Moov yuav hu ua poj huab tais ntawm Hive. Nws yog lub luag hauj lwm rau lub ntsiab kev ua haujlwm uas ua kom lub neej ntawm tag nrho cov muv pej xeem, lub continuation ntawm hom thiab kev tu ntawm lub viability ntawm offspring.
Txhua lub subspecies nyob rau hauv lub Hive yog lub luag hauj lwm rau ib tug nyias muaj nyias. Drones yog txiv neej cov neeg, yoog tsuas yog rau fertilization ntawm uterus.
Ua hauj lwm muv, i.e., pojniam, muaj ib lub underdeveloped reproductive system, tab sis lawv lub cev yog tsim los sau qaub nectar, pollen, extract wax paj thiab tsim honeycombs. Bee thiab koom ua ke tag nrho cov nthuav inhabitants ntawm Hive, muab lawv ib tug tshiab lub neej thiab kev loj hlob.
Kev piav qhia thiab kev ua haujlwm
Nws yog heev tau nrhiav me ntsis muv-maid nyob rau hauv ib tug Hive, txij li nws yog loj dua ordinary bees. Tus neeg tsis sib haum yog kwv yees li ntawm 170-220 mg, thaum lub fetus hnyav txog 180-330 mg. Qhov ntev ntawm nws lub cev yog 20-25 hli.
Ib qho kev txawv txav ntawm cov queens ntawm txawv breeds yog lawv cov xim. Lawv lub plab zoo li lub vos, nws cov duab yog elongated thiab taw.
Tus neeg uas tsis muaj kev sib haum xeeb yog nyuaj rau nrhiav, raws li nws tsiv sai sai, dhia tshaj lub honeycomb. Tab sis lub fetus, nyob rau hauv tsis tooj, yog qeeb, nyuaj rau taug kev thiab visually ua ntau loj dua.
Nws yog surrounded los ntawm lwm bees uas tu nws thiab muab cov noob nom noob tswv jelly. Hauv qab no yog huab tais Bee.
Ib qho ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus zoo tshaj plaws yog zib mu. Nws muaj peev xwm ua tau ntau hom, piv txwv, buckwheat, txiv qaub, phacelia, rapeseed, ntseej, acacia, acacia, coriander, dawb.
Ntxiv nrog rau procreation, tus muam-poj niam kuj tseem lav txog ib qho tseem ceeb muaj nuj nqi. Nws sib koom ua ke nws ib pab nrog ib qho kev pab ntawm ib leej niam leej txiv tshwj xeeb, uas yog faib los ntawm nws.
Qhov no tshuaj ces faib los ntawm tag nrho cov neeg nyob hauv ntawm Hive, nrog rau cov tshwm sim hais tias lawv muaj tib tsis hnov tsw. Qhov no yuav pab tiv thaiv kom paub qhov txawv ntawm "lawv" thiab "neeg txawv."
Lub ntsiab hom queens
Nyob ntawm tus qauv ntawm kev yug me nyuam ntawm tus niam txiv, muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm nws. Xav txog txhua yam ntawm lawv.
Koj puas paub? Yog xav tau 1 kg ntawm zib mu, cov bees ua txog 4,500 missions thiab sau nectar los ntawm 6-10 lab paj. Ib tsev neeg muaj zog tuaj yeem sau txog 5-10 kg ntawm cov zib ntab txhua hnub.
Ntsiag to ua haujlwm
Lub tsev menyuam ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntsiag to pib thim hauv peb lub sijhawm:
- yog hais tias xws li ib tug kev hloov yog txhob txwm provoked los ntawm ib tug beekeeper;
- nyob rau hauv lub Hive, nyob qhov twg lub uterus yog twb qub;
- yog tias tus neeg ntawd raug mob.
Bees mus txuas ntxiv mus ua hauj lwm kom nquag, sau nectar thiab pollen, tsim honeycombs. Qhov no qhia tau meej meej tias tus huab tais tau ua haujlwm xwb. Lawv yeej ib txwm yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab muaj ntau tshaj qhov loj ntawm qhov fistulous thiab swarm.
Tom qab 16 hnub, ib tus tub ntxhais hluas tshiab tuaj tawm ntawm no poj huab tais ntawm tes thiab tua tus qub. Lub neej nyob rau hauv lub Hive tseem noj nws cov hoob kawm kom txog thaum tom ntej ua haujlwm ntsiag to.
Tsis tas li ntawd, txhua tus tsiaj ntawm bees txawv hais txog qhov no ntawm kev tshem ib lub tsev menyuam tshiab. Ib txhia ua qhov no tsis tshua muaj neeg pom, lwm tus tau ua txhua xyoo.
Koj puas paub? Bees muaj lub peev xwm tshwj xeeb los nqa cov khoom thauj mus dhau ib qho chaw ntxhib uas tshaj li lawv qhov hnyav 320 zaug.
