Ib qho ntawm cov kev txawj ntse tsim nyog hauv beekeeping yog tshem ntawm cov poj niam. Nyob rau hauv cov kev kawm ntawm beekeeping muaj ib tug tag nrho ceg hu ua matology. Cia wb xav saib dab tsi muaj nyob rau kev yug me nyuam poj niam bees thiab ib qho yooj yim rau cov tswv rau cov pib tshiab.
Tej yam uas yuav tsum tau ua rau cov me nyuam mos liab
Xav txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev rho cov queues rau lawv tus kheej los yog rau kev siv. Ua ntej pib ua txoj hauj lwm no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau xyuas qhov system uas yog tsim los ntawm cov neeg saib xyuas rau kev ua haujlwm. Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov poj niam yug me nyuam pib nrog xaiv cov tsev neeg uas muab yug rau lawv. Nws yog qhov zoo ntawm cov niam txiv, uas yog, lub tsev menyuam thiab cov drones, hais tias tag nrho cov cim tom ntej ntawm cov xeeb ntxwv nyob ntawm seb. Tag nrho lub luag hauj lwm rau kev tsim khoom thiab lub dag lub zog ntawm cov tsev neeg yog yug los ntawm cov menyuam yaus, uas lawv muab tso rau ntawm lub taub hau ntawm cov tsev neeg no. Yog li, qhov kev xaiv yuav tsum yog ntawm cov tseem haib, noj qab nyob zoo thiab zoo. Maiv cov kws tshawb fawb hais tias qhov tshem tawm ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas cov poj niam yuav nqa tawm ntawm nws tus kheej, txawm nyob rau hauv me me apiaries.
Yog tias koj tab tom npaj los tsim ib qho apiary, tom qab ntawd tau txais kev paub nrog cov nta ntawm beekeeping rau cov neeg tshiab.
Ua raws li cov hauv qab no:
- qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau lub beekeeper yog lub zib mu productivity ntawm Bee tsev neeg;
- xyoo tsev neeg muaj zog;
- tsis kam mus txias;
- kab mob tsis haum thiab kev noj qab nyob zoo.
- xyuas qhov zoo ntawm cov zib ntab uas tsev neeg tsim tawm;
- ntxuav thiab tsau tshuaj rau lub Hive, pub nws, uas yuav tsim kho lub bees, thiab li tiv thaiv lub Hive los ntawm Nosema;
- muab cov khoom noj tsis-crystalline rau muv.
Zib ntab yog nyob deb ntawm tus nqi tsuas yog tus neeg tau txais vim yog muv. Beekeeping khoom xws li paj ntoos, paj ntoos venom, quav, propolis, podmora, perga, muaj koob muaj npe jelly thiab drone mis kuj tau thov.Ua ntej yug me nyuam ntxhais nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau thaum kawg hloov hibernating qub huab tais nrog tshiab, nyuam qhuav yug bees. Yog li koj yuav siv lub tshem ntawm cov ntxhais huab tais yog tsis muaj beekeeping ntawm Bee tsev neeg. Kev hloov txheej txheem xaus rau thaum pib ntawm lub hli kawg ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Qhov xaus yuav muab cov txiaj ntsim ntxov ua ntej yog hais tias cov kab tsim los ntawm kev pub zaub mov los ntawm cov carbohydrates los yog cov proteins.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Tsis tas li ntawd rau lub hom phiaj no nws yog ua tau los txhim kho cov kev mob ntawm cov kab nyob, namely, kom insulate lub Hive thiab ua kom tiv thaiv los ntawm cov cua, koj muaj peev xwm qhia lub Hive los ntawm wintering qhov chaw ua ntej.Tom qab koj pib hloov cov queens qub nrog cov hluas thiab tau ntim cov nplaum, koj tuaj yeem tsim cov tsev neeg uas yuav ntxiv cov menyuam yaus lub txhab. Beekeepers hais tias nyob rau hauv xws li ib qho kev kawm tsev neeg yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog ob thiab ib nrab kilograms ntawm bees, plaub thav ntawv nrog perga, thiab kuj txog kaum ib plhom ntawm zib mu.
Drones tawm
Qhov no yog ua los ntawm beekeepers nyob rau hauv thawj heev hnub tom qab hives raug muab tawm ntawm wintering qhov chaw, vim hais tias puberty pib rau txog ib lub hlis nyob rau hauv kab. Nqa drones, koj xav tau xaiv ib qho ntawm tsev neeg zoo tshaj plaws apiary. 
