Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los, kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv kev yug me nyuam txawv txawv Indian khiav nrog peb cov neeg ua liaj ua teb thiab poultry ua liaj ua teb tau loj hlob. Thiab qhov no tsis yog xav tsis thoob, vim hais tias tus noog muaj ib tug zoo nkauj qe-tso thiab yog nto rau tsis tshua muaj siab, muaj kua thiab kev sib tw nqaij. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tu ntawm cov ducks yuav ua tau zoo yog tias qee cov cai thiab cov kev cai raug pom. Dab tsi - cia wb xav.
Keeb kwm keeb kwm
Cov phaw npab muaj ntsis zoo ib yam li cov yeeb yaj kiab, yog li ntawd nws tau lees txais tias lawv cov pog koob yawg koob yog cov duav penguin. Thawj cov lus hais ntawm ib qho txawv txawv noog nyob hauv cov ntawv sau ntawm Charles Darwin, thaum nws piav cov nqaij ntawm cov noog ua qhov khoom qab tshaj plaws thiab tsis txawv ntawm XIX caug xyoo.
Koj puas paub? Lub tebchaws ntawm Indian khiav yog cov kob ntawm Ost-Is Nrias teb, uas lawv tau ua ntej tshaj ob txhiab xyoo dhau los.
Cov neeg khiav dej num tau tshwm sim rau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm cov teb chaws Europe thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20, xyoo 1926. Txawm li cas los xij, lub sijhawm ntawd cov noog tau khaws cia hauv zoos thiab qhia tau tias yam tsis txawv thiab tsis tshua pom.
Yeeb yaj duab: Khob noom khab runners
Kev piav qhia thiab kev sib txawv hauv cov xim
Txij li thaum nws tsos Cov ducks yog zoo li cov penguinsNws yog qhov nyuaj rau lawv nrog lwm hom tsiaj. Lawv muaj vertical, elongated upward, lub raj mis zoo li lub taub hau, ib ncig ntawm lub hauv siab, ntev thiab nyias caj dab, tis kaw nrig rau lub cev, ob txhais ceg ntev, zoo ib yam li ib penguin, thiab plumage tuab.
Muaj ob peb lub subspecies ntawm cov noog uas txawv nyob rau hauv cov xim ntawm lawv cov plumage. 
Tsiaj qus
Tus poj niam ntawm cov xim qus yog qhov txawv ntawm xim kasfes plumage thiab daj-daj beak nrog cov pob zeb xiav ntawm qhov taub. Thaum tus txiv neej pom tau los ntawm kab tho xim ntawm lub caj dab, lub pob liab liab daj thiab tus yam ntxwv dawb kaw kaw lub caj dab mus rau lub mis. Tus drake muaj ib tug me me Tail dub thiab ntsuab xim, tsaus grey tis thiab taub dag txiv kab ntxwv. 
Silvery-wild
Tus txiv neej ntawm silvery-qus xim yuav lees paub los ntawm liab-xim av mis thiab nyiaj plab. Nws lub taub hau yuav luag dub nrog lub taum greenish thiab nrog ib tus kaus ncauj ntsuab, tis dawb kiag li. Cov ceg tawv yog txiv kab ntxwv.
Cov os yog qhov txawv ntawm yellowish-white plumage, nrog cov qos yaj ywm-grey me me ntawm caj dab, nraub qaum thiab nape.
Trout
Tus Drouted-coloured drake muaj xim liab, tsaus nti thiab grey tis. Ib tug me me beak nrog ib tug yam ntxwv dub claw kos adorns ib tug pleev xim rau nws lub taub hau. Ib qho kev txawv txav ntawm Tsov Tail no yog qhov kuaj pom ntawm lub caj dab ntsuab. Paws yog xim kab ntxwv ci. 
Tus poj niam "trout" muaj lub teeb xim-xim daj, thaum nyob tom qab, caj pas thiab lub plab nws tseem ceeb dua. Cov kaus hniav ntawm ib tug os yog qhov kaj lug nrog cov me me dub.
Dawb
Cov txiv neej thiab poj niam ntawm cov dawb subspecies muaj tib xim - tag nrho dawb tag nrho ob qho ntawm lub cev thiab ntawm tis. Lub beaks ntawm cov noog muaj ib tug zoo nkauj txiv qaub-daj hue. 
Dub
Tsis zoo li cov dawb subspecies, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov npauj dub muaj tsaus plumage nrog tus kab npauj npaim thiab ib qho txawv me ntsis ntsuab qis.
Koj tseem tuaj yeem pom cov oriental ducks nrog ib qho xim xiav, tawv nqaij lossis xim hauv cov "peas". Muaj cov noog nrog "Ukrainian" daj-xiav plumage. 
