles) thiab raug mob rau qhov chaw, thaum "tsis txaus" provokes lub teeb meem kev tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov tshuaj lom.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog ua hauj lwm nrog cov tshuaj kom ntau li ntau tau ua raws li txoj cai kev nyab xeeb, raws li cov tshuaj lom yuav tsim kev puas tsuaj rau tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu, tsis yog raug muab nqos xwb, tab sis kuj los ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab txoj hlab ntsws.Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws nqa tawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav kev ntawm ntoo thiab shrubs nrog tshwj xeeb ua npaj, uas yog ib tug sib tov ntawm fungicide thiab insecticide. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, cov nroj tsuag yog ib txhij tiv thaiv los ntawm ob qho tib si cov kab mob thiab cov pests.
Ib tug tau hloov rau xws li ib tug complex tshuaj yog dog dig urea. Thawj kev kho mob ntawm lub vaj teb nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav yog pom zoo kom nqa tawm ib tug ntau dua concentration ntawm urea (urea), ntxiv me ntsis tooj liab sulphate mus rau sib tov. Ib qho ntxiv kom zoo dua ntawm cov kab no yog nws qhov peev xwm los qeeb ntawm lub cev ntawm lub sij hawm luv luv (rau ib lub lim tiam los yog ob qho), thiab yog li ntawd, nws yog kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kev npaj txhij txog frosts thaum lub sij hawm flowering (qhov no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau plum ntoo).
Tom qab flowering, cov ntoo yuav tsum tau sprayed nrog ib tug tsawg feeb meej daws ntawm urea. Xws li ua yuav txuag tau lub vaj teb los ntawm aphids, leaflets, kua paj kab beetles, thiab crayfish.
Ib tug overdose ntawm urea muaj peev xwm ua rau tsim ntawm Burns nyob rau hauv daim ntawv phaj, yog li ntawd, diluting lub urea nrog dej, koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj heev.
Lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav spraying ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo nroj tsuag nrog tooj liab sulfate yog tseem nrov. Cov txheej txheem yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov Lub peb hlis ntuj, ua ntej cov tsos ntawm thawj buds, txij li qhov tshuaj tua kab no ua rau ib tug hlawv nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas nplooj mus cuag cov nyhuv concentration. Qhov kev zam yog qhov teeb meem thaum tsim nyog rau qhov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm cov ntoo.
Copper sulfate muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov kab mob ntawm curl, moniliosis, coccomycosis thiab nodulation, phyllosis, scab, thiab lwm yam kab mob. Lub tshuaj yog pom zoo kom kho plums, pears thiab apples.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Copper sulfate yog heev poisonous! Yog li, nws yuav tsum tiv thaiv cov tshuaj los yog nws cov seem ntawm nkag mus hauv dej lub cev lossis lwm qhov chaw ntawm dej, vim qhov no yuav ua rau tuag ntses thiab tsiaj txhu thiab tsim teeb meem loj rau cov neeg.Feem ntau, tooj liab sulfate yog tov hauv vaj huam sib luag nrog txiv qaub. Lub resulting sib tov yog hu ua Bordeaux kua thiab tiv thaiv lub vaj teb los ntawm feem ntau cov kab mob thiab cov pests, thaum raug raug harmless.
Cov tshuaj no thiab lwm yam tshuaj muaj yees, xws li "HOM" (tooj liab oxychloride), "Oxyh" (tooj liab oxychloride thiab oxadisyl), thiab lwm yam. Cov ntoo thiab cov nroj tsuag muaj kuab zoo los ntawm cov kab mob fungal, tab sis lawv yuav tsum tau siv tsis pub ntau tshaj ib zaug ib xyoos. Yog li ntawd, yog hais tias xws li ib tug spraying tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, ib tug txawv hom kev kho mob yuav tsum tau xaiv nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
Kom txog thaum lub buds muaj blossomed on cov ntoo, lawv muaj peev xwm yuav kho nrog hlau sulfate. Ntxiv rau kev tiv thaiv kab tsuag, cov tshuaj no muaj lwm txoj haujlwm - nws nourishes cov nroj tsuag nrog hlau, uas tsim nyog rau lawv txoj kev loj hlob zoo, qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov ntoo xws li txiv hmab txiv ntoo xws li txiv apples, pears thiab plums.
"Tshuaj 30 V" nrog rau thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav txau nws yog tsom ntawm kev puas tsuaj pests uas overwinter nyob rau bark ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntoo. Прежде всего это листовертка, червец, тля, белокрылка, щитовка и ложнощитовка, моль, медяница, плодовые клещи. Препарат образует на коре пленку, которая убивает "затаившихся" внутри личинок и уничтожает яйца насекомых.Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab yog lub sij hawm ntev heev ntawm kev cuam tshuam, raws li kev lag luam uas tiv thaiv kev siv nws ntau tshaj ib zaug txhua txhua peb lub xyoos.
Ib txhia gardeners txheej txheem lub vaj teb nrog diesel roj, tab sis cov khoom siv roj no muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo heev rau lub ecosystem. Yog li, yog tias koj tsis ua hauj lwm hauv lub tsheb npav, qhov twg "khau polish yog cia li muaj khob noom cookie", siv cov tshuaj tsis tshua muaj zog hauv vaj. Tab sis yog tias lawv txiav txim siab los siv sij hawm, cov tshuaj, ua ntej, yuav siv tau thaum ntxov (txawm ua ntej ob lub raum swell), ob zaug, nws cov concentration yuav tsum tsawg, thiab los txhim kho cov nyhuv nws zoo dua tsis tsuas yog dilute nrog dej, tab sis kuj mus sib tov nrog rau lwm cov tshuaj. Muaj ib qho kos: diesel roj yeej pab tiv thaiv tau cov kua ntoo lossis plum ntawm rotting, piv txwv li, thaum tsim kev tawg.
Pej xeem txoj kev kho
Rau tw ntawm chemistry, peb yuav pom zoo kom muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm pej xeem tshuaj siv rau caij nplooj ntoos hlav vaj ua. Ntawm no, txawm li ntawd los, nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg hais tias muaj ntau yam nroj tsuag uas tsim kev puas tsuaj rau kab tsuag, uas ua rau lub hauv paus rau txau, tsis tuaj yeem raug lub cev thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Hauv qhov no, tej zaum kuj siv tau cov khoom uas tau qhuav txij xyoo tas los no, tab sis yog hais tias "daim ntawv qhia" txhais tau hais tias muaj cov nroj tsuag tshiab, nws tuaj yeem siv tom qab theem, thiab thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoo hlav tiv thaiv cov ntoo nrog chemistry. Qhov tseeb, qhov kev qhia no zoo li cov tswvyim tshiab: txog thaum uas lub paj tau tawg, peb siv lub cev "hnyav" thiab kev tiv thaiv rau kev tsob ntoo rau nws tus kheej, thiab tom qab cov nplooj tawm, cov paj thiab qhov muag ntawm lub zes qe menyuam, peb siv lub "light version" raws li "kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv".
Rau spraying lub vaj teb siv xws li Kab Tsuag-tolerant nroj tsuag raws li: Tsob nroj tsuag (koj yuav tsum tau noj qoob loo), cov kua qaub (koj tuaj yeem siv qaug), cov ntoo qhuav (qhuav nplooj), qab zib thiab iab (koj xav tau cov tsho tshiab uas muaj nplooj, nplooj thiab paj), tansy (qhuav paj dawb), kab ntsig (koj muab tshuaj qhuav, chamomile, pharmacy, Dalmat, Caucasian (koj tuaj yeem nqa qaug), sarsazan (koj tuaj yeem qhuav qaug), lws suav saum (koj tuaj yeem siv qhuav los yog coj los ntawm xyoo dhau los compost), qij (pounded cloves), Pine koob, noog cherry qhuav ceg yoojyim), Sophora listohvostnaya los yog tolstoplodnaya (qhuav tshuaj ntsuab sau nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm flowering), haus luam yeeb (shag) thiab ntau lwm tus neeg.