Nyob rau hauv xws li ib tsev neeg, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog rau nqaim lub zes rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tau loj, tawm hauv lub moj khaum nyob rau hauv lub Hive, koom nyob rau hauv yug me nyuam (zib mu, perga). Yog li, tus huab tais yuav tsis muaj peev xwm nteg qe nyob rau hauv tag nrho. Tom qab ntawd nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub zes muab drone honeycomb. Nyob rau hauv apiaries qhov twg drones thiab cov pojniam raug kaw tawm, tshwj xeeb hlwb nrog insulators yog siv rau ntawm ib kablus.
Koj puas paub? Bees ua zib tshaj 150 plhom xyoo.Lub drone faus nrog tus huab tais yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv ib qho insulator, tsuas yog tom qab nws yuav nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub zes. Lub tsev menyuam yuav nteg qe 4 hnub tom qab ntawd, muab cais tawm mus rau hauv zej zos zes thiab muab tso tawm tshiab. Tsev neeg nyob rau hauv uas lub drones yog muaj tsev nyob yuav tsum tau supplemented nrog qab zib syrup los yog zib mu syrup txhua hnub.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Periodically nws yog tsim nyog los ntxiv dag zog rau xya thav ntawv nrog luam Bee brood.
Txoj kev tshem cov poj vaj ntxwv: ib qho ntawm kev ua
Ib tug beginner beekeeper, ua ntej nkag rau hauv no tus txheej txheem, yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias nws yuav tsum tau kev txawj ntse, kev paub thiab nruj me ntsis ua raws li cov lus qhia:
- Siv lub thaiv, cais los ntawm tsev neeg loj ntawm kab los ntawm ib tug Hahnemannian kab sib chaws. Hloov cov ncej nrog tus poj huab tais. Hauv qhov thaiv no yuav tsum muaj yam tsawg kawg 4 ntas, 2 hau nrog hnav khaub ncaws, thiab 2 nrog qhib brood. Tus huab tais yuav tsum tau so hauv qhov kev xam phaj no rau ib lub lim tiam, tom qab uas nws yuav tsum ntxiv 4 ntas, ntxiv nrog brood los ntawm lwm tsev neeg.
- Cov kab neeg tsim kab yuav ua rau ntau tus huab tais hlwb thaum cov tub ntxhais hluas bees yog freed los ntawm sealed brood. Nws yuav tshwm sim hauv 9 hnub.
- Tom qab 5 hnub tom qab ntawm pawg lus dhau los, koj yuav tsum tau teem dua lwm tsev neeg nyob rau hauv ib nrab nrog ib qho kev faib nrog Ganeman ntxig rau. Rau 9 hnub, siv no thaiv raws li ib tug hlais, vim hais tias lub sij hawm no lub qhib brood yuav raug muab khi.
- Tom ntej no koj yuav tsum ua kom 1 ncej thaij duab. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog rau qee lub sij hawm los npaj tus tshiab sushi los ntawm honeycomb, tab sis nws yuav tsum tsis txhob sau nrog tshuaj, thiab txav mus rau hauv no thav duab. Ib lub lim tiam tom qab, tus poj huab tais, uas tau so, tau muab coj mus ua kom tiav cov kab nrig tas. Muab Ganeman ntxig rau ntawm ntug, tawm tus npliag huab tais nrog poj huab tais hauv tsev menyuam.
- Ntau lub qe loj yuav tsum tau pw ntawm ib sab, uas cov poj niam uas tau txum tim yuav ua ob peb hnub tom ntej.
- 4 thav ntawv yuav tsum tau xa tawm ntawm leej niam Hive mus rau spare. Nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug Hive koj yuav tsum tau hloov lub huab tais los ntawm lub txim chaw. Nyob rau hauv lub honeycomb feem ntau ntxiv ntxiv 0.5 liv dej thiab brood nrog bees.
- Siv lub honeycomb los ntawm insulator mus rau ib chav tsev nrog ib tug high kub, ces txiav nws mus rau hauv ib daim hlab. Tsoo txhua 2 lub qe, tawm hauv tsuas yog txhua peb. Qhov no yog ua kom thinning tus niam cawv. Siv lub tshwj xeeb grafting thav ntawv, koj yuav tsum tau xa lub honeycombs pre-txiav mus rau hauv ib daim hlab rau lawv slats. Faib cov ntu ntawd kom lawv hloov nyob rau hauv tsev neeg muaj menyuam nrog cov thwj tim ib txwm.
