Yog hais tias koj nyob hauv kev tshawb ntawm pear ntau yam uas tsis yog tsuas muaj peev xwm khaws cia tau zoo ntawm nws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tab sis txawm nrog lub sij hawm nws muaj peev xwm los txhim kho lawv cov khoom vaj tsiaj tsev - qhov no tsab xov xwm, tsis muaj ib tug tsis ntseeg, yog npaj rau koj. Nws yuav tsom mus rau tom qab Belarusian pear, qhov kev piav qhia ntawm no ntau yam, lub intricacies ntawm cog thiab saib xyuas rau nws.
Kev yug me nyuam yav dhau los
Qhov hom ntawm tsob ntoo twb xub tau los ntawm sowing lub noob ntawm dawb pollination ntau yam ntawm Fabkis pear "Zoo Louise". Rau thawj lub sij hawm, hom no tau txiav txim siab los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Belarusian Research Institute ntawm Horticulture, uas yog tam sim no hu ua lub koom haum Horticulture, National Academy of Sciences ntawm Belarus.
Koj puas paub? Nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawm ancient Greece, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm pear raug siv raws li ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm txoj kev mob kev mob. Greek seafarers absorbed nyias slices ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo mus txog rau thaum cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob subsided.
Cov sau phau ntawv ntawm ntau yam no yog suav hais tias nyob rau theem nrog 3 tus cog qoob loo: G. Kovalenko, M. G. Myalik thiab N. I. Mikhnevich. Txij li xyoo 1989, qhov no tau muab nkag rau hauv Lub Xeev Sau Cov Hom Ntawv thiab Cov Cwj Pwm ntawm BSSR, thiab txij li xyoo 2002 nws tau muab tso rau hauv Lub Xeev Sau Ntawv ntawm Kev Ua Kom Ua Kev Txhawb Nqa, uas tau tso cai los thov hauv Russia.
Kev piav qhia thiab txawv txav ntawm ntau yam
Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias ntau yam tau txais nws lub npe rau ib qho laj thawj. Thawj feem ntawm nws, raws li twb meej, qhia thaj tsam ntawm tus thawj bred ntoo ntawm no ntau yam, qhov thib ob txhais tau hais tias cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm no ntoo ripen nyob rau hauv Autumn thiab lub caij ntuj no.
Ntoo
Tsob ntoo no muaj qhov loj me me. Qhov siab ntawm ib tug neeg laus cog tsis tshua muaj 5 m, qhov sib dhos ntawm lub pob zeb txawv ntawm 3 mus rau 4.5 m. Cov yas muaj qhov sib npaug zoo, ib qho zoo nkauj, ceg ntoo loj loj rau 90 ° ntawm lub cev. Tus tua muaj nruab nrab thickness, ib chav sib xyaw thiab them nrog fibers, xim uas nws txawv ntawm lub teeb dawb mus rau lub teeb xim av.
Xyuas seb muaj ntau hom pears li: "Otradnenskaya", "Kokinskaya", "Fairytale", "Nika", "Rogneda", "Elena", "Lada" thiab "Rossoshanskaya dessert".Lub raum yog khaus-zoo li, me me loj, liab qab. Cov ceg yog them nrog ntau hom lentils. Cov nplooj yog ntawm medium loj, lub puab - los ntawm hloov mus rau oval. Cov nplooj ntoos ntug yog khav, me ntsis jagged, tsa ib qho saw nrog cov hniav zoo. Xim - lub teeb ntsuab, du rau qhov kov, ncaj ntom. Cov paj yog theej loj loj, muaj cov tsiaj txhu thiab muaj xim dawb.
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo
Qhov loj ntawm fetus piv nrog rau feem ntau lwm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm no tsiaj - medium. Qhov hnyav nruab nrab yog li ntawm 100-120 g. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog elongated, ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog theej npau xim, nws yog ib qho kev sib ntxub heev. Tag nrho saum npoo rippled nrog ib lub teeb xim daj. Coloring nyob ntawm lub degree ntawm kom loj hlob thiab lub sij hawm uas fetus nteg nyob rau hauv ib tug torn daim ntawv. Raws li ib txoj cai, thaum lub sij hawm thaum lub sij hawm sau ua tiav, cov xim ntawm pears yog greenish nrog thaj ua rau ntawm horns liab-liab, thiab nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm feem ntau haum rau tau, lawv tau ib daj xim nrog ib tug me ntsis reddish tinge.
Koj puas paub? Pear - ib tus txheeb ze tus txheeb ze ntawm tus sawv, vim hais tias nrog rau lub xeem, as Well as hawthorn, kua ntoo thiab txawm ntau tshaj 2000 txhiab nroj tsuag, belongs rau qhov kev txiav txim Rosaceae.