Fistulae
Lub fistula raug muab tshem tawm yog hais tias nws qhov kev npaj txhij txog kev raug mob, hnub nyoog laus los yog lub beekeeper lub negligence. Xws li ib qho teeb meem nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm luv luv yuav nres qhov chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm tag nrho Hive, lub bees yuav pib tshwm kev ntxhov siab, ua ib lub suab zoo li ib tug me nyuam yaus.
Kev qe ntawm Bee me ntsis ua rau nws tus kheej tawm mus noj leej niam tshiab. Kab qhov chaw tso qe nyob rau hauv huab tais hlwb on Bee sowing, nyob qhov twg kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug tshiab huab tais Bee tshwm sim. Thoob plaws lub caij nyoog loj hlob lawv tau pub nrog lub noob nom noob tswv jelly.
Tom qab 16 hnub, cov menyuam yaus tshwm sim, uas nyob deb ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Bees tso tsuas yog ib los yog ob tug neeg los ntawm huab tais hlwb, qhov feem ntau haum rau lawv lub tswv yim.
Tom qab ntawd ib tug ntawm cov huab tais raug rhuav tshem lwm tus, thiab tom qab ntawd tag nrho cov neeg nyob hauv huab tais hlwb. Qhov no yog li cas fistula poj huab tais Hive tshwm. 
Swarm
Thaum lub Bee pawg npaj rau swarming, ib lub sij hawm ntawm hatching ntawm swarm bees pib. Yeej, lawv maj mam pw nyob rau hauv lub hives nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 10-50 pieces.
Tus muv lays nws cov qe nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb tais, tom qab uas tus txheej txheem ntawm lawv cov sau qoob los yuav siv qhov chaw. Cov no larvae pub ntau tus muaj koob muaj npe jelly, muab lawv nrog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev kho mob.
Yog li ntawd, tom qab 16 hnub, tus neeg ntawd rov qab ua zoo dua thiab loj dua nthe. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ib qho kev nplua nuj thoob ntiaj teb, vim hais tias ib tsev neeg nrog xws li ib tug menyuam yaus yog qhov nws raug nplua.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Yog hais tias, tom qab tso tawm thawj tus neeg, nws tsis cuam tshuam rau hauv no tus txheej txheem, ces qhov tshwm sim ntawm ib qho tawm ntawm tag nrho swarm, uas ua nrawm thiab nyhav tawm hauv Hive, yog zoo.
Lub neej puag ncig nta
Muaj ob peb theem nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm beekeeper:
- thaum thawj ob hnub lub qe yog nyob rau hauv lub plab ntawm leej niam leej txiv, ces nws yog muab tso rau hauv ib lub tais tshwj xeeb;
- on thib peb hnub lub larva tau txais mus rau hauv qhib lub xeev, nws pib mus rau nquag noj nrog Royal jelly;
- rau hnub tim 8, nws rov qab mus rau lub tais;
- txog rau hnub thib 12 ntawd nws rov mus rau lub xeev ntawm ib tug tub kawm ntawv;
- los ntawm 13th mus rau 16th hnub yog nyob rau hauv ib tug puppet lub xeev;
- Lub 17th yog hnub thaum lub menyuam qes me ntsis tawm los.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nyob rau hauv tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsis txhob thab lub Hive thaum lub sij hawm ntawm maturation ntawm maternal tus neeg, nws muaj peev xwm tau txais kev ntshai, ya tawm thiab tsis pom ib txoj kev rov qab, uas yuav ua rau nws tuag.
Qhov nruab nrab ntawm ib tug pojniam Bee yog 5 xyoos. Txawm li cas los, tom qab 2 xyoos ntawm nws lub neej, nws cov kev ua me nyuam tsis muaj zog zuj zus, nws nteg tsawg dua qe thiab sows ntau drones tshaj li cov muv ua hauj lwm. 
Nrog rau tag nrho cov no, lub hnub nyoog Bee-ntxhais nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg caij nres tso qe ua ntej hnub kawg, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, nyob rau hauv tsis tooj, tom qab. Tag nrho cov teeb meem no muaj ib qho kev muaj zog rau lub zog ntawm tus muv offspring raws li ib tug tag nrho thiab nyob rau ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov zib mu uas tsim los ntawm nws rau ib lub caij.
Kev paub beekeepers pom zoo hloov cov queens txhua ob peb xyoos. Txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws hauv qhov no yog kev hloov ntsiag to.
Xaus beemaps
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tshem ntawm cov huab tais muv nyob hauv tsev yuav zoo li nyuaj thiab yuav tsum tau ntau ntawm kev. Txawm li cas los xij, kev paub txog cov ntsiab cai thiab cov hau kev, nws yuav muaj peev xwm ua tau ib tus neeg tshiab.
