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Qoob loo ntau lawm

Yam khoom noj thiab tshuaj lom nceb loj hlob ntawm cov ntoo

Mushroom pickers tsis tshua pom cov nceb uas loj hlob ntawm cov ntoo thiab stumps. Tiam sis, raws li txoj cai, lawv tsis ua tib zoo saib xyuas lawv, vim lawv xav tias lawv tsis muaj peev xwm, los yog tsis xav koom tes nrog cov xwm txheej tsis paub. Tiag muaj ntau yam yooj yim sawv daws yuav, thiab cua thiab nourishing - thiab txawm tsawg. Txawm li ntawd los, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub ntau ntxiv txog lawv. Dab tsi peb tshaj tawm ua los ntawm kev nyeem daim ntawv no. Nyob rau hauv nws koj yuav pom duab thiab npe ntawm nceb rau ntawm tsob ntoo, thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lo lus teb rau lo lus nug: yog lawv edible los yog tsis.

Puas yog nws noj tau?

Raws li peb tau sau los saum toj no, ntawm cov nceb loj tuaj ntawm cov ntoo thiab cov nqaij, cov uas noj tau yuav raug pom. Txawm hais tias nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias lawv muaj tsawg dua li cov uas loj hlob hauv cov av. Cov nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm cov fungi pom nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv yog cov tsiaj nyeg agarics. Qhov no yog lub npe nrov rau cov pab pawg neeg ntawm cov khoom noj tau yooj yim, uas muaj rau ntau hom morphological pawg. Mushroom hu ua - garland, vim hais tias feem ntau nws loj hlob nyob los yog twb tau ntoo, ntawm stumps.

Koj puas paub? Mint yog khoom tseem ceeb rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Yog li, nws muaj kab kawm txuam rau hauv cov ntshav. Yog siv 100 grams ntawm cov nceb noj ib hnub, ib tug neeg yuav txaus siab rau nws txhua hnub xav tau kev pab tseem ceeb xws li tooj thiab zinc..
Cov qeb ntawm nceb muaj xws li ntau ntau ntau nceb. Kuj raws li lawv yuav tsum masked inedible specimens, uas yog hu ua cuav zib mu nceb. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom paub cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm kev phom sij thiab kev phom sij. Hauv qab no peb muab ib daim duab thiab kev piav qhia ntawm lub nceb loj hlob ntawm cov ntoo thiab feem ntau pom.

Yuav ua li cas tsis ua yuam kev hauv kev xaiv?

Ntawm cov nceb ntawm ntoo, tsis tsuas yog lub nceb raug ntes tau, nws tseem yog tinder, oyster nceb, dos, thiab daim siab. Lawv yog cov tsim tau, lom thiab curative. Cia peb paub txog lawv los ze zog.

Noj tau

Tsis yog tag nrho cov nceb hauv qab no yog cov cua thiab noj qab haus huv, txawm li ntawd los, lawv tsis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj mob. Ib txhia ntawm lawv yog cov paub zoo thiab nrov ntawm cov neeg paub txog mushroom pickers. Ntawm no yog ib daim ntawv teev cov nceb nceb loj hlob ntawm cov ntoo, nrog rau cov duab thiab cov lus piav qhia:

  1. Horned Oyster (Pleurotus cornucopiae). Nws muaj ib lub kaus mom nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm ib tug horn los yog funnel. Nws yog lub teeb, me ntsis grey hauv xim. Nws muaj ib lub cheeb ntawm 3-12 cm Lub ceg ntawm oyster mushroom yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, them nrog nazbegayuschimi paib, 2-6 cm ntev Lub cev ntawm oyster Mushroom yog dawb, fleshy, ywj. Cov nceb muaj me ntsis qhia tau hais tias, yuav luag tsis tshua meej thiab tsis zoo. Nyob rau ntawm cov khoom cog qoob loo ntawm Tsib Hlis mus rau lub Cuaj Hli.
  2. Grifola curly (Grifola frondosa). Nws muaj lwm lub npe: Mushroom-ram, seev cev nceb. Daim ntawv no yooj yim pom tau los ntawm ib qho pseudochromatic splicing thiab lub teeb qia. Nws nqaij yog dawb, fibrous. Nws muaj qab ntxiag thiab qab zib. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm Lub Rau Hli mus rau Lub Kaum Hli Feem ntau ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm oaks thiab maples. Tej zaum yuav muaj ib tug loj ntawm mus txog 10 kg.
    Yog tias tsis muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv, koj tuaj yeem noj tau cov nceb noj: aspen, txiv mis roj qaub nceb, xiav ntoo, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, daj, mushroom mushroom, chanterelles, aspen, dawb nceb, champignons, boletus fungus, dawb fungus thiab honey agaric.
  3. Lub caij ntuj no hull (Flammulina velutipes).Nws muaj ib lub taub hau daj thiab ceg. Qhov chaw ntawm lub cev fruiting yog ib tsos tsaus tsawv. Lub ko taw npog nrog fibers. Nws kab yog ntawm 2 mus rau 10 cm Cov ceg yog xim av, hais txog 7 cm ntev, Cov nqaij yog dawb, cua thiab qab. Nws yog feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau ntawm hardwoods deciduous, qhuav willows thiab poplars. Los ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg mus rau caij nplooj ntoos hlav nws hlob nyob rau hauv ib pawg, nws muaj peev xwm txawm tshwm sim nyob rau hauv snow.
  4. Lub caij ntuj sov sandstone (Kuehneromyces mutabilis).Cov pej xeem ntawm deciduous forests. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm lub Plaub Hlis Ntuj mus rau Kaum Ib Hlis Nws muaj lub hau me me - nws qhov nruab nrab inch yog li 6cm. Zoo li txhua tus ntawm lawv, nws yog convex rau cov tub ntxhais hluas, thiab thaum laus laus nws yog flattened thiab flattened. Nyob rau hauv xim - xim av los sis daj. Lub ceg ntawm no stew yog tus, 7 cm siab. Cov nqaij yog daj, refined, nrog ib tug me me tsw.
  5. Caij nplooj zeeg honeycomb (Armillaria mellea).Lub kaus mom nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 17 cm Cov xim hauv ntau ntxoov ntsuab thiab xim av. Ob txhais ceg ntawm Autumn kev ntawm 10 cm ntev, lub teeb xim av, them nrog scales. Cov nqaij yog tuab, dawb. Mushroom yog delicious, muaj ib tug qab ntxiag aroma. Feem ntau feem ntau lawv tuaj yeem pom ntawm lub stumps ntawm xws li ntoo: aspen, alder, birch, elm.