Puberty thiab qe ntau lawm
Indian khiav yog tshwj xeeb rau cov tswv teb vim siab qe ntau lawm. Mature noog ua 5-6 hli.
Koj puas paub? Runners ntawm txawv xim maj nyob rau hauv ntau lub caij. Piv txwv, cov qe coj cov qe tsuas yog thaum lub caij ntuj no, thiab cov xim dub thaum lub caij ntuj so. Yuav ua li cas yog vim li cas rau xws li ib tug tsoom fwv ntawm qe qhuav, zaum tau tsis tau tsim.
Qhov nruab nrab, ib tug poj niam, nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov vaj tse thiab khoom noj khoom haus, muaj peev xwm nqa ntawm 150 mus rau 360 qe ib xyoo. Qhov nyhav ntawm ib lub qe yog 65-80 g, lub plhaub plhaub yog 0.38 hli, xim yog feem ntau dawb, nws pom nrog xiav thiab ntsuab xaim.
Qe ntawm ducks ntawm no yug muaj zoo heev fertilization thiab high hatchability. Tom qab hatching, tus me nyaum qaib sai nce lub cev hnyav thiab hnyav 1.5 kg ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm ob lub hlis.
Nyob nrog hnyav hnyav thiab drake
Cov phaw khab zwm rau cov noog ntawm cov qe, tab sis lawv cov nqaij kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov uas tsis muaj tus ntxhiab tsw. 
Qhov nruab nrab, nyob qhov hnyav ntawm tus drake ranges ntawm 1.8 mus rau 2 kg. Qhov ceeb thawj ntawm cov poj niam yog me ntsis tsawg dua thiab nrog kev noj haus zoo nws muaj peev xwm ncav cuag 1.7-1.8 kg.
Xyuas seb yuav noj cov nqaij thiab roj li cas thiab yuav ua li cas chop thiab pluck os duav tsis tas.
Cov xwm txheej ntawm kev raug txim
Dua li ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov neeg khiav sab hnub tuaj muaj keeb kwm "txawv teb chaws" thiab muaj kev zoo nkauj, lawv yog cov tsis txaus siab rau cov ntsiab lus. Lawv zam cov dej khov nab kuab zoo, tab sis nyob rau hauv xws li no lawv txo qe ntau lawm rau 130 qe ib xyoos twg.
Yuav ua li cas rau nruab lub tsev
Yuav kom tau zoo me ntsis qe khawb indian ducks yuav tsum tau nruab nrog high-quality lub tsev. Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm thaj chaw yog: huv si, khawm qhuav thiab muaj teeb pom kev zoo. Txij li thaum tus neeg khiav dej num yog tshav kub-hlub noog, lawv yuav tsum npaj kom muaj chaw sov so thiab tsawg kawg ntawm 12 teev. 
Nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, los tsim teeb tsim nyog, koj yuav tsum siv lwm qhov chaw ntxiv nyob hauv daim ntawv siv hluav taws xob txuag hluav taws xob. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom muaj qhov qub, nruab nrab qis ntawm 65-75%, txwv tsis pub ntawm cov nqi nce cov noog tuaj yeem raug ntau kab mob.
Kawm ntxiv txog kev tsim koj lub tsho rau ducks, as Well as seb koj tuaj yeem khaws ducks thiab qaib ua ke.
Obligatory nam ntawm khaws cov ducks yog xam hloov kev hloov pauv hloov. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv txaj, nws pom zoo kom siv cov quav qhuav qhuav, sawdust los yog peat, uas txig ua kua ntau dhau thiab ua rau khib nyiab qhuav ntev ntev. 
Qhov chaw uas cov noog nyob yuav tsum ua qhov loj: rau ib pab tsiaj tsawg kawg 10 square meters. m
Koj puas paub? Ntau tus neeg tau to taub tias duck qe tsis haum rau tib neeg noj. Qhov no tsis yog qhov tseeb. Duck qe yog cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsim zoo tshaj thiab noj qab haus huv dua cov qe qaib, lawv tsis muaj roj cholesterol, tab sis muaj cov rog uas zoo rau lub cev.
Taug kev thiab nkag mus rau dej
Cov neeg khiav dejnum yuav tsum tau nkag mus rau cov dej. Yog hais tias nws tsis muaj peev xwm mus npaj dawb taug kev thiab ua luam dej hauv lub reservoirs, ces nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav ua rau ib tug poultry mev tshwj xeeb da dej. Cov txheej txheem dej tsis tu ncua pab ntxuav cov plaub thiab tiv thaiv ntau kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij, teeb meem nrog tis poob. Qhov tsis muaj teeb meem ntawm lub reservoir cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov ducks, thiab lawv cov khoom tsim tau.
Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yuav tsum teem caij feathered dawb ntau. Lawv nyiam sau cov khoom noj "nyom", tsis txhob tso ntau yam nroj tsuag, kab kab laum. Thaum mus taug kev, koj yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias cov noog tsis nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw uas lawv cog cov zaub, vim zaub yog cov khoom noj uas nyiam tshaj plaws. Yog hais tias nws tsis tuaj yeem mus taug kev noog, lawv yuav tsum tau muab cov zaub txawv txawv txhua hnub: nettle, dandelions, lettuce, dill, thiab lwm yam. 
Noj cov zaub mov
Thaum loj hlob runners, ib tug yuav tsum tsis txhob txuag rau lawv cov khoom noj khoom haus. Lawv yog voracious heev, yog li nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tswj kev noj haus thiab muab cov khoom noj rau hauv qhov yuav tsum tau, qhov ntsuas.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Vim cov ducks zes rau cov qe, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau xyuas kom tus poj niam tsis ua rog, txwv tsis pub nws cov qe yuav poob qis, los sis txawm ploj tag nrho.
Grazing thiab pub nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov
Pub rau noj thaum lub caij ntuj sov yuav tsum yog raws li kev taug kev ntawm cov noog. Cov phom yog cov tshis zaub pasture, yog li lawv zoo siab yuav nrhiav tau lawv cov zaub mov, noj cov zaub ntsuab, cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov nroj tsuag, nettle nplooj, dandelions, kab laum, cua nab, thiab lwm yam.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov noog muaj cai muab cov zaub mov pov tseg, zaub, cov hauv paus hniav, tsis ntau npaum li cas ntawm duckweed los ntawm reservoirs.
Ib qho "approximate menu" yuav tsum muaj cov khoom xyaw (ib hom noog):
- zaub ntsuab - hauv unlimited pluas;
- boiled qos yaj ywm (steamed) - 30 g;
- carrots - 20 g;
- pob txha noj mov - 10 g;
- taum hmoov - 10 g;
- hom qoob mog bran - 25 g;
- grain hmoov - 130 g
Thaum lub caij ntuj sov, nws txaus txaus noj cov ducks ib hnub thaum yav tsaus ntuj, siv cov cereal mixtures los ntawm pob kws, hom qoob mog, barley, oats thiab peas. 
Txawv ntawm lub caij ntuj no pub mis
Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, lub zaus ntawm pub ducks nce mus txog peb zaug ib hnub twg. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm active qe qhuav, noog yog pom zoo kom pub mus txog plaub zaug ib hnub twg. Nws yog tsim nyog rau kev txhawb cov zaub mov nrog cov paj hlwb ntawm cov khoom xyaw biologically thiab cov minerals tawm, ntxiv grated beets, carrots, zucchini, boiled qos yaj ywm, tawb bran rau lub ntsiab pub.
Lub caij ntuj no cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov neeg khiav dej num muaj xws li:
- ntub mash
- tshwj xeeb pub;
- Cereals - pob kws, nplej, barley, millet, oats, peas;
- hau zaub;
- vitamins thiab cov tshuaj minerals;
- chalk, coquina, limestone.
Kawm seb yuav ua li cas pub mis rau nws noj.
Thaum lub caij ntuj no, cov noog xav tau zaub mov ntau dua, tab sis koj yuav tsum tswj txhua hnub txhua hnub: tsis txhob pub overeating, tab sis kuj yuav muab ib qho duck ntawm kev noj haus kuj tsis tas yuav. 
Kev nteg qe Indian khiav (ducklings)
Yuav kom tau txais kev noj qab haus huv, muaj zog zag, tsib ntawm cov poj niam zoo tshaj plaws thiab ib qho kev txhim kho tshaj plaws yog xaiv los ntawm cov herd nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg. Thaum xaiv "niam txiv", qhov kev xav tau raug muab rau cov noog uas muaj tus kab mob uas muaj tus kabmob ntawm cov tawv nqaij, cov pojniam uas muaj tus kabmob sib cais, muaj plab thiab zoo nkauj plumage. Cov poj niam tus khub yog cov dej num ntau heev, muaj siab khov kho, ua tau yooj yim nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm mating, npaj kom npog cov ducks ntawm 5-6 lub hlis ntawm hnub nyoog.
Qe Ua kom yuag
Cov khaubncaws sab nraud yog hens zoo heev. Lawv zoo siab ua kom zoo siab ua rau cov me nyuam qaib, thiab cov hatchability ntawm cov tom qab hauv qab ntuj yog 90-95%. Qhov loj me me ntawm tus poj niam tsis pub nws sov tshaj 8-10 lub qe, yog li cov neeg ua liaj ua teb noj qaib siv cov kab tsim kom loj hlob ntawm cov tsiaj txhu.
Peb qhia koj kom paub ntau ntxiv txog kev yug me nyuam ducklings nyob rau hauv ib qho kev ua ke.
Qe rau kev tsim kom loj hlob yog:
- kwv yees li qhov qub;
- ib txwm tshiab - txog li 8 hnub;
- tsis muaj sab nraud, chips, tawg.
Maturation ntawm chicks los ntawm incubator kav txog ib lub hlis. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim kom loj hlob, koj yuav tsum ua raws li qee qhov ntsuas. kub, av noo thiab av qes hom:
- thawj lub lim tiam: qhov ntsuas kub yuav tsum yog + 38 ... +38.2 ° C, av noo - 70%. Qe yuav tsum tau muab tso kom ntev li 4 zaug ib hnub;
- ob lub lim tiam: kub - + 37 ° C, av qis - 60%, tooj ntawm cov yob - 4-6;
- Hnub 15 rau 15-25: cov av qeeg thiab qhov ntsuas kub nyob hauv qib dhau los, tab sis tib lub sijhawm, lub qe yog txias ib hnub ob zaug rau 15-20 feeb uas siv ib qho chaw txias, qaug zog ntawm potassium permanganate;
- 26-31st hnub: qhov ntsuas kub yog nyob ntawm +37.8 ° C, cov av noo mus rau 80%. Txwv tsis pub cua txias.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas ua raws li kev sov siab thaum lub sij hawm tsim kom zoo. Txij li thaum lub qe muaj roj ntau ntau, muaj qis kub, nws tsuas tua cov neeg khiav dej num yav tom ntej.
Nestlings pib "hatch" los ntawm cov qe nyob rau hnub tim 29 - 31st. Lub ducklings hatch muaj zog thiab noj qab nyob zoo, nce phaus sai thiab ncav cuag ob phaus tom qab ob lub hlis. 
Kev saib xyuas rau cov hluas
Cov poj niam khiav ncaj ncees yog cov niam tsev zoo nkauj thiab zoo siab tu lawv cov xeeb ntxwv. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias cov me nyuam tseem tawm mus rau leej niam, ces qhov kev ua rau lub qe ntxig yuav txo qis qis dua, vim tias cov me nyuam qaib nyom tsis yoojyim. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho cov kev siv zog tu rau me nyuam yaus caij nplooj ntoos zeeg nyob rau hauv lub xub pwg nyom ntawm poultry ua liaj ua teb. Qhov loj kom zoo dua ntawm cov khiav yog tias lawv cov me nyuam qaib muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo, tsis kam mus rau ntau yam ailments, thiab yog li ntawd tsis xav tau kev pab tshwj xeeb. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas lawv xav tau yog chav sov so, cov ris tsho qhuav, zaub mov zoo thiab kev nkag mus rau cov dej tshiab.
Nws yog qhov zoo: Vim li cas ho yog ib qho os?
Yuav noj dab tsi
Noj cov hluas yog txawv me ntsis ntawm cov khoom noj ntawm cov laus.
- Thawj hnub ntawm lub neej, ducklings yog pub 6-8 zaug ib hnub tsuas yog tshwj rau nrog nqaij qaib yolks, uas protein yog tov nyob rau hauv ob peb hnub tom qab.
- Txog rau hnub kawg ntawm plaub hnub, cov kua qaub rau hauv dej yog muab tso rau hauv dej thiab muab rau me me.
- Zaub ntsuab yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg. Dill, dandelion thiab spinach yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog fond ntawm me ducklings. Cov nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv loj qhov ntau muaj micro thiab macronutrients, cov vitamins yuav tsum tau rau txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov noog.
- Los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm thawj lub hlis, me nyaum qaib raug xa mus rau cov neeg laus noj zaub mov.
Yees duab: tag nrho cov neeg khiav dej num hauv Is Nrias teb
Kev xyuas ntawm tus poj niam Indian khiav
Indian khiav yog ib qho yug ntawm cov ducks amazing, uas muaj ntau qhov tshwj xeeb zoo. Cov noog, txawm tias lawv cov keeb kwm, yog cov kws kho mob thiab cov khoom noj tsis tshua meej, lawv muaj peev xwm thov cov tsiaj cog qoob rau xyoo puag ncig lub qe-tso thiab ua rau cov khoom noj qab haus huv uas tsis muaj cov ntxhiab tsw ntawm tina. Qhov teeb meem tsuas yog tias cov neeg ua liaj ua teb muaj peev xwm tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau yog qhov tau txais cov khoom muaj nqi zoo tshaj plaws.