Hauv pears yog dawb, muaj ib tug qab ntxiag, moderately pronounced pear tsw nrog ib tug hint ntawm vanilla, heev muaj kua, Sweet thiab muag heev nyob rau hauv saj. Cov qauv ntawm lub pulp yog zoo-grained, oily mus rau lub kov.
Yuav ua li cas mus nrhiav rau thaum yuav seedlings
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov hais tias tsis muaj ib qho yuav ua rau ib tug yuav khoom ntawm spontaneous kev lag luam, txij li qhov tus neeg muag khoom rau lawv yog cov neeg pluag los yog tsis ua raws li hom purity ntawm lawv cov seedlings ntawm tag nrho cov. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv kev lag luam, feem ntau feem ntau cov keeb kwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas cov ntoo yog qhwv hauv hnab yas, uas ua kom zoo heev rau lawv thiab muaj kev phem heev rau lawv lub neej yav tom ntej. Txawm hais tias koj muaj hmoo txaus kom tau ib tug yeem validation, qhov ua tau hais tias qhov no yuav yog ib tug wilderness yuav siab heev. Nws yog txaus ntshaw tias lub seedling yuav zus thiab cog nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam climatic, uas yuav feem ntau sib raug zoo mus rau qhov chaw uas koj npaj siab cog tsob ntoo me. Qhov no yuav yooj yim rooting thiab ua rau kom zoo tshaj plaws kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub neej tom ntej.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Kev ceeb toom yuav tsum tau them rau lub hauv paus system ntawm cov Tshuag. Nws yuav tsum muaj ib txoj kev muaj zog thiab muaj kev noj qab nyob zoo uas yuav ua rau lub hauv paus muaj kev vam meej thiab kev txhim kho ntawm cov yub.
Pear seedlings ntawm no ntau yam yog feem ntau grafted on seedlings ntawm ib tug txawv pear ntau yam, uas, txawm li ntawd los, yuav tsum tau muaj ntau dua tsis kam mus droughts. Nws tsis yog tsim nyog yuav tsum tau pear seedlings uas raug grafted on cotoneaster, hawthorn, irgu thiab quince, vim hais tias lawv tsis muaj qhov zoo ntawm theem ntawm drought siab tev taus.
Xaiv qhov chaw rau ntawm qhov chaw
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws qhov chaw cog cov txiv pear no yuav yog ib qho cuab yeej uas nyob rau hauv kev tshav ntuj rau lub sijhawm ntev tshaj plaws rau nruab hnub, txij thaum pear yog lub teeb pom kev zoo. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov loj ntawm ib tug neeg laus ntoo, tawm rau nws txoj kev loj hlob ib zaj lus ntawm yam tsawg 4 × 4 m. Cov av zoo tshaj plaws rau cog pears yog dub av nplua nuj nyob rau hauv ntau yam organic teeb meem.
Rau cog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab txoj kab yog haum ntau yam xws li: "Marble", "Duchess" thiab "Favorite Yakovlev".Cov av yuav tsum muaj cov pa txaus thiab dej tau zoo. Hauv paus system ntawm no hom pears yog tshwj xeeb yog yooj yim mus rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntau fungal kab mob, yog li cov av yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav satiated nrog ntau noo noo. Sandy thiab av nplaum xau yog tsim rau kev loj hlob pears phem tshaj plaws, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug av lub nroj tsuag tsis tau tag nrho tsim nws paus system, uas ua rau yus tsis zoo.
Npaj ua hauj lwm ua ntej yuav tsaws
Thaum xub thawj, cov ntoo hluas yuav tsum tau zoo-loosened thiab fertilized nrog ib tug loj pes tsawg tus minerals av. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los nteg ib tug sib tov nyob rau hauv aub tsiv npaj rau cog, uas muaj 2 chiv quav tsiaj, 2 xuab zeb thoob, 35 g ntawm poov tshuaj-muaj tshuaj, thiab 20 g ntawm superphosphate. Nco ntsoov loosen cov av, uas koj npaj siab yuav ua rau sprinkle ib tug tub ntxhais hluas nroj tsuag, thiab kuj maj tag nrho cov nroj nyob rau hauv nws cov chaw. Nws yog tsim nyog saib xyuas hais tias tag nrho cov nquag nruas Cheebtsam thiab seem ntawm lwm yam pear hom raug muab tshem tawm los ntawm cov av, txij li thaum lawv yuav kis tau nrog ntau parasites thiab kab mob yam ntxwv ntawm no cov nroj tsuag tsiaj.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Los txhim kho txheej txheem ntawm kev ua lub hauv paus system, nws yog pom zoo kom ua lub sapling nrog kev pab los ntawm ib qho kev loj hlob stimulator paus, piv txwv li, Charkora.