- Yuav kom loj hlob kab, muab peb thav ntawv ntawm huab tais hlwb mus rau ib nrab ntawm cov yav dhau los faib hives. Tsis muaj qe nyob rau hauv lawv, txij li thaum huab tais ntawm kab nyob rau hauv lawv yog muab tso rau hauv qab muab faib. Ib lub thawv ntawv yuav tsum muab tso rau hauv txhua qhov ib nrab ntawm cov khaus. Tom ntej, ib tsev neeg ntawm cov kab yuav loj hlob leej niam, thiab coj lawv txaus Royal jelly. Tsis txhob hnov qab tso tawm ib qho ntawm cov koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kabmob hauv tsev menyuam.
- Thaum kawg koj yuav tsum muab tso rau hauv cov khoob khoob loj. Coj lawv tawm mus rau ib kauj av kaum ib hnub tom qab tus huab tais tau muab tso rau hauv pawg ntseeg cais. Tso rau txhua qhov kev tsim ntawm tes, thiab mus rau lub xeem - poj huab tais muab kaw. Muab cov niam txiv tsev rau ob qhov teeb meem. Cia tawm ntawm huab tais hlwb nyob rau hauv lub layouts raws li ib tug spare khoom.
Txhua leej txhua tus paub hais tias zib mu yog heev six thiab noj qab haus huv delicacy. Nyeem txog nws cov nto moo tshaj plaws: coriander, chestnut, buckwheat, hawthorn, espartsetovy, rapeseed, cypress, ntuj, qab zib, dawb, acacia, txiv qaub thiab phacelia.
Ntuj txoj kev
- Natural yug me nyuam bees - Qhov no yog qhov yooj yim txoj kev ntawm yug me nyuam huab tais bees, tso los ntawm qhov. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau tsev neeg kab yuav dhau mus ua daig. Yog hais tias koj tsim cov kev mob zoo tshaj plaws rau kev swarming nyob rau hauv lub Hive, txoj kev no yuav zoo heev accelerated. Peb thav ntawv nrog brood yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv lub Hive, qhov siv qhov yuav tsum tau them, thiab yuav tsum muaj tsis muaj kev tsis sib cais uas tsis yog cais. Tom qab ntawd, tos kom txog thaum poj huab tais hlwb nteg, thiab tsim daim tshiab txheej rau lawv thiab tshiab thav ntawv. Kev tso ntawm huab tais hlwb yuav tsis thwj predicted, uas yog ib qho meej disadvantage ntawm no txoj kev. Rau qhov zoo ntawm poj niam huab tais, dhau lawm, tsis txawj hais lus.
- Lwm txoj kev yog fistula beemaps. Lub ntsiab ntxiv yog kab tua tawm thaum lub sijhawm. Qhov no yog tam sim no heev nrov ntawm beekeepers. Cov kab yuav tsum raug yuam kom xa rov qab fistula huab tais hlwb. Xaiv ib tsev neeg muaj zog, nrhiav lub tsev menyuam hauv nws thiab hloov nws thiab ob lub thav ntawv nrog brood rau ib tug tshiab Hive. Co lub bees mus rau nws nrog ob peb thav ntawv. Koj yuav tau txais ib qho npaj txhij-tsim layering mus rau muab tso rau hauv ib tug tas mus li lub Hive. Bees tsis muaj ib tug huab tais los ntawm ib tug laus Hive yuav tsum xa rov qab fistulous poj huab tais hlwb, txawm li cas los koj yuav tsum tseem kom paub tseeb tias lawv tsuas yog nyob rau paub tab larvae (los yog txiav lawv). Qhov zoo ntawm cov queens tau txais yog zoo dua nyob rau hauv txoj kev dhau los.
Koj puas paub? Yuav kom tau ib rab diav ntawm zib ntab, koj xav tau 200 muv ua hauj lwm tag nrho ib hnub.
Khoom dag inference
Khoom neeg tsim yug me nyuam ntawm tsib huab tais ua ke hauv ob txoj hauv kev yooj yim.