Lub ntsiab cai ntawm kev npaj ntawm kev daws yog txog tib yam: cov ntaub ntawv raw yog crushed, tau sau nrog dej, infused thiab lim. Piv txwv, yog tias qhov xav tau, muaj peev xwm muab spied rau hauv net. Ntxiv nrog rau herbal npaj, Txau yog tseem nqa tawm nrog ib tug saline daws los yog ib tug daws ntawm superphosphate thiab poov tshuaj chloride (lub yav tas pab kom tshem ntawm aphids thiab nplooj ntoos-gnawing caterpillars).
Aphids thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tseem raug tshem tawm ntawm cov ntoo txiv ntoo nrog cov yeeb nkab plua plav (lawv tau nchuav rau cov quav cab, uas tau teem rau hluav taws hauv lub vaj).
Feem ntau, nws yuav hais tau tias pej xeem tshuaj rau kev ua teb yeej tsis yog teeb meem rau qhov chaw ua pa tshuaj (tab sis nws tseem ua tau kom hlawv ntoo nrog qee cov concentrates), tab sis lawv cov kev ua hauj lwm yog incommensurably qis.
Yog li, xaiv ib qho los yog lwm txoj kev tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau pib los ntawm ib lub party ntawm yam tseem ceeb: los ntawm huab cua mus rau lub vaj tse rau koj lub vaj, hnub nyoog ntawm cov ntoo, cov prevalence nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm cov cuab ntxhiab ntawm ib tug kab tsuag, thiab lwm yam. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom xaiv lub sijhawm zoo thaum koj npaj yuav ua cov txiv ntoo ntawm cov kab phem: hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thaum pib, thaum pib ntawm paj ntoo los yog tom qab ntawd.
Thaum kho vaj tse rau cov kab mob thiab cov kab tsim
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm pests nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, raws li peb twb to taub, yuav txawv. Qee qhov kev npaj yuav tsum tau siv thaum ntxov li ntxov tau, vim lawv cov aggressiveness, lwm tus yuav siv tau txawm tias thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo thiab tom qab tsim qe menyuam.
Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, muaj peev xwm ua tiav ntawm lub vaj nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav muaj xws li plaub theem:
Thawj spraying yog nqa tawm ua ntej buds pib swell nyob rau hauv txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntoo thiab shrubs.- Qhov thib ob yog kwv yees thaum lub sij hawm thaum lub raum yog nquag o.
- Nws yog pom zoo kom nqa tawm lub thib peb txau ua ntej flowering, tab sis thaum lub paj buds raug tsim thiab yog hais txog qhib.
- Plaub (qhov kawg ua tiav) yog ua tiav sai sai tom qab cog nroj tsuag lawm.
Thawj spraying yog nqa tawm ua ntej buds pib swell nyob rau hauv txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntoo thiab shrubs.Nta ntawm kev ua lub vaj nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav
Thawj qhov kev kho vaj tsev thawj zaug yog xam tias qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Nws yog zoo dua ua kom puas ntsoog tiv thaiv kab tsuag thiab cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob uas dhau los hauv cov tawv ntoo thiab ze-av av ua ntej lawv tuaj rau lawv qhov kev xav tau tom qab hibernation thiab pib ua haujlwm qis.
Lub caij snow tau tuaj, qhov kub tau hla xoom cim, nws muab ua ib hnub tsis muaj dab tsi - thiab tau ua hauj lwm!
Yuav ua li cas peb spray ntoo nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ua ntej Bud tawg, peb twb paub: peb siv tshuaj tua kab, qhov aggressiveness ntawm uas tsis tau txaus ntshai rau tsob ntoo, tab sis yog tuag rau cov kab tsuag.
Bordeaux kua rau thawj zaug txau siv nyob rau hauv ntau txog 3%. Koj tuaj yeem yuav cov khoom siv npaj txhij ua nrog xaiv cov khoom kom raug, thiab koj tuaj yeem ua tus yeeb tshuaj koj tus kheej los ntawm sib tov 0.45 kg ntawm txiv qaub thiab 0.3 kg ntawm tooj liab sulphate nyob rau hauv ib lub thoob dej (10 l).
Koj tseem tuaj yeem tsuag cov ntoo uas muaj Nitrofen los sis ib qho dej sov ntawm tooj liab thiab tooj liab sulfate (0.7 kg thiab 0.05 kg, feem ntau, hauv ib lub thoob dej). Es tsis txhob ntawm urea, ib txhia gardeners siv nitrogen los yog potash chiv, tiam sis tsis chlorine-muaj ones. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, fertilizer yuav tsum tau siv tam sim tom qab nws yug me nyuam, pub kom nws yuav poob tag nrho nws cov hauj lwm zoo.
Kho cov ntoo thiab shrubs yuav tsum tag - los ntawm pob tw (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm tawg) thiab ntoo trunks mus rau lub tswv yim ntawm ceg. Ua ntej txau, nco ntsoov ntxuav lub thoob nrog ib tug txhuam.
Tsis tas li, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias txawv nroj tsuag sawv tom qab lub caij ntuj no tsis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, yog li yog tias koj nruj nrog thawj kev kho mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ntxov ntoo thiab shrubs yuav hlawv. Yog li ntawd yog hais tias apples, pears thiab plums yog sprayed nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-Lub peb hlis ntuj, ces, hais tias, dub currant yuav muaj ib lub caij nyoog loj hlob ntxov. Yog li, nws yog qhov zoo dua los faib cov txheej txheem rau ntau theem ua ntej mus sim ntes ib hnub thiab vim li cas yaug cov menyuam yaus nrog tshuaj lom.
Txau ntoo thiab bushes ua ntej flowering
Raws li nws tau hais, ua ntej pib ntawm flowering, tom qab lub buds swell, thiab kuj muaj cai rau lub buds (ua ntej lawv Bloom), lub vaj teb yog rov kho. Yog tias txau nrog cov tshuaj tua kab, lawv lub zog yuav tsum siv (piv txwv, yog tias peb diluted Bordeaux kua nrog 3% ntawm kev kho thawj zaug, tam sim no peb siv 1% kua).
Txawm li cas los xij, nws nyiam nyob rau theem no los siv ntau cov khoom niaj hnub uas tuaj yeem muag hauv khw muag khoom tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, los ntawm tov lub fungicide "Chorus" thiab insecticide "Aktar", koj ib txhij tiv thaiv lub vaj teb los ntawm fungal kab mob thiab los ntawm pests. Tib lub sib tov tau reapplied tom qab flowering ntoo. Xws li cov tshuaj xws li "Fufanon", "Decis", thiab lwm yam tau muaj pov thawj lawv tus kheej zoo.
Lub nuances ntawm vaj teb ua thaum lub sij hawm flowering
Cov lus nug "Puas yog ua tau rau cov ntoo tsuag thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo?" Yog qhov teeb meem loj heev. Muaj ntau gardeners categorically tsis pom zoo no, vim hais tias nws yog ua tau kom puas inflorescences thiab cuam tshuam tag nrho tom ntej txheej txheem ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo teem.
Nyob rau hauv dav dav, muaj tsis muaj kev ntseeg hais tias thaum lub sij hawm flowering lub sij hawm nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom siv tau cov tshuaj tua kab uas yuav ua mob tsis tau tsuas yog paj, tab sis kuj bees tias nquag "ua hauj lwm" nyob rau hauv ib lub vaj flowering.
Yog tias ib qho laj thawj lossis lwm tus koj tsis muaj sij hawm los ua tus vaj teb ua ntej pom cov paj, nws tseem zoo dua tom qab tsis tau. Kev ua ntawm lub vaj teb thaum lub sij hawm no yuav tiv thaiv ntawm tsob ntoo los ntawm aphids, ticks, leafworms, creepers, sawflies thiab lwm yam pests, raws li tau zoo raws li los ntawm ntau insidious kab mob. Phosphorus-muaj cov tshuaj preparations yuav siv, piv txwv li, Fufanon los yog Actellic. Thaum siv sij hawm sov, siv "Fitoverm", "Akarin", "Iskra Bio", "Entobacterin" thiab lwm yam khoom lom, vim peb nco ntsoov tias lawv muaj kev nyab xeeb rau tsob ntoo, tiam sis tuag taus rau cov kab mob kis thiab kab teeb meem.
Kho cov ntoo thiab shrubs tom qab flowering
Txau txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab shrubs tom qab flowering yog kawg theem ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav vaj tiv thaiv los ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov pests.. Nws lub ntsiab lub hom phiaj yog ua kom puas lub caterpillars ntawm moth, codling moth, weevils, moths, aphids, ticks thiab kom tiv thaiv tau cov kab mob ntawm lub vaj teb.
Kev ua yuav tsum tau nqa tawm tsis pub dhau peb lub lis piam tom qab cov ntoo thiab shrubs ploj.
Muaj ib qho loj ntawm niaj hnub npaj rau kev ua vaj teb thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm, yog li ntawd yuav tsum tsis muaj teeb meem nrog kev xaiv ntawm ib tug tshaj plaws haum. Tab sis dab tsi raws nraim tsis yog nqis nqis spraying cov ntoo tom qab flowering, yog li nws yog tshuaj tua kab nyob rau hauv high concentration. Nws zoo dua nyob rau theem ntawm no kom zoo dua rau biologics lossis ntau cov neeg ua haujlwm tshuaj lom neeg. Rau Txiav Txim ntawm cov ntoo txiv ntoo, piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem siv cov tshuaj nram qab no: Brunka, Blue Bordeaux, Fital, Delan, Saprol, Fury, Fastak, Talstar, Fufanon, "Decis", "Karate", "Confidor", "Aperkot", "Koragen".
Cov "Skor" fungicide pom zoo rau siv nyob rau theem no kuj zoo thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom. Qhov kev xaiv yog nyob ntawm ntau yam, tshwj xeeb yog, txhua txoj kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv txog kev tiv thaiv qee yam kab tsuag, uas, tig mus, muaj lawv nyiam ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Yog li, nyeem cov lus qhia thiab xaiv qhov sib xyaw kom haum.
Yog li, piv txwv li, rau ib tug apricot, qhov teeb meem loj tshaj yog perforated spotting thiab monilial hlawv, los ntawm pests - aphid, leafworm, moth.
Peach, blooming, feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm curvature ntawm foliage thiab blooming, thiab nws yog feem ntau rov los ntawm pinworm. Plum ntoo yog susceptible rau moniliosis, klyasterosporosis, thiab polystygosis, ntawm kab lawv cov yeeb ncuab tseem ceeb yog ticks, aphids, leafworms, noob moths. Cherry thiab Cherry orchards tom qab flowering muaj peev xwm kis loj hlob Bloom thiab coccomycosis. Cherry flies hlub mus qe qe nyob rau hauv tev ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm lawv qhov chaw, thiab cov ntoo kuj muaj kab mob aphids thiab npauj.
Kua ntoo thiab pears txom nyem los ntawm scab thiab powdery mildew, los ntawm pests rau lawv lub codling mite, mites, aphids, thiab sawflies yog txaus ntshai.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nyob rau theem no nws yog zoo dua rau sprinkle lub vaj teb nyob rau hauv thaum yav tsaus ntuj: lub caterpillars zais nyob rau hauv nplooj ntawm xaiv lub ovaries thiab ntsuab loj noj thaum hmo ntuj, nyob rau hauv uas tshuaj lom yog tos rau lawv. Yog hais tias tus yeeb tshuaj tau ua hauj lwm, thaum sawv ntxov koj yuav muaj peev xwm saib ib lub phenomenon loj: ib tug loj xov tooj ntawm cov tuag caterpillars dai ntawm cov ceg ntawm nyias cobwebs.
Yuav ua li cas leg cov ntoo thiab shrubs los ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov pests
Los ntawm loj thiab loj, koj tuaj yeem ua raws li koj nyiam, tiam sis kev ruaj ntseg (koj li thiab cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig koj), thiab kom ua tiav qhov siab tshaj plaws, nws zoo dua yog ua raws qee txoj cai thiab cov lus pom zoo.
Nws yog tsim nyog yuav pib txau ntawm krone, maj mam txav mus. Cov theem kawg yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub voj voog (nws tseem ceeb heev kom tsis txhob hnov qab nqe lus no). Nrog rau kev zam ntawm lub xeem txau, uas yog nqa tawm thaum lub sij hawm ntawm active "ua hauj lwm" ntawm caterpillars, nws yog ib qhov zoo dua rau kho cov ntoo los ntawm thaum ntxov thaum sawv ntxov.
Rau cov txheej txheem koj xav tau xaiv hnub tsis muaj cua qhuav qhuav. Nug txog huab cua qhov kev twv thiab yog tias nag los xav txog hnub tom qab, ncua sijhawm rau ob peb hnub. Nrog tsawg heev noo noo, cov khoom ua rau absorbs sai dua thiab ua rau tsawg dua kev puas tsuaj rau cov nroj tsuag. Ib qho kev zam tsuas yog qee cov khoom lom, uas, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, yuav tsum tau muaj cov dej noo, yog li ua ntej siv lawv, nyeem cov lus qhia. Nws tseem ceeb heev rau kev xam cov tshuaj uas yuav tsum tau siv, vim tias nws rov qab siv dua tom qab qee lub sij hawm tsis tsim nyog: koj yuav tsum tau dilute ntau npaum li koj xav tau hnub no txoj kev kho mob. Nws li nram no los ntawm qhov kev qhia no: txog 5-6 l ntawm cov kua "nplooj" rau ib tus neeg laus ntoo, 0.5 rau 1.5 l rau cov nroj tsuag thiab cov ntoo ntawm cov ntoo, nyob ntawm lawv qhov loj.
Thaum kawg, yuav kom ua hauj lwm zoo, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob muab tso rau hauv ib lub thoob thiab txaws rau ntawm ib tsob ntoo - yuav ib tug niaj hnub sprayer zoo dua. Niaj hnub no, tuam ntxhab muaj kev xaiv dav dav ntawm cov qauv uas yuav cia koj xaiv qhov zoo tshaj nyob ntawm seb koj qhov vaj tsev loj npaum li cas (lawv txawv ntawm qhov ntim thiab hwj chim, zoo, thiab, raws li, hauv nqe). Tsob ntoo uas muaj qoob cog qoob loo thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas tuaj yeem kho tau nrog ib qho chaw pov tseg zoo tib yam, thiab rau lub vaj loj loj nws kuj yuav tsim nyog yuav ib qho khoom siv kim heev tab sis pom tau zoo heev.
Tsis txhob hnov qab txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev nyab xeeb ntawm tus kheej. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom nkag siab tias yuav ua li cas lub tshuaj yeeb tshuaj uas koj ua hauj lwm thiab, nyob ntawm qhov no, los kho koj tus cwj pwm. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, lub ntsej muag yuav tsum tau them nrog lub taub ntsev los yog ntaub nplaum ntsej muag, cov plaub hau yuav tsum tau them nrog lub taub hau los yog lub thaiv, thiab qhov muag tiv thaiv nrog tsom iav. Hnav cov hnab looj tes thiab nws feem ntau zoo dua tsis tawm ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Khaws cov tsev neeg (tshwjxeeb yog cov menyuam yaus) thiab tsiaj txhu.
Caij nplooj ntoos hlav ua teb yog ib txoj hauv kev nyuaj, yuav tsum muaj kev tu ncua ntau zog thiab nyiaj txiag, nrog rau kev paub zoo txog kev ua liaj ua teb. Thiab tsis tau koj ua tsis tau nws, ntawm chav kawm, yog tias koj suav ntawm lub neej ntev ntawm cov ntoo los yog cov nroj koj cog thiab koj xav sau ib tug zoo me me sau txhua xyoo.