Tom ntej no yog los npaj ib lub sapling. Ua li no, lawv rhuav tshem tawm tag nrho cov nplooj thiab tshem tawm cov ceg thiab qhov chaw ntawm lub keeb kwm uas ua pov thawj pom kev ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Tom qab ntawd, lub seedling yuav tsum tau soaked nyob rau hauv dej, tso nws cov keeb kwm nyob rau hauv cov kua rau tsawg kawg 3 teev. Tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem pib taug mus rau txoj kev ncaj nceeg.
Cov kauj ruam-ua-theem txheej txheem ntawm cog seedlings
Belarusian lig-qib pear muaj nram qab no cog algorithm:
- Thaum xub thawj nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los npaj ib lub qhov taub ntawm 1 m thiab ib lub tob ntawm 80 cm Nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshwm sim tias lub keeb kwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog them nrog ib tug earthy clod, qhov aub tsiv yog dug raws li nws loj.
- Tom ntej, cov tub ntxhais hluas cov nroj tsuag yog immersed nyob rau hauv ib tug aub tsiv nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev, thiaj li hais tias nws cov keeb kwm yog tag nrho pw tawm nyob rau hauv nws thiab tsis txhob khoov. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, hauv paus caj dab yuav tsum protrude 6-8 cm saum toj no hauv av.
- Ib tug pit nrog ib tug submerged seedling yog sau nrog ib tug fertile txheej ntawm av, uas yog compacted raws li nws yog ntxiv.
- Cov tub ntxhais hluas pear yog poured nrog kom txaus dej (li 3-4 thoob).
- Tom qab dej noo, nws yog worthwhile mus mulch cov av nyob ze cov nroj tsuag qia nrog kev pab los ntawm humus, poob nplooj los yog quav nyab.
Lub caij ntu saib xyuas
Pears yog heev unpretentious nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm tsob ntoo kev kho mob. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tau zoo raws li yog: cov sij hawm rau lub sij hawm, kev ua tiav rau lub sij hawm, thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm ntau yam kab mob thiab kab tsuag.
Kev tu xyuas av
Thaum thawj 2 xyoo tom qab cog, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los soj ntsuam lub xeev ntawm hauv av cheeb tsam ib ncig ntawm lub pob tw: maj nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv ib tug raws sijhawm thiab ntiav av loosening (5-7 cm). Yuav kom tiv thaiv cov nroj tsuag, koj tuaj yeem siv ntau hom tshuaj ntawm herbicides.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas lub zog herbicide ntsiab tsis poob rau ntawm cov nroj tsuag, vim li no yuav ua rau lawv tseem ceeb raug mob. Yog li ntawd, txau nrog lawv yog nqa tawm tsuas yog nyob rau hauv calm huab cua.
Tom qab qee lub sij hawm, qee hom qom tuaj yeem cog ze ntawm tsob ntoo, piv txwv li, qee hom qej, liab fescue los yog tiaj nyom bluegrass. Cov nroj tsuag, tom qab txiav nyom, yuav ua ib qho chaw zoo heev ntawm pob zeb hauv av chiv rau koj pear. Qhov no ntau yam ntawm pears muaj ib tug ncaj siab tsis kam mus rau qhuav tej yam kev mob, yog li ntawd, raws li ib txoj cai, tsis yuav tsum tau ntxiv noo noo. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov huab cua kub hnyiab, cov ntoo pom zoo kom ywg dej 2 zaug hauv ib hnub, ntawm tus nqi ntawm 5-7 thoob dej rau txhua tus neeg laus ntoo.
Lub cev tsis zoo ntawm lub tsob ntoo ntawm lub cev tsuas yog ua tiav thaum thawj xyoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas pears, tom qab ntawd nws tsuas yog siv qee zaus thaum qhuav qhuav qhuav, thiaj li tiv thaiv kom txhob ntev thiab dhau sai sai ntawm cov av noo ntawm cov av. Mulching yog nqa tawm siv quav nyab, humus, freshly txiav nyom los sis nplooj poob.
Sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws
Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, nws yog pom zoo kom nqa tawm 2 paus plab hnyuv ntxwm: ib qho thaum lub sij hawm flowering thiab lwm sai sai tom qab. Ob qho tib si ntawm cov ntaub qhwv no yuav tsum muaj cov pob zeb hauv av. Rau thawj, ib tug daws ntawm nitrate yog tau nyob rau hauv qhov ratio ntawm 1:50 thiab ntxiv watering yog nqa tawm ntawm tus nqi ntawm 30 g ntawm nitrate ib square Meter ntawm pear loj hlob ntau. Qhov thib ob hauv paus hnav khaub ncaws yuav ua tau ib tug daws ntawm urea, nyob rau ntawm tus nqi ntawm 180-220 g ntawm cov khoom ib thoob dej.
