Beekeeping

Dab tsi yog tsim nyog thiab yuav ua li cas los tsim omshanik rau bees

Nyob rau Eve ntawm lub caij ntuj no nws yog lub sij hawm mus txhawj txog apiary. Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav tham txog yuav ua li cas los tsim ib qho omshanik rau muv nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, xam seb yuav hloov cov kab mus rau wintering, thiab kuj paub thaum twg nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los pib npaj rau lub txias.

Qhov no yog dabtsi?

Kev paub beekeepers yog zoo paub txog dab tsi Omshanik yog - ib tug tshwj xeeb qauv rau wintering bees, nyob rau hauv lus yooj yim - lub bees winterer. Los ntawm sab omshanik yuav zoo sib txawv, vim muaj ntau hom nws, feem ntau nws zoo li lub dugout, qhov twg Bee cov tsev neeg nyob. Cov tsev nyob rau lub caij ntuj no yog tsim los ntawm cov cheeb tsam sab qaum teb, vim hais tias wintering nyob rau hauv qhib cua muaj ib tug detrimental nyhuv on Bee zos.

Kawm seb yuav ua li cas koj tus kheej Hive (Dadana, Varre, multicase, alpine, nucleus), honey extractor, wax cua sov, apilift rau muv, ib qhov thiab ib lub tshav kub chamber nyob rau hauv lub Hive.

Cov qauv no tuaj yeem pom muaj nyob rau hauv qhov chaw sov, tab sis nws yuav tsum yog vim muaj kev hloov hauv qhov kub siab. Yog tias koj tsis muaj lub sijhawm los tsim ib lub tsev nyob rau lub caij ntuj no lossis thaj chaw uas koj nyob yog nyob rau thaj tsam kev nyab xeeb, ces koj tuaj yeem xaiv qhov kev xaiv ntawm bees wintering hauv ib lub tsev txhab.

Cov txiaj ntsim ntawm kev siv

Wintering bees nyob rau hauv omshanik muaj ntau cov ntsiab lus zoo. Txhua yam tsiaj uas tsis pub hloo yuav tsum muaj kev pab ntau dua kom thiaj ciaj sia. Bees yog tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb: nrog qhib wintering lawv noj ntau zib mu thiab raug kev txom nyem tseem ceeb losses. Nws yog qhov zoo dua uas lawv tos rau lub caij ntuj no hauv omshanik. Lub ntsiab zoo ntawm wintering qhov chaw rau bees:

  1. Kev tiv thaiv ncaj qha ntawm kab los ntawm cua, txias thiab kub hloov.
  2. Kab hauv wintering yuav tsum tau tsawg dua zib ntab rau lub neej.
  3. Lub neej ntawm hives yuav nce significantly, vim hais tias lawv tsuas yog tsis rot, uas muaj peev xwm tshaj tawm cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv cov huab cua.
  4. Bees yog kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kev nyuab siab tsis tseem ceeb, ua rau muaj suab nrov.
  5. Tsim ib qho chaw wintering rau muv, koj tuaj yeem ua koj tus kheej.
  6. Tab sis tsis txhob ntes tam sim ntawd ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv tsev, yog tias koj muaj qaum teb yug ntawm muv, lawv tuaj yeem siv lub caij ntuj no sab nraud. Omshanik feem ntau xav tau xws breeds li Carpathian, gray Caucasian, daj thiab steppe Ukrainian Bee.

Koj puas paub? Ib tug ua hauj lwm Bee ua neej nyob mus txog plaub caug hnub.

Cov kev txwv ntawm kev tsim kho

Pib kev tsim kho ntawm omshanik, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab rau ntawm qhov chaw. Wintering yog qhov zoo rau cov xuab zeb. Xav txog tias cheeb tsam yuav tsum loj heev, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau lub omshanik kom muaj kev pom tau qhov kub thiab txias thaum lub caij ntuj no (ntawm 0 ° txog 3 °), nws yuav tsum tau txais kev pab txog 100 khaus. Koj kuj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau qhov tob hauv av. Qhov no yuav yog ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv txiav txim siab rau xaiv hom ntawm wintering.

Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum xam qhov loj ntawm lub omshanik. Rau qhov koj yuav tsum paub txog cov hauv qab no:

  • cov coob tsev neeg uas yuav nyob rau ntawd;
  • tsis muaj khaus thiab lawv cov teeb tsa.

Paub txog qhov me me ntawm cov pob khaus, cov kab thiab cov kab ntawm lawv, peb tuaj yeem xam qhov dav ntawm cov qauv. Yuav kom xam qhov ntev ntawm omshan, pes tsawg tus khaus yuav tsum muab faib ua ke ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov tiers, thiab qhov txiaj ntsig tau muab faib los ntawm pes tsawg tus kab. Qhov ntim yuav nyob ntawm seb koj lub khauj khaum li cas: rau ib tus neeg Bee, rau ib phab ntsa ib leeg, 0.5 cubic meters, thiab rau ib ob-walled ib - 0,9 cubic meters. m

Cov qhov cub hauv qhov taub yuav tsum tau sov. Lub sab ntawm lub qauv yuav tsum taw tes rau sab qab teb thiab sab qaum teb. Hauv pem teb yuav tsum tau ua kom tsawg kawg 20 cm tuab. Qhov cua ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov laug cam, khoov rau hauv qab nthab thiab sab nraud yuav tsum tau sov so, nws tseem zoo tshaj plaws los ua qhov kho kom zoo.

Nrov hom

Muaj peb hom Omshanik: Aboveground, semi-underground thiab underground. Yuav kom xaiv tau qhov zoo ntawm wintering, koj yuav tsum tau tsom mus rau kev nyab xeeb, av noo thiab qhov tob ntawm av.

Koj puas paub? Ua kom ib kilogram ntawm zib mu, bees yuav tsum pollinate yim lab paj.

Underground

Lawv suav hais tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov vaj tse rau wintering bees. Omshanik nyob hauv av, thiab nws lub qab nthab yog nyob hauv av tiaj. Nws pom zoo raws li qhov zoo tshaj plaws vim hais tias nws ua kom kub zoo. Koj muaj peev xwm tsim ib qho av hauv av omshanik, yog hais tias qhov tob ntawm av ntawm 3.5 meters.

Nyob rau hauv Autumn, lub caij ntuj no thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav, bees yuav tsum tau pub. Rau qhov no, beekeepers ua candy los yog zib mu.

Subterranean

Nws ntseeg hais tias nws yog ib lub tswv yim tsim kom muaj xws li ib qho omshanik thaum nws tsis tau mus rau tob zuj zus tus qauv, thiab kev nyab xeeb tsis pub nws yuav tsum tau ua saum toj no hauv av. Qhov tob ntawm av yuav tsum yog los ntawm 2.5 m. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, lub phab ntsa ntawm wintry tau ua immersed mus rau ib tug tob ntawm 1.5 m.

Av

Lawv ua rau cov huab cua zoo li qub los yog thaum dej qaug rau hauv qhov tob tshaj 1 m Thaum tsim tsev, koj yuav tsum saib xyuas kom zoo cua sov kom tsis txhob muaj cua sov tuaj.

Yuav ua li cas los tsim ib tug winte

Yuav kom tsim tau ib qho zoo omshanik, koj yuav tsum muaj peev xwm tswj cov cuab yeej hauv txoj kev xam pom. Xav txog cov khoom dab tsi uas yuav tsum muaj rau kev tsim kho ntawm lub laub cab.

Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov cuab yeej xav tau

Rau kev tsim kho ntawm winterer yuav tsum tau:

  • edged laug cam;
  • saman;
  • limestone;
  • caws pob zeb thiab cib.

Nws tseem ceeb heev! Tsis txhob tsim cov pob zeb cement ntawm cov yas cement. Lawv tsis muaj thermal rwb thaiv tsev.

Koj tseem yuav tsum tau: ib qho excavator, shovels, pob zeb ua kom tov, qib, rauj, tes, mos ua npuas ncauj los yog av nplaum, ntsia pom los yog txaug. Yog tias koj muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsim thiab cov cuab yeej tsim nyog, koj tuaj yeem pib.

Omshan lub tsev

Peb yuav qhia rau txoj kev ntawm kev tsim kho siv tus piv txwv ntawm ib qho av hauv av omshanik, vim nws yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab ntau:

  • Ua ntej koj yuav tsum khawb ib qhov chaw uas peb omshanik yuav tsum tau ua. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, koj yuav tau txais kev pab los ntawm tus neeg tsav tsheb thiab lub tsheb rau kev xa tawm ntawm thaj av. Nws yuav nyuaj heev rau tiv nrog ib tug shovel, raws li koj muaj khawb mus rau ib tug tob ntawm 2.5-3 meters.
  • Thaum lub qhov dej npaj txhij lawm, koj yuav tsum tau ua kom sib haum ntawm cov phab ntsa thiab hauv qab ntawm lub qhov taub thiab tam sim ntawd qhia tus ntaiv yav tom ntej.
  • Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum tau ua ib daim formwork rau lub hauv paus. Nws yog tsim ntawm cov laug cam.
  • Nchuav pob zeb hauv cov qauv ntaub, rau kev ua haujlwm thiab ua haujlwm ntev, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv cov pob zeb loj thiab cobblestones.
  • Tom qab lub pob zeb tau qhuav lawm, koom hauv cov phab ntsa. Kev yuav cov tshiab cib rau qhov tsim tsis yog qhov pheej yig, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj rau cov ntaub ntawv qub. Yog hais tias lub phab ntsa thickness yog ib nrab ntawm cib, ces nws yog qhov zoo dua los txhawb cov qauv nrog hlau phab ntsa cladding.
  • Thiaj li rau cov phab ntsa tsis mus vau, nws yog tsim nyog rau tamp lub sab voids nyob rau hauv cov tshiab kab nrog ib tug txheej ntawm av nplaum.
  • Tom qab kev tsim kho ntawm masonry, koom rau hauv cov phab ntsa cov hlua. Ua li no koj yuav tsum muaj hlau kav thiab cov qab nthab los ntawm cov channel. Tus strapping yuav tsum tau ua li qhov no: tsav plaub kav dej raws phab ntsa, cov kav xa dej yuav tsum tau tuab-walled, ces khi cov kav dej nrog crossbeams los ntawm cov channel hauv ob leeg.
  • Tom qab ntawd los lub sij hawm ntawm ib theem nyuaj - lub casting ntawm cov vuas qab nthab. Ua ntej koj pib, ua cov ntaub ntawv rau cov kev pab ntoo thiab txuas cov ntawv xaim uas koj yuav nteg rau hauv cov pob zeb uas yog yav tom ntej.
  • Knead lub pob zeb thiab ncuav nws mus rau hauv lub formwork hlua nrog cellophane. Hauv kev siv pob zeb ua ke, muab cov pob tsa rau hauv 2 khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, lawv yuav ua rau cov pob txha.
  • Tom qab koj daim hlau qhuav lawm, koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas cov cua sov kom sov. Muab ib txheej dab raus rau ntawm lawv, thiab npog sab saum toj nrog cov vov tsev kom cov dej tsis txav cov pob zeb, thiab lub rwb thaiv tsev tseem qhuav.
  • Tom qab cov kauj ruam no, pib nce qhov cua.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Lub hood cheeb tsam yuav tsum yog xam ntawm cov tsev neeg. Lub cev tsis txaus yuav tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov kub hauv lub omshanik.

Hloov lub cev

Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus nug ntawm thaum nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los mus nqa bees rau hauv ib wintery, muaj qee cov nuances. Nws yog tsim nyog yuav tau xaiv lub sij hawm zoo ntawm kev hloov thiab saib cov cai tseem ceeb.

Sijhawm

Tsis txhob maj. Rau ib tug zoo wintering bees yuav tsum npaj. Muab sijhawm rau lawv kom dhau lub tshav ntuj so, kom lawv tshem tau ntau tshaj qhov quav hauv cov hnyuv.

Tos kom txog thaum sab nraud sab nraum kub ntawm 0 ... +3 ° C, qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog kom tus muv tsis tau txhawj xeeb txog qhov txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thaum hloov lawv mus rau wintery. Nws ntseeg hais tias lub sijhawm zoo rau kev hloov mus rau omshanik yog pib ntawm lub Kaum Ib Hlis rau thaj chaw ntawm Siberia thiab qhov kawg ntawm lub Kaum Ib Hlis Ntuj nyob rau ntau cheeb tsam yav qab teb.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm muv khoom, zib mu txawv los ntawm nws lub zog, nyob ntawm seb cov nroj tsuag uas nws tau harvested los ntawm. Nyeem txog cov kev pab ntawm txiv qaub, buckwheat, taub dag, phacelia, chestnut, acacia, espartsetovogo, rapeseed, coriander zib mu.

Cov cai

Thaum hloov Bee zos, ntxiv rau qhov dhau theem siab, Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua raws li cov cai no:

  1. Xaiv ib hnub kom qhuav. Koj tsis tuaj yeem coj mus rau hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov pob khaus nyoos. Qhov kev ntsuas no yooj yim yuav pab kom tsis txhob muaj cov kab mob fungus.
  2. Saib xyuas kom hloov mus rau tag nrho apiary rau 1-2 hnub. Tiv thaiv cov muv kom tsawg li tsawg tau.
  3. Thaum tso cov beehives nyob rau racks, muab cov tsev neeg muaj zog rau hauv qab txee, thiab cov uas tsis muaj zog rau saum, nws tseem sov muaj. Tom qab lub muv tau calmed down, koj muaj peev xwm qhib lub qis thiab Upper qhov.
  4. Tshav ntuj yuav tsum tsis txhob nkag mus rau hauv omshanik. Liab teeb siv los mus khiav cov cim nyeem.
  5. Tsis txhob cuam tshuam cov bees nrog nquag mus saib thaum pib ntawm lub caij ntuj no. Thaum pib ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, koj muaj peev xwm nce tus naj npawb ntawm cov kev mus ntsib, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv cov tsev neeg cov offspring tshwm thiab zib mu nce nce. Nyob rau lub sij hawm no, koj yuav tsum ntxiv dag zog rau qhov cua, thiaj li tsis muaj cov roj carbon dioxide ntau dua.
  6. Yog hais tias lub caij ntuj no hauv koj cheeb tsam yog hnyav, ces nco ntsoov sov lub khib nyiab nrog lub hauv ncoo.

Nws tseem ceeb heev! Yog xav saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb, nws zoo dua yog siv ob thermometers thiab ib qho chaw hygrometer. Cov cuab yeej siv no yuav pab kom qhov chaw nyob rau hauv feem ntau xis rau lub bees lub moj khaum.

Yog li, siv cov tswv yim ntawm kev ua vaj tsev khaws tseg thiab ua raws li cov cai rau kev hloov cov muv mus rau lub caij ntuj no, koj yuav ua kom lawv lub caij ntuj so cov hnub zoo xis thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb, pab lawv nce zog ua ntej lub caij ntuj tshiab. Thiab koj tsis tas txhawj txog kev ruaj ntseg ntawm Bee zos.