- Los ntawm lub tsev neeg muaj zog tshaj plaws, siv ib tug thav duab nrog cov tub ntxhais hluas brood thiab qe. Txiav rau sab saum toj qhov 3 los ntawm 4 centimeters. Tshem tag nrho cov phab ntsa nram qab ntawm daim nplais thiab tawm 2 larvae. Muab lub thav duab hauv lub zes ntawm ib lub tsev tsis muaj arrayless, tom qab ob peb hnub koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas qhov tab ntawm huab tais hlwb. Pib txiav fistulous huab tais hlwb thaum lub bees tau pw rau txoj cai npaum li cas. Yog hais tias koj tsis pom poj huab tais hlwb, ces muaj ib tug womb nyob rau hauv lub Hive, uas yog tsis yog txhua txoj cai. Koj yuav tau txais cov ntaub ntawv zoo nrog rau hom no, tab sis siv daim ntawv pov thawj tshem tawm.
- Qhov thib ob yog siv yog tias lawv xav tau 5-10 kab kab tib lub sijhawm. Nyob rau hauv ib tsev neeg muaj zog, tso tus huab tais nyob rau hauv ob-xwm insulator. Muab ntawm no ib kablus nrog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas lo rau lub cev thiab cov thav duab nrog cov hlwb tso. Kaw tus tsim nrog cov ntas los ntawm sab saum toj, cov poj niam yuav tsis muaj peev xwm khiav tau. Muab lub cais tawm rov qab rau tsev neeg ntawm cov brood thiab lub moj khaum. Pib pib ib lub keeb, uas muaj peb lub thav ntawv (nrog sushi, zib mu thiab brood los ntawm ib tug insulator), nyob rau hauv ob peb hnub. Tom ntej no, ntxiv muaj cov neeg los ntawm ntau cov thav ntawv, tso lub tsev menyuam los ntawm cov insulator. Siv lub thav duab nrog tshiab brood rau hauv lub tsev, txiav qhov qis ciam ntawm pib ntawm tsos ntawm larvae. Tom qab ntawd, koj muaj lub sijhawm los muab tus qauv rov qab rau tsev neeg, ntawm qhov chaw uas lawv coj tus poj huab tais. Tom qab ob peb hnub nws tshua mus xyuas cov tab thiab tshem tag nrho cov huab tais fistulous. Ob peb hnub ua ntej lub royals tshwm, txiav cov huab tais hlwb, ces muab lawv rov qab mus rau siav. Qhov chaw ntawm lub nuclei ntawm leej niam leej txiv tom qab tso tawm.
Nyeem qhov kev piav qhia ntawm qhov yug ntawm bees thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv.
Cov txheej txheem seem
Qhov feem ntau siv thiab simplest txoj kev tshem ntawm tus huab tais Bee peb tau piav. Lawv yog cov nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm cov feem ntawm beekeepers. Tag nrho cov kev so ntawm ib txoj kev los sis lwm qhov raws li cov kev no. Tshiab txoj kev tseem tsis tau tau ua haujlwm tawm suab, yog li ntawd, lawv tsis pom zoo rau cov neeg xub thawj saib xyuas siv. 
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau kev tshem ntawm poj huab tais
Rau txoj kev tshem tawm cov poj vaj tom tsev koj xav tau ua raws li qee qhov kev cai thiab tsim kev tsim nyog rau cov kab.
- Yog hais tias koj xav tau ib tug huab tais zoo rau yug me nyuam, yuav nws tsuas yog los ntawm nto mog beekeepers los yog zoo-tsim yug me nyuam apiaries.
- Ua ntej reproduction, lub uterus yuav tsum tau tso cai rau so rau ib lub lim tiam, tshem nws los ntawm tus active bees. Tom qab so, lub tsev menyuam yuav tsim qe loj.
- Nyob rau hauv huab tais hlwb muab tso rau ntawm grafting thav ntawv, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los tuav ib tug kub ntawm 32 ° C thiab ib tug humidity ntawm yam tsawg 75-90%. Siv lub Aerothermostat rau cov khoom tsim tawm.
- Khwv faib cov huab tais hlwb ntawm cov muv sib txawv hauv zos thiaj li loj hlob thiab ua tiav lawv nrog cov noob nom noob tswv jelly. Tus txheej txheem ntawm kev loj hlob yog pom zoo kom nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm cov khaus, uas tom qab ntawd ces yuav tsum layering.
Uterine yug me nyuam
Thaum xaiv ib txoj hauv kev thiab tsim kom muaj qhov tsim nyog rau cov neeg, txawm tias novice beekeeper yuav tshem tau lub cev ntawm nws tus kheej thiab ntawm tus nqi tsawg. Tsis tas li ntawd, ua tsaug rau kev tso zis rau lub cev, koj tuaj yeem ua raws nraim li cas thiab thaum twg koj yuav tsum ua li ntawd kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam qhov kev kawm ntawm kev tshem tawm.