Pob zeb cov chiv yog lub ntsiab pub ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab shrubs.Txog 5 liv ntawm cov tshuaj no yuav txaus rau fertilizing ib tsob ntoo. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau fertilize siv foliar txoj kev. Nws yuav zoo tshaj yog tias cov tshuaj no muaj tshuaj muaj phosphorus thiab potassium, piv txwv li, ib nitroammofosku, ammofosku los sis tshuaj magnesium sulphate. Kev ua yog nqa tawm raws li cov lus qhia muab rau hauv pob nrog tshuaj. Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, yuav tsum hnav khaub ncaws ib zaug, dua li thaum lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj, uas yuav muaj ntau qhov cov organic teeb meem.
Qhov no tej zaum yuav ua rau cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov nroj tsuag, fermented thiab diluted 1:10 noog daj los yog kua mullein. Koj tseem tuaj yeem ntxiv ntoo tshauv ntawm tus nqi ntawm 1 khob rau 1 lub xwmfab. m ntawm av. Yuav tsum rau cov nroj tsuag tsuas yog hnav khaub ncaws ua ntsuas nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab Autumn lub sij hawm. Daim ntawv sau thov foliar caij nplooj ntoos hlav raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev xav tau xws li cov nroj tsuag, uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv kev hloov ntawm tsob ntoo los yog qhov zoo ntawm qoob loo.
Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv
Tiv thaiv txau kom txuag cov qoob loo ntawm kab tsuag thiab kab mob yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau ntawm ua haujlwm ntawm 1-2 lub lis piam. Koj tuaj yeem siv tau rau lub hom phiaj no ntawm ntau hom tshuaj hu ua fungicides thiab insecticides, txhua tus neeg uas muaj ib co subtleties ntawm kev npaj thiab kev ua ntawm kev ua, uas yuav ntxiv refined ntawm lub ntim.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Qhov ua tiav ntawm cov ntoo yuav tsum tau nqa tawm tsis pub dhau ib lub hlis ua ntej hnub yuav tsum sau qoob loo.
Nws yog tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias txhua yam kev ua ntawm cov tshuaj no yuav tsum tau nqa tawm hauv cov huab cua uas muaj huab cua tsis muaj cua txhua. Qhov nrov tshaj plaws thiab ntau yam kev kho muaj xws li Bordeaux kua, 5% kua qab zib thiab 5% cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Pruning
Cov tub ntxhais hluas yuav tsum tau cov pob txha, uas yog tsim los ua rau lawv lub neej yav tom ntej lush. Rau lub hom phiaj no, tus tub ntxhais hluas seedling yog sab laug nyob rau hauv 5 feem ntau zoo-tsim ceg thiab lub pob tw yog txiav tawm los ntawm ¼. Cov laus tuaj yeem ua kom khov ntawm cov yas. Cov duab ntawm cov ntoo uas paub tab yog nqa tawm nrog pib ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab ua ntej thawj zaug Autumn strike tawm tsam. Nws aims kom tshem tawm tag nrho cov me me tua tawm thiab puas, tuag ceg. Ua rau pruning pears, nws yog tsim nyog nco ntsoov hais tias lub crown yuav tsum muaj ib tug uniformly expanding downwards qauv. Yog hais tias lub hauv paus ceg ntawm cov neeg nyob sib ze nyob ze, lawv yuav tsum ua kom zoo dua.
Kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam txias thiab nas
Tus "Belarusian Late" qib pear tau zoo heev kuj tsis tau, tab sis, yog tias cov winters hauv koj thaj av tsis yog snowy, muaj feem yuav muaj kev cia khov ntawm cov hauv paus hniav nyob hauv cov av txheej av. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, nws yog pom zoo kom npog cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm lub pob tw nrog sawdust los yog humus. Cov pob zeb ntawm kev cog ntoo tshiab yuav tsum muab qhwv rau hauv ntawv. Yuav kom tiv thaiv tawm tsam ntau yam nas, koj tuaj yeem thov ib qho pheej yig thiab txhim khu kev qha - khi ib lub cev ntoo nrog conifers.
Koj tseem tuaj yeem siv cov xiab los yog txiav cov txiv ntoo tua kab. Muaj, ntxiv rau, ntau cov tshuaj lom ze uas tau tsim tshwj xeeb los tua cov nas tsuag thiab muaj nyob hauv lawv cov qoob loo creolin lossis lwm yam tshuaj tsim los ua rau cov tsiaj tuag. Peb cia siab tias phau ntawv no tau pab koj nrhiav cov lus teb rau koj cov lus nug txog pears ntawm Belarusian Late ntau. Kev ua tiav ntawm tag nrho cov lus pom zoo no yuav lav koj zoo siab heev. Hmoov zoo rau koj thiab koj lub vaj!