    Nws tseem ceeb heev! Muaj ntau ntawm cov suab paj nruag agarics muaj txaus ntshai ntxaib. Lub ntsiab sib txawv, los ntawm uas nws yog ib qhov ua tau kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov nceb thiab cuav ntsej muag, yog lub xub ntiag ntawm lub suab paj nruag siav ntawm lub qia hauv qab lub hau.
  6. Siab quag (Fistulina hepatica). Cov hnoos qeev no muaj npe vim nws zoo li daim nplooj siab hauv ib seem. Muaj ib qho xim av, xim liab me ntsis los yog xim av 10-30 cm hauv qhov chaw. Nws hlob zoo rau sab luv luv ceg. Lub cev nqaij daim tawv yog reddish, fleshy. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev yog qaub nyob rau hauv saj thiab fruity nyob rau hauv tsis hnov ​​tsw. Prefers kom loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov ntoo. Feem ntau tswm ntawm cov ntoo, ntseej. Tsis tshua muaj peev xwm nws pom ntawm cov nroj tsuag nplooj. Mushroom muaj peev xwm pom los ntawm lub caij ntuj sov mus rau lub caij nplooj zeeg.
  7. Cov Tsov Tig Cov Tsov Ntoo Tseg (Lentinus Tigrinus). Lub kaus mom ntawm qhov hnoos qis no loj hlob mus rau 4-8 cm Nws tau pleev xim rau hauv lub teeb ntxoov ntxoo - nws tuaj yeem ua dawb, daj, nutty. Them nrog nplai xim av dub los yog dub. Leg ceg, 3-8 cm nyob rau hauv ntev. Lub cev nqaij tawv yog tawv, tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb tsis hnov ​​tsw thiab saj. Nws yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm ib tug high school cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov protein. Sau lub sij hawm - los ntawm nruab nrab-lub caij ntuj sov rau lub caij nplooj zeeg. Nws hlob on hardwood.
  8. Cellular polyporus (Polyporus alveolaris).Nws lub kaus mom yog oval lossis ib nrab hnub. Nws muaj xim daj uas muaj xim liab tinge. Them nrog me me. Mus txog lub cheeb ntawm 2-8 cm Ncauj - dawb, luv luv (txog 10 mm), nyob rau sab. Ib co nrws feem ntau yog tsis muaj ceg. Cov nqaij yog tawv, dawb. Nws tsis hnov ​​tsw thiab saj yog inexpressive. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau ntawm cov qoob loo ntawm lub Plaub Hlis mus rau Lub Yim Hli.
  9. Polyporum tus kabmob (Polyporus squamosus) yog ib qho ntawm nrov nceb loj hlob on ntoo - koj yuav pom nws nyob rau hauv cov duab thiab nyob rau hauv qhov kev piav qhia. Qhov hnoos qis no loj hlob nrog lub tawv daj uas muaj xim daj tuaj nrog rau xim av. Qhov luaj li cas yog hais txog 30 cm. Cov ceg tseem npog nrog nplai, xim av. Nws nce mus txog 10 xuab moos.Hauv lub plawv dhia yog qhov ntom nti thiab kua, nrog tus nplua nuj, qab ntxiag nceb paj. Tinder yog edible tsuas yog nyob rau hauv nws cov hluas, nws yog tus neeg laus, nws yuav twb muaj ib tug nyuaj nqaij. Lub sij hawm ntawm nws fruiting ntog rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij ntuj sov. Feem ntau hlob nyob rau hauv cov tiaj ua si thiab txiav txim siab hav zoov. Nyiam los khom ntawm elms.
  10. Tinder yog leej faj-daj (Laetiporus sulphureus). Cov neeg nicknamed nqaij qaib. Nws hlob nrog ib tug daj hau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug poob ntawm 10-40 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb. Nws txhais ceg tsis zoo hais, ib yam li lub cap, muaj ib cov xim daj. Lub cev nqaij daim tawv yeej ruaj khov thiab muaj kua. Nws hlob nyob rau ntau yam deciduous thiab coniferous cov qoob loo, nws muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam rau cov ntoo txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav lig mus rau thaum ntxov lub caij nplooj zeeg.

Nws tseem ceeb heev! Txij li thaum nceb noj zaub mov rau cov neeg plab hnyuv, lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob noj thaum hmo ntuj. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tsis tas yuav pub zaub mov rau me nyuam hauv tsib xyoos. Ua ntej siv, txhua lub nceb yuav tsum tau muab rhaub kom ntev li 20 feeb.

Po

Ntawm cov kab mob paragitic fungi rau cov ntoo, ntau dua, ntawm chav kawm, inedible, thiab txawm tias cov uas ua rau muaj mob loj rau tib neeg lub cev. Ntawm no yog ib daim ntawv teev cov feem ntau pom kev nceb loj hlob ntawm cov ntoo, nrog rau cov duab thiab cov lus piav qhia:

  1. Ganoderma sab qab teb (Ganoderma australe). Lub hau ntawm qhov hnoos qeev no yog tiaj thiab loj heev - txog 40 cm inch thiab mus txog 13 cm hauv thickness. Nws muaj brownish, grey, xim av ntxoov. Ntshiab yuav luag muaj. Cov nqaij ntawm lub cev txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog mos, xim av los yog reddish. Nyiam los mus khom nyob rau hauv cov ntoo, oaks thiab lindens.
    Mushrooms xws li daj ntseg toadstool, piglet, thiab speculum tsis pom zoo rau kev noj mov, raws li lawv yog poisonous.
  2. Ischnoderma resinous (Ischnoderma resinosum). Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev ntawm no fungus yog txog li 20 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb. Nws muaj ib lub bronze, xim av, xim liab. Thaum lub ischederma nquag zuj zus, tee ntawm cov kua liab tso tawm ntawm lub hau. Lub pulp ntawm fungus yog muaj kua, dawb. Ishnoderma tshwm sim los ntawm lub yim hli ntuj mus rau Lub kaum hli ntuj hauv qhov kev txiav txim siab hav zoov (feem ntau ntawm beech, birch, linden). Ua rau dawb tawg hauv fir.
  3. Pipes hlau ntoo (Pipetoporus quercinus). Nws yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm ib tug loj txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev oval los yog kiv cua-puab 10-15 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb nrog ib tug velvety saum npoo. Coloring tuaj yeem ua dawb, xim av, daj. Nws hlob zoo nyob rau ntawm cov nroj tsuag, feem ntau ntawm oaks.
  4. Postia knitting (Postia prints).Qhov no lom zem heev, nws tuaj yeem lees paub los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo dawb ntawm ntau yam duab. Cov menyuam yaus nceb yuav duav nrog kua. Lawv muaj ib cov nqaij thiab cov nqaij noj nqaij nrog lub ntsim me me. Feem ntau loj hlob ntawm cov txiv neej.
  5. Trametes fluffy (Trametes pubescens). Kaus mom loj hlob 10 cm nyob rau hauv circumference. Qhov saum npoo ntawm lawv cov grey nrog ntau ntxoov. Cov nqaij yog dawb thiab tawv. Feem ntau pom muaj ntawm stumps thiab deadwood. Nws nyiam mus khom ntawm cov tawv nqaij thiab cov conifers.

Nws tseem ceeb heev! Yuav tsum tau ceev faj - poisonous nceb yuav ua tau kom zoo nkauj nyob rau hauv tsos thiab heev fragrant, thiab zoo li edible.

Medicinal

Ib txhia nceb, loj hlob ua ke nrog tsob ntoo, tsim cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas kho zoo. Ntawm cov no, cov neeg kho cov tshuaj kho cov tshuaj. Cov no suav nrog, piv txwv, nceb loj hlob ntawm cov ntoo, nrog cov duab thiab npe uas koj tuaj yeem pom hauv qab no.

  1. Larch daim txhuam cev (Fomitopsis officinalis). Nws lwm lub npe yog agaricus. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev ntawm lub fungus zoo li lub hoof, thiab tseem yuav oblong-cylindrical. Mus txog qhov nce mus txog 10 kg. Cov xim yog dawb, grayish-dawb, daj ntseg daj. Loj hlob ntawm hvoynikov, feem ntau nyob rau larch. Nyiaj raws li fungus weaken, nres cov ntshav, ua raws li ib tug sedative, muaj ib tug me ntsis hypnotic siv. Tsis tas li ntawd siv los txo cov tawm hws.
  2. Sterile lacquered (Ganoderma lucidum). Zoo dua li Reishi los yog Lingzhi. Nws muaj ovoid los yog lub raum-puab hau nrog ib tug ci daim tawv nqaij ntawm ntau xim: xim liab, xim av, liab doog, dub. Lub cev nqaij daim tawv yog ochre, tasteless thiab odorless. Nws tsuas yog hlob on tuag deciduous ntoo, feem ntau on stumps. Pob nyiaj raws li lub fungus muaj antitumor, immunomoduliruyuschee siv. Kev siv los txhim kho cov ntshav kev, metabolism, thiab ntshav siab.
  3. Polypore qoob loo (Inonotus obliquus), kuj hu ua chaga lossis birch mushroom. Lub cev txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub taub los ntawm 5 mus rau 40 cm Muaj qhov zoo ntawm ib qho kev loj hlob ntawm tsis zoo nkauj. Nws tshwm sim hauv dub. Them nrog ntau lub me me tawg. Feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv cov ntoo ceg ntoo, tab sis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau alder, maple, roob tshauv, elm. Txhais tau raws li oblique tinder yog siv los tiv thaiv lub qog thiab tiv thaiv kev mob plab. Muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antimicrobial, antispasmodic, diuretic kev txiav txim.

Koj puas paub? Mushrooms muaj ntau cov hlau, phosphorus thiab calcium dua txhua hom nqaij, thiab 5-10 npaug ntau tshaj vitamin B3 dua li cov zaub ntsuab thiab zaub.

Siv stumps loj hlob nceb

Qog yuav siv tau rau loj hlob oyster nceb. Qhov no yooj yim ua, piv txwv li, nyob rau ntawm dacha. Ua li no, koj xav tau ib thaj chaw los yog ib chav thiab ob peb stumps ntawm hardwood (birch, aspen, kua, pear, acacia, poplar). