Hauv tsev qhob cawv, los ntawm txhua yam uas nws tau ua, yuav tsum tau kho. Cov txheej txheem no yuav pab kom nws cov saj ntau dua thiab haus cov dej kom ntev.
Cov txheej txheem nws tus kheej yog yooj yim: koj yuav tsum tau siv dej sov, haus dej cawv los yog tincture thiab qab zib. Yuav ua li cas nrog nws thiab dab tsi yog qhov fastening tshuab - peb yuav paub ntxiv.
Dab tsi yog qhov yuav tsum tau kho wine?
Vim li cas qhov no tiav:
- Mount nres lub fermentation ntawm haus thiab pab kom qee kom nws. Tag nrho cov khoom ua rau excess mus rau sediment, thiab cov kua ntshiab ntshiab.
- Qhov no yuav nres lub fermentation ntawm cawu cub, evaporation qab zib.
- Cov txheej txheem yuav txuag cov dej haus los ntawm cov kab mob - pwm thiab souring. Nws yuav tsum tseg ntev dua.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Fortified wine feem ntau wrongly hu ua tsawg-haus dej, nrov npe hu ua "yws". Qhov tseeb, qhov yws yog tsim los ntawm ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo los yog txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab nws muaj cov kua dej qab ntsev thiab suab thaj. Nws lub hom phiaj - pheej yig thiab ua rau qaug dej qaug cawv, thaum haus dej haus tsis tau zoo heev.
Cov txheej txheem yog kwv yees thaum haus dej tau mus txog lub xeev uas tsim nyog - feem ntau nws yog qhov taw qhia ntawm lub zog ntawm 10% vol.
Muaj zog thiab khoom qab zib nplua nuj muaj zog heev subspecies. Hauv cov dej khov muaj zog, qhov haus cawv nce mus txog 20%, thaum haus cov dej qab zib, qhov tsis muaj ntau tshaj 17%. Qhov thib ob hom muaj ntau qab zib nyob rau hauv composition - los ntawm 21%, whereas nyob rau hauv thawj ib nws tsis yog ntau tshaj 14%.
Piv txwv ntawm fortified caw yog chaw nres nkoj caw thiab sherry. Nyob rau hauv xws li dej haus, cov dej cawv yog mus txog 22 °. Cov dej haus cawv, kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, los yog npaj ua ntej txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav siv tau los kho lawv.
Yuav ua li cas los xam lub fortress:
- Coj kom zoo dua ntawm lub cub meter - qhov no yog tsim rau tsuas yog haus dej los ntawm cov txiv hmab, dhau li ntawd, nws yuav ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv twb clarified thiab purified cawu cub.
- Lub tshuab refractometer yog ntsuas lub ntsuas uas yuav qhia tau qhov ntom ntawm lub wort ua ntej fermentation thiab ua ntej fastening. Qhov sib txawv uas tau muab xam los ntawm cov ntsuas no ntawm ib lub rooj tshwj xeeb yuav pab txiav txim siab txog cov degree.
- Txoj kev tsis muaj tseeb yog los laij cov neeg kawm ntawv raws li cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas tau haus dej haus cawv. Cov ntxhuav tshwj xeeb kuj qhia rau koj paub txog kev haus cawv npaum li cas.
Yees duab: yuav siv lub refractometer li cas
Kawm yuav ua li cas ua noj kua txiv, plum, gooseberry, raspberry, rowan, currant, liab, grape cawu cub.Nyias, koj tuaj yeem pom cov ntxhuav raws li cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas tau haus dej haus cawv.
Cov piam thaj thiab dej uas yuav tsum tau ua rau haus cawv nrog lub zog ntawm 16%Nws tseem ceeb heev! Qee lub sij hawm txawm tias cov ntxhuav yuav tsis tuaj yeem pab kom paub tus naj npawb pes tsawg, yog li koj yuav tsum tau saib cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo: yog, tom qab ntxiv haus dej cawv thiab qab zib, nws pib ntxeev dua tshiab, ces koj yuav tsum txhim kho dua.
Tej zaum txoj kev yoo mov, lawv qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo
Xijpeem koj xaiv, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov dej haus. Tom qab ntxiv cov piam thaj los yog dej cawv, cov kua ua nruj dua, ces koj yuav tsum tau tos txog 5 hnub kom tag nrho cov khoom sib xyaw thiab cov phom sij mus rau hauv qab ntawm lub raj mis.
Lub raj mis yuav tsum muab ntxhua ua ntej yuav muab cov dej cawv tsau tas. Tom qab ntawd, koj yuav tsum ua kom nws nyob hauv qhov chaw tsaus thiab txias, tsis tseg ib zaug saib seb puas tau fermentation pib.
Ntxiv qab zib
Cov txheej txheem no yog step-by-step, ntev thiab yuav tsum tau muab xam cov khoom xyaw. Nws muaj xws li cov cai thaum siv hom no:
- Yog hais tias koj ntxiv ntau qab zib, nws yuav qeeb qeeb ntawm tus fermentation.
- Haus, uas yog tsau nrog qab zib, yuav tsum nyob ib nrab ntawm lub raj mis, raws li txhua qhov pauv ntawm qab zib yuav nce tus nqi ntawm cov dej ib nrab litre.
- Qhuav wines yog tsau nrog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm qab zib, diluted nyob rau hauv dej, thiab dessert wines yog ua, maj ntxiv qab zib tov nrog ib fermenting dej haus.
Kawm yuav ua li cas ua rau cov cua thiab noj qab haus huv tinctures los ntawm feijoa, strawberries, cranberries, ashberries, cherries, currants, plums, apples.
Cawv cawv (vodka, cawv)
Qhov yooj yim thiab nqi-txuag tau tias txawm tias novice winemakers tau lis. Cawv pours mus rau hauv fermenting wort rau ob peb hnub, txhua yam yog tov thiab xa mus rau siav.
Cov Kev Pab:
- simplicity;
- kev phooj ywg zoo;
- luv nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv;
- zoo rau kev siv tsev.
Cia kom khov
Tus essence ntawm txoj kev yog los tua cov poov xab nrog mob khaub thuas thiab ua kom muaj zog. Ua li no, koj xav tau lub freezer loj, uas nyob tom tsev tsis tuaj yeem nrhiav tau. Koj tseem yuav xav tau centrifuge cais cov dej khov. Cov txheej txheem ntev ntev thiab yuav tsum tau muaj zog thiab ua siab ntev.
Kawm yuav ua li cas ua wine compote thiab jam.
Pasteurization
Hom no muaj peev xwm ua lag luam nyob rau hauv cov lag luam uas haus cov dej haus hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev. Cov tshuaj pasteurization:
- saj puas ploj;
- txo cov khoom tannins;
- nws tsis tuaj yeem tsim lub tshuab nqus tsev tom tsev.
Ntxiv sulfuric acid
Sulfuric acid, los yog sulfur dioxide, ua raws li ib tug preservative nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua khoom ntawm cawu cub. Qhov no yog siv los ntawm ntau tus neeg ua dej caw-cov neeg ua haujlwm. Lawv ntseeg tias nws yuav pab txo cov neeg tsis muaj zog txaus thiab tua cov kab mob uas muaj peev xwm lwj cov dej haus. 
Kuj muaj ib qho rho tawm: cov tshuaj lom dioxide yog poisonous thiab loj muaj peev xwm ua rau lom tau lom. Rau cov neeg mob asthmatics, cov khoom uas tau kho nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no raug txwv.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Sulfur dioxide yog hu ua E220 preservative thiab yog siv nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua khoom ntawm ntau cov khoom. Hauv koob me me, nws cov teebmeem tshwm sim muaj tsawg zaus.
Sulfur dioxide yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv tej yam wine - nws yog ib sab siv ntawm fermentation. Txawm li cas los, nws cov nyiaj tsawg tsis tuaj yeem ua mob.
Video: hais txog sulphurous acid nyob rau hauv cawu cub
Yuav ua li cas kho lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrog qab zib
Feem ntau hom no tsis yog siv cais - suab thaj ntxiv nrog rau cawv rau kev kho. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, cov lus teb yuav raws li nram no: rau 10 litres ntawm caw koj xav tau 800 g suab thaj yog tias koj xav tau ib qho khoom qab zib, thiab 400 g kom tau ib semi-Sweet.
Ntxiv rau 1 liter ntawm raw khoom 20 g suab thaj, peb nce lub zog los ntawm 1 °.
Caw kho nrog cawv lossis vodka
Wort fermented, precipitate poob - koj muaj peev xwm ncuav tus haus dej mus rau hauv ib qho hlab ntsha, qhov twg peb yuav kho nws. 10 liv dej yuav tsum tau 1 liter dej cawv, vodka los yog tincture.
Kawm yuav ua li cas ua kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Kho cov hluas caw
Ua kom muaj zog, koj yuav tsum nco qab txog txoj cai: thaum ntxiv 1% cawv lossis 2% vodka hauv 10-degree cawv, qhov kawm tau nce ntxiv los ntawm ib qho.
Yog li, koj yuav xam tus nqi ntawm cov cawv ntxiv rau koj lub ntim ntawm caw. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj xav nce qib 6 units, koj muab cov zauv los ntawm cov leb thiab ib qho (1% ntawm qhov ntim), ces faib txhua yam los ntawm 100.
Yog hais tias ntxiv vodka hloov ntawm ib qho, koj yuav tsum muab cov zauv los ntawm 2 (2% ntawm qhov ntim). 
Sau:
- 5 litres ntawm caw;
- Nws yog tsim nyog yuav ua rau kom cov kawm tiav 6 units.
- Ntau npaum li cas haus dej cawv ntxiv rau kom kawm tau ntawv.
- (5 * 6 * 1) / 100 = 0.3 l ntawm dej cawv.
Tom qab ntxiv haus cov dej haus cawv los haus, nws yuav siv li 2 lub lis piam. Tom qab ntawd, cov kua dej tawm ntawm cov dej thiab cov fwj tshuaj.
Kawm seb yuav ua li cas hauv tsev champagne, cider, chacha, pouring los ntawm plums, cherries, raspberries.
Mount lub wort ntawm lub fermentation theem
Lub peculiarity ntawm no txoj kev - lub kua txiv yog tsis drained los ntawm pulp. Cia li ua ntej koj xa cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau fermentation, lawv crushed.
Tus txheej txheem:
- Qab zib yog ntxiv rau lub wort nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 9% ntawm tag nrho volume.
- Qhov sib tov sib xyaw xyaw yog xa mus rau hauv chav nyob nrog lub ntsuas kub ntawm 25-26 ° C rau 3-4 hnub.
- Lub wort yog nias thiab muab ntxaum nrog cawv 90%, stirred thiab sab laug nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw txias tsaus rau ib lub lim tiam.
- Cov tshuaj ua tiav lawm, dej qab, tshuam thiab lam fwj, tom qab ntawd tig rov qab los ntawm qhov kub ntawm 15 ° C rau ob peb xyoos.
Nws yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias nrog rau lub sij hawm ntxov thiab ntev li ntawm cawv mus rau wort, nws yuav tsis ferment. Thaum khaws cia cov dej haus koj yuav tsum tau ventilate - ncuav los ntawm lub raj mis mus rau lub raj mis.Yuav ua li cas khov wine kom lub fortress
Ua ntej siv hom no, nco ntsoov tias tus nqi ntawm cov khoom tiav mam li txo, zoo li dej tsis yaug, thiab lub hwj huam caw tau.
Koj puas paub? Kev ntshai ntawm caw yog hu ua oenophobia lossis oinophobia. Feem ntau, kev ntshai yog kev ua kom huv hauv lub cev: ib tug neeg ntshai tsam txoj kev ua dej caw nyob rau theem ntawm kev sib sau thiab kev ntxim nyiam. Tom qab tag nrho, ua ntej lub grapes raug harvested thiab stamped nrog lawv ko taw, thiab ces lawv tso nws mus rau ferment nyob rau hauv tej kas tham.
Yuav ua li cas:
- haus dej, poured rau liter hwj, muab tso rau hauv lub taub yees txias;
- tom qab ob peb teev, tawm thiab ncuav tus caw mus rau hauv ib lub thawv.
Yuav ua li cas ua kom muaj zog hauv tsev neeg
Qhov no haus hauv tsev tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Qhov nrov tshaj plaws yog cherries, apples thiab raspberries. Cov dej haus yog qab zib thiab qab zib.
Ntawm Cherry
Nws yuav tsum muaj:
- cherry juice (tsis tau yuav, tab sis ua los ntawm txhais tes) - 1 l;
- qab zib - 100 g;
- poov xab ntsev - 0.3 l;
- cawv 90% - 0.3 l.
Los ntawm apples
Nws yuav tsum muaj:
- qhuav apples - 1 kg;
- ntshiab dej - 800 ml;
- qab zib - 100 g;
- poov xab ntsev - 0.3 l;
- haus dej cawv 70% - 0.5 liv.
Los ntawm raspberry
Nws yuav tsum muaj:
- raspberries - 5 kg;
- dej - 2 l;
- qab zib - 300 g + 150 g ib 1 l ntawm cawu cub tom qab fermentation;
- poov xab ntsev;
- cawv - 0.5 liv ib 10 liv dej.
Koj puas paub? Mus txog 194 BC. e. nyob hauv lub nroog Loos, muaj ib tug poj niam raug tua los haus cawv txiv hmab. Thiab kuv tus txiv yuav ua nws. Tom qab ntawd, kev sib nrauj raug hloov los ntawm kev sib nrauj.
Nyem cov kua txiv tawm ntawm raspberry thiab ntxiv ib nrab ntawm cov dej thiab tag nrho cov suab thaj. Cais, ncuav lub raspberry khoom qab zib nrog dej ntxiv thiab tom qab 6 teev dua rov nyem lub kua txiv. Sib tov nws nrog yav tas los tau kua txiv, ntxiv cov leaven thiab tawm mus rau ferment rau 10 hnub. Nyem qhov kua, ntxiv qab zib nyob rau ntawm tus nqi ntawm 150 g ib 1 liter, muab qhov ferment on. Ib lub lim tiam tom qab, peb rov qab kho dua thiab txhim kho nrog cawv. Fwj thiab tawm mus rau siav.
Li ntawd, peb kawm tau hais tias txheej txheem ntawm kho wine nyob rau hauv tsev tsis yog li nyuaj. Nws yuav pab kom tsis txhob fermentation, txhim kho qhov saj thiab ua rau haus zog muaj zog thiab, yog hais tias Desired, sweeter. Yog tias koj ua raws li tag nrho cov cai ntawm kev kho, ces qhov dej yuav ua rau tsis mob tshaj qhov khw thiab nws yuav yog qhov tseeb.
Yees duab: Mount wine Xyuas: yuav ua li cas kho wine