Ib tug beehive yog ib qho chaw ua ke tag nrho, uas tsim muaj ntau cov khoom tseem ceeb heev, ntawm lawv: siv quav ciab, paj ntoos, propolis, zabrus, perga, noob caj noob ces jelly thiab muv venom.
Tej yam xwm txheej
Qhov tshem ntawm cov paj noob qoob loo tshiab yuav tsum tau nqa tawm ntawm ib tsev neeg muaj zog, thiaj li hais tias lawv zoo yog thawj thais.
Txhawb kev ua kom muaj kev noj qab haus huv tseem yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Qhov kub nyob rau hauv huab tais hlwb yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav hauv qab + 32 ° C, thiab humidity - 75-90%. Qhov no yuav pab koj aerothermostat, ua tsaug rau tej yam kev mob uas yooj yim heev muab.
Tsis tas li ntawd, nco ntsoov kom sib npaug ntawm cov poj niam hauv hlwb hauv txhua tsev neeg, qhov no ua kom muaj kev noj qab haus zoo ntawm cov noob nom noob tswv jelly thiab kev loj hlob.
Kev nquag nquag nquag yug me nyuam yog nyob ntawm kev sib luag ntawm lub sijhawm. Hauv qab no yog huab tais Bee hatching daim ntawv qhia hnub, uas koj tuaj yeem taug qab cov theem ntawm kab kev loj hlob. 
Txheej Txheem
Ncaj nraim cov txheej txheem ntawm niam txiv tawm nws tus kheej yuav tsum ua raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua:
- Mus nqa thiab npaj cov niam txiv rau qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg tsav tsheb nrog cov txiv neej zoo tshaj plaws. Qhov kev xaiv no yuav tsum yog ntawm cov muaj zog tshaj plaws thiab muaj kev noj qab haus huv.
- Mus nqa thiab ntsuas cov niam txiv xaiv tsev neeg. Lawv, xws li drones, yuav tsum yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, raws li lawv muaj feem xyuam rau cov khoom tsim tau thiab cov naj npawb ntawm cov me nyuam, nrog rau kev vam meej ntawm cov brood raws li ib tug tag nrho.
- Npaj xaiv thiab ua haujlwm nrog cov neeg zov menyuam. Muaj ob peb hom: tsev neeg qhia ntawv nrog ib tug me nyuam yaus uas tsis muaj menyuam yaus thiab nrog nws lub xub ntiag, ua rau tsev neeg tsis muaj qhib hlo thiab ib tug pojniam Bee, ib tsev neeg tsis muaj ib tug poj niam tus me nyuam thiab ib tug twg. Xaiv ib lub tsev neeg raws li lub hom phiaj uas koj niam.
- Cov tsos ntawm layering, qhov kev siv ntawm uterus fertilization thiab kev ntsuam xyuas. Them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm lub qe qhuav ntawm lub tsev menyuam, kev tsim tau thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tsev neeg tshiab tau tsim.
Ntau cov neeg beekeepers siv replanting ntawm huab tais muv, yog hais tias ib tug poob ntawm yav dhau los tus neeg tau tshwm sim los yog nws tau ua tsis muaj zog mus nqa tawm nws cov kev ua me nyuam.Qhov no yuav tsum tau nqa tawm tsuas yog nyob rau hauv zoo huab cua sov, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub sij hawm ntau sau ntawm nectar. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub sij hawm yog caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab thaum Lub Xya Hli.
Tag
Kev tshawb nrhiav rau cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog yuav ua tau ntev thiab lub sijhawm siv. Yuav kom yooj yim txhawb txoj kev no, beekeepers siv labeling ntawm lub cev ntawm ib tug Bee-ntxhais nrog kev pab los ntawm cov cim ntawm ntau xim.
Nws tseem yuav ua rau nws yooj yim dua kom khiav ntawm nws lub hnub nyoog, vim peb txhua tus paub tias lub sijhawm ntawm leej niam lub siab qhov khoom tsim tau yog thawj 2 xyoo ntawm lub neej. Cov cim npe tseem yuav pab nrhiav qhov tsoo uas tau ntog hauv, txheeb xyuas tsev neeg nrog lawv tus poj huab tais.
Ntxiv mus, cov muv khib, khib txaus, ua kom muaj kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom, uas paub tseeb tias cov neeg zoo li no zoo tshaj lwm tus. Cov pojniam mos ab yog ib lub tswv yim tiag tiag uas muaj kev sib koom siab ntau txhiab tus neeg ntawm nws tus kheej, muab lawv lub neej thiab ua tiag tiag "niam" uas nws poob lub bees heev painfully ntxeem.
Yog tias koj xav cog qoob loo zoo ntawm cov kab no, them rau qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab qhia kev tu siab tshaj plaws rau leej niam leej txiv. Lub zog ntawm lub genus raws li ib tug tag nrho, tus naj npawb ntawm lub Hive thiab nws tsim khoom thiab viability nyob ntawm seb lawv.
