Txhua tus paub hais tias gardeners yog nyuaj-ua hauj lwm cov neeg thiab inclined mus sim. Qhov no kuj pom tshwm sim nyob rau ntau thaj chaw uas paub hom thiab ntau hom coexist nrog cov qoob loo tsawg zauv. Thiab feem ntau cov kev ntsuam xyuas no muab cov txiaj ntsim tau los. Ib qho ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog chufa, uas yog nqi ib tug saib ze ze.
Kev piav qhia
Chufa (tseem yog almonds earthen, los yog edible syt) zoo li ib tug qus sedge. Nws yog ib tug ntub Bush ntawm medium loj: nws hlob mus rau ib qhov siab ntawm 30-90 cm. 
Cov kab txaij nyias muaj nyias qhov sib txawv ntawm ib daim ntawv sau ua kab tawm hauv cov kab sib chaws tawm, uas muaj txog 3-11 nplooj 3-10 cm dav. Cov me nyuam bisexual paj tau sau los ntawm lub "kaus" - qhov xim xim tsis nondescript xim liab.
Kawm txog cov khoom sib xws ntawm cov nuts xws li macadamia ceev, pecans, pistachios, ntoo thuv ceev, brazil ceev, hazelnuts, cashews.Tab sis lub ntsiab sib txawv ntawm no yog hom, ntawm chav kawm, lub rhizome. Nws yog zoo tsim: stolons pib los ntawm lub keeb kwm, studded nrog ntau nods me me, zoo xws li neeg rau.
Nrog ib tug ntev txog li 3 cm thiab ib tug dav ntawm mus txog 1, cov txheej txheem zoo li almond ceev rau saj, vim uas tus tsiaj tau txais nws ob lub npe. Dawb nqaij ntawm lub tubers yog Sweet thiab es nyuaj.
Nws cov xim nws txawv ntawm nplua nuj xim av liab los yog daj, thiab transverse grooves nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 3-6 pieces yog pom nyob rau saum npoo. 
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Lub furrows yog feem ntau kom meej meej manifested thaum lub sij hawm cia - lub saum npoo ntawm freshly harvested txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav smoother mus rau lub kov.
Cov nroj tsuag tuaj rau peb ntawm Ltalis thiab Spain, qhov uas nws tuaj ntawm North Africa - nyob rau hauv thawj ntau, chufa tau noj kom deb li deb li 4,000 xyoo dhau los (qhov no yog ib qho delicacy ntawm Egyptians, cov neeg nyob ntawm Morocco thiab Sudan).
Earthen almonds tsis yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog xav tau mus rau cov av, tab sis tseem qhov zoo tshaj plaws yields raug muab tshem tawm los ntawm fertile thiab xoob xau - nyob rau hauv xws li tej yam kev mob, lub keeb kwm yuav tsim 400-800 (thiab txawm mus txog 1000) puag ncig tubers.
Nyob rau hauv temperate latitudes, chufa yog cultivated raws li ib tug txhua xyoo nroj tsuag, whereas nyob rau hauv ib tug sov huab cua, lub sij hawm ntawm sai flowering thiab fruiting pib nyob rau hauv ob xyoo. 
Muaj pes tsawg leeg
Ib 100 g ntawm cov khoom no muaj:
- 18.6 g ntawm proteins;
- 53.7 g roj;
- 13 g ntawm carbohydrates;
- tsawg kawg 10 g ntawm starch;
- qee cov dej thiab cov khoom noj muaj roj, nrog cov uas muaj npe tshaj fiber ntau.
Xws li tus qauv ntawm cov zaub mov tseem ceeb - 609 kcal / 100 g. Nws hloov tawm tias chufa yog peb lub sij hawm siab tshaj almonds nyob rau hauv no qhia, thiab 150 g ntawm cov khoom ib hnub twg ua rau txhua hnub xav tau cov zaub mov noj (cov khoom noj khoom haus hais tias nyob rau hauv cov acids).
Koj puas paub? Nyob rau hauv ancient Egypt, chufa nplooj thiab keeb kwm raug siv los ua kom tshiab thiab tsw lub tsev thiab ris tsho.
Yog hais tias koj saib zoo, nws hloov tawm tias tubers kuj muaj:
- vitamins A, B, C, E (feem ntau ntawm cov tshuaj hauv pawg B);
- lipids;
- oleic acid omega-9;
- hlau thiab zinc;
- lwm txoj kab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tooj liab thiab poov tshuaj, selenium thiab iodine, calcium thiab phosphorus, zoo li sodium.
Los ntawm xws li ib tug tseem ceeb khoom los ntawm txias nias tau txais ib tug noj qab haus huv roj, lub zog tsis inferior mus rau olive, tab sis nrog ib tug txawv almond tsw. 
Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb
Chufa muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb, cov uas sawv tawm:
- kev txhim kho ntawm kev ua si ntawm lub paj hlwb thiab cov nqaij ntshiv (cov hlab ntsha loj tau coj los ua tone);
- tonic nyhuv, ua rau muaj kev cia siab ntawm lub zog thiab nce kev ua haujlwm;
Kev siv ntawm ib tug loj sedum, padubal mahonia, rosemary, dos, txiv kab ntxwv, lettuce, Pine cones muaj ib tug tonic siv.
- raws li lub ntuj antioxidant, earthen almonds tshem cov co toxins, hnyav hlau ntsev thiab radionuclides los ntawm lub cev (ob leeg nyob rau hauv daim ntawv raw thiab thaum cov txiv ntses ntxiv rau tshuaj yej);
- dilation ntawm cov hlab ntsha, txo kev muaj mob ntawm thrombosis thiab atherosclerosis;
- txo cov ntshav qab zib thiab cov cholesterol ntau dua hauv cov ntshav;
- strengthening lub pob txha apparatus;
- txhim kho kev tiv thaiv - raws li ib qho keeb ntawm tinctures, chufa pab tua khaub thuas;
- normalization ntawm plab zom vim kev tiv thaiv antibacterial;
Qee cov khoom zom zaub mov xws li sunberry, zucchini, Jerusalem artichoke, dawb taum, qoob loo, dogwood, xib xub qej, cherry, txiv apples.
- kev them nyiaj yug ntawm lub paj hlwb - kev poob siab thaum ploj, cov tsos mob ntawm hnyav raug tshem tawm.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Qhov txiaj ntsim tshaj plaws yog los ntawm cov seem ntawm cov nroj tsuag loj hlob ntawm huv, tsis oversaturated nrog chiv thiab tshuaj tua kab av.
Ceeb toom cov peev xwm ntawm qhov roj kom zoo. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev, thiab thaum siv rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij nkag mus tob rau hauv txheej txheej - vim li ntawd, kev laus ntawm cov hlwb yog inhibited, thiab daim tawv nqaij ua ntau dua ywj pheej thiab softer.Cov ntaub ntawv no tsis yog tsuas pub nourishes ntawm daim tawv nqaij, tab sis kuj pab tswj cov plaub hau kom zoo thiab ntsia hlau loj hlob.
Loj hlob
Tom qab nyeem cov npe ntawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm hom no, muaj ntau yam nyiam ua li cas cog cov nroj tsuag ntawm lawv tus kheej.
Tsis muaj dab tsi nyuab: npaj tubers los yog pre-zus seedlings yog cog nyob rau hauv qhib hauv av. Ua li no, siv tag nrho txiv hmab txiv ntoo (sim ua noj loj). Qhov xaiv cov khoom yog ntxuav, kho nrog ib tug daws ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate 5% thiab ntxuav dua ib zaug, qhuav. 
Ua kom paub tseeb tias cov nodules qhuav qhuav, lawv muab tso rau hauv ib lub khob iav nrog lub hau, thiab lub thawv nws tus kheej muab tso rau hauv ib qho chaw txias nrog ruaj khov + 4 ... +7 ° C.
Tus txheej txheem nws tus kheej tsis zais tej yam tshwj xeeb kev ua rau tus neeg paub txog kev ua vaj tsev, tab sis kuj tseem muaj qee lub luag hauj lwm. Xav txog lawv, paub raws nraim li cas tsaws chufa zoo li nyob rau hauv peb cov latitudes.
Tsaws
Ua ntej yuav tsaws nyob rau hauv qhib hauv av keeb kwm sawv ntsug rau 2-3 hnub nyob rau hauv dej nyob rau ntawm chav tsev kub, tsis nco qab los hloov nws 2 lub sij hawm ib hnub.
Koj puas paub? Hauv Paris Chamber of Measures thiab Nplai, lub cubic meter ntawm lub ntiaj teb dub yog cia, uas yog tus txheej txheem ntawm fertility.
Qhov no yog ua tiav thaum nrab-lig May, thaum qhov kev hem thawj ntawm cov cua thaum kawg dhau (huab cua txias tsis poob rau hauv qab + 13 ... + 15 ° C), thiab cov av nyob rau hauv txheej qaum tau tswj kom sov txog li 12 ° C.Nws tag nrho pib nrog xaiv ntawm ib qho chaw zoo:
- Chufa hlub lub teeb, xoob thiab qhov xau, tab sis nws yuav tau nrog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub cev. Qhov loj tshaj plaws - lub Bush yuav tsum loj hlob nyob rau hauv qhov chaw qhib (shaded chaw tiaj tiaj ntawm lub vaj teb tsis haum);
- nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov chaw nrog zoo teeb, khawb qhov dug 6-8 cm;
- txhawm rau lawv nrog ib tug me me (txog li 2 liters) dej, thiab cia noo noo soak me ntsis, 3 tubers yog pw nyob rau hauv txhua lub qhov - zoo li ib lub zes tau. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub qhov yuav tsum yog txog 40-50 cm (yog hais tias koj noj ib lub caij nyoog me me, ntawm kev txheeb ntawm cov ceg yaus). Nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov kab tawm tawm 60-65 cm;
- nws tseem mus ua lub qhov nrog lub ntiaj teb, maj mam tamping lawv.
Nyob rau hauv cov huab cua zoo, tua yuav tua tawm tom qab 10-14 hnub.Nws tshwm sim rau thaum kawg ntawm Lub Tsib Hlis ntuj kub pib poob rau +10 ° C, thiab muaj zog cua tshuab.
Nyob rau hauv xws li mob, me nyuam tsis paub qab hau yog them nrog ib zaj duab xis stretched tshaj lub arcs.
Yuav kom tiv thaiv tau cov nroj tsuag ntawm caking, lawv tau tawm los ntawm kev tshem lub txheej thaum hnub ntawd. Nrog rau qhov pib ntawm lub caij ntuj sov, nws yog tsis tsim nyog.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Them mloog mus rau qhov tob ntawm av: qhov tsawg dua lawv dhau, qhov zoo dua rau earthen almonds (waterlogging ua rotting ntawm hauv paus qoob loo).
Ntau tus neeg xyaum tsaws seedlings - Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam nrog ib tug txias kev nyab xeeb, qhov no yog tsuas yog guarantee ntawm sau. 
Algorithm bookmarks, feem ntau yog ua thaum ntxov los yog thaum lub Plaub Hlis, zoo li qhov no:
- cov tubers khaws cia rau ib hnub nyob rau hauv cov dej sov so (thaum lub sij hawm no nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau hloov cov kua ob zaug);
- thaum lub sij hawm cov khoom yog soaked, hauv av yog npaj. Nyob rau hauv ib lub lauj kaub nrog ib qhov siab ntawm 8-10 cm los yog bulk cassette nchuav cov av thiab npaj fertilizer. Ua li no, koj xav tau superphosphate (10 g ib lub rooj), urea (6 g), potassium thiab magnesium sulfates ntawm ib koob 5 thiab 2 g, feem ntau;
- Tubers yog nteg nyob rau hauv ib lub av noo noo mus rau ib qhov tob ntawm 6 cm thiab sprinkled nrog lub ntiaj teb;
- muaj peev xwm muab tso rau hauv ib qho chaw sov. Qhov kub tsoom fwv yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau lub thermophilic hom: thaum nruab hnub huab cua hauv chav yuav tsum sov tuaj rau + 20 ... + 25 ° C, thiab thaum tsaus ntuj - tsis poob rau hauv qab + 15 ° C. Yog hais tias lub tsev txias, lub pots yog them nrog ib zaj duab xis, nws qhib rau qhov cua;
- lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog muab rau lub teeb: nyob rau hauv ib hnub luv (piv txwv li, nyob rau sab qaum teb) koj yuav tsum muab teeb rau lub teeb ci;
- Dej ntim tau txhua txhua 3-4 hnub, kom txog rau thaum sprouting tsuas yog txau siv. Nrog tib so, cov av yog maj mam muab loosened - yog li cov keeb kwm yuav tau txais qhov tsim nyog ntawm feem oxygen;
- ua ntej hloov mus rau hauv qhib hauv av ib zaug pub mis yog obligatory. Nyob rau hauv 10 l dej ntxiv ntxiv noog dej thiab mullein hauv proportions 1: 7 thiab 1: 3. Qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau muab absorbed rau hauv av, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau ntxiv heev li ntawm lub cev kom tsis txhob overmoisten, los yog tuaj siab, tsis txhob mus hlawv cov cwj pwm tsis txaus ntseeg;
- hais txog 10 hnub ua ntej tsiv mus qhib av, tus tua yog tawv: qhov kub yog qis rau + 15 ° C, pes tsawg tus dej txo. Qhov no yuav ua kom qhov hloov ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv.
Koj puas paub? Ua ntej cov "pob kws epic", cov khoom noj yog ib feem ntawm qhov kev pabcuam hauv kev ua lag luam ntawm USSR.
Raws li koj tau pom, tsis muaj dab tsi super-nyuab. Tag nrho cov agrotechnology ntxiv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev saib xyuas kuj yog xam tau yooj yim.
Kev kho mob
Watering yuav tsum muaj ib zaug, nyob rau hauv qhuav huab cua - ob zaug ib lub lim tiam. Nyob rau hauv cov huab cua, koj tuaj yeem ua tsis tau nws, kho cov phaus hauv qhov thiab ua tib zoo loosening cov av ib ncig. Ntxiv txhij hilling ua 2 npaug rau ib lub caij twg: thaum twg tus ceg ntoo nce mus txog 10-15 thiab 30 cm.
Sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws tuav 3 zaug, nrog so ntawm ob lub lim tiam. Ua li no, siv pob zeb hauv av chiv nrog tsawg ib feeb ntawm nitrogen - nws abundance yuav ua rau kev loj hlob sai ntawm ntsuab loj, uas "thim" tag nrho cov tseem ceeb tshuaj los ntawm rhizome.
Xaiv cov feem ntau haum pob zeb hauv av fertilizer: Ammophos, Plantafol, Sudarushka, Azofoska, Kristalon.Ntau yam ua tsis tau ntawm "Chemistry", nrog tib zaus uas coj los rau hauv qab ntawm 1 liter ntawm ntsuab Txoj kev lis ntshav ntawm tshuaj ntsuab los yog mullein.
Kab Tsuag Tswj Nws yog ntshaw kom txo tau kom siv cov txheej txheem kho kom zoo xws li xab npum daws (qhov nrov Bordeaux kua muaj zog heev rau qhov kab lis kev cai no). Raws li xav tau, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua tau - cov granules tshwj xeeb yuav raug thawb tawm ntawm chufs ntawm ntsaum thiab bears, uas yog attracted los ntawm cov bushes.
Lwm cov kab yog ib lub txiv neej: nws feem ntau yog txav ntawm zaub cog, thiab tom qab ntawd ces cov kab zoo li Bazudin, diazonin thiab Celeste TOP yuav tsum tau siv.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Siv cov tshuaj no, nyeem cov lus qhia, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov siv seem rau cov qoob loo sib txawv.
Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-lig Cuaj Hli los yog thaum ntxov Lub kaum hli ntuj, nplooj pib pib daj thiab qhuav - nws yog lub sij hawm sau qoob. Lub nodules yog dug nrog nplooj forks, ntxuav los ntawm hauv av, ntxuav thiab qhuav nyob rau hauv lub hnub mus rau ib lub noo noo ntsiab lus ntawm 10-15%. 
Pom hais tias lawv tau tshwm sim cov grooves, tus sau yog sorted. Tag nrho cov txiv ntseej raug muab tso rau hauv ib lub thawv ntawv lossis ib lub hnab: lawv tuaj yeem cia ob leeg hauv chav thiab hauv qab daus los yog hauv qab nthab (yog tias muaj, tsis yog, tsis muaj nas).
Sij hawm dhau los, cov khoom no yuav dhau mus ua kom ntau dhau lawm thiab ntsws. Tsis txhob txhawj xeeb: cov kab noj hniav kav ntev txog 3 xyoos. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nruab nrab yog feem ntau nteg ntawm seedlings, uas yog soaked nyob rau hauv cov dej lub hnub ua ntej.
Tag nrho cov no zoo, tiam sis ntawm no yog txoj kev. tu heev lub sij hawm siv vim ntawm tawv nqaij. Tawm nws yog tsis qhia: qhov saj yog ploj. Yuav kom tsis txhob no, freshly harvested tubers yog ntxuav thiab muab tso rau hauv dej huv rau ob peb teev. Thiab ces - ntau npaum li cas ua siab ntev yuav muaj leej twg: cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog frayed kom txog thaum feem ntau ntawm tev yog cais.
Nrog rau cov qoob loo loj, tsis muaj ib lub sijhawm rau kev tswjhwm li no, yog li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm cia nyob rau hauv lub tev, lub txiv qhuav qhuav, halving loj. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej kev ntxiv los yog kev hnoos, lawv raug soaked rau 1-2 hnub. 
Koj puas paub? Haus ntawm orchata (los yog orshata), qhov muaj qhov sib luag ntawm cov nuts, yog suav hais tias yog ib lub cim ntawm gastronomic Spain.Raws li rau wintering, ces nyob rau hauv domestic mob nws yog xyaum tsis tshua muaj tsis tshua muaj - tsis yog kev nyab xeeb. Tshaj tawm lub caij ntuj no ntawm chufa nrog txiav saum tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev sov so los yog nyob rau hauv ib lub qhov, sprinkled nrog ib tug me me ntawm humus tov nrog ib tug tuab (txog 9-10 cm) txheej ntawm mulch los ntawm Autumn.
Contraindications thiab raug mob
Ntawm qhov ncaj ncaj contraindications siv xws li:
- ib leeg tsis txaus ntseeg;
- daim siab mob;
- rog.
Rau kev rog, nws yog pom zoo kom siv rapeseed zib mu, turnips, taum asparagus, blackberries, Pine Sap, beets, lespedets.Nrog siv ntsis (tsis pub ntau tshaj 100-150 g ib hnub), qhov khoom ua suab tsis yog. Txawm tias qhov nyiaj no tuaj yeem ua si tsis txaus siab rau cov neeg muaj kev mob hnyav sai sai, cov neeg mob yog cov muaj calorie ntau ntau.
Cov kev xyuam xim tshwj xeeb yuav tsum ua raws li cov neeg uas tsis tau sim xws li cov tais diav ua ntej: thaum kuaj thawj zaug lawv sim noj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsawg.Qhov no yuav muab lub sijhawm rau ua raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm lub cev thiab tsis ua mob rau lub plab, tseem tsis tau soj ntsuam nrog cov khoom zoo li no. Kev quab yuam ua kom muaj zog yog mob plab me ntsis.
Daim ntawv thov
Cov nroj tsuag yog dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb.
Thawj qhov uas yog los ntawm lub siab yog tshuaj noj tshuaj. Cov zaub mov txawv tshaj plaws yog txo kom tau decoctions thiab haus, infusions thiab dab tinctures los ntawm crushed tubers. Nplooj yog ntxiv rau lam tshuaj yej. 
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Muaj landed chufu nyob rau ntawm "frontier" ntawm lub caij ntuj sov tsev, convince cov neeg nyob ze tias qhov no tsis yog nroj tsuag, raws li nws yuav zoo li tom ntej glance. Tej kev zoo sib xws li no ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Tag nrho cov cuab yeej no yog siv raws li kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov tshuaj tonic, cov kab mob tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob. Tshaj li, nws kuj yog ib qho adaptogen uas muaj peev xwm txhawb nqa lub cev thaum rov qab los ntawm kev mob lossis kev phais.
Nyob rau hauv ua noj Chufa muaj nuj nqis rau kev saj ntawm lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Lawv nkag tau rau hauv cov zaub mov rau cov khoom ua si hauv tsev neeg - halva, pies, muffins, thiab lwm yam. From roasted thiab av neeg rau ua kom ib lub ntuj zog haus.
Kev tsim perfumery Nws kuj tsis ua tsis tau mini-ceev, cov khoom siv uas yog (feem ntau cov roj thiab Extract) muab cov ntsujplig thiab fresheners nplua almond amber. 
Paub chufa thiab beauticians: Yog tias koj tau txais ib qho kev pom zoo rau cov khoom muaj kuab, tshuaj tsw qab thiab tshuaj zawv plaub hau, ntau ntawm lawv muaj cov khoom noj no hauv cov ntaub ntawv tiav. Thiab kuj deservedly: nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov plaub hau kho thiab daim tawv nqaij rejuvenation yog suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau cov nroj tsuag.
Nyob rau hauv kev lag luam Tsis tsuas yog cov tubers siv los ntawm confectioners kom hmoov thiab hmoov, chocolate thiab tuav. Tsis pub tsawg dua cov "hauj lwm" thiab cov nplooj - lawv tuaj nyob rau hauv kev siv tshuab ua cov ntawv, insulating coatings, phyto fuels, harnesses, ropes thiab cov chaw pw.
Koj puas paub? Archaeologists ntseeg tias chufa yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev noj haus ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv cov neeg niaj hnub uas nyob hauv teb chaws Africa 2 lab xyoo dhau los.
Tsiaj txhu - Lwm daim ntawv thov ntawm no nroj tsuag. Raws li ua liaj teb, hauv av yog piv rau cereal grasses (nees hlub nws heev npaum li cas). Boiled txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrog pub tau muab rau npua.Tam sim no koj paub tias dab tsi yog chufa, nws tseem ceeb npaum li cas, thiab yuav ua li cas kom loj hlob tuaj hauv koj cheeb tsam. Peb vam tias cov nroj tsuag no yuav txaus siab rau peb cov neeg nyeem, thiab yuav coj lawv cov txiaj ntsig ntau. Cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg!
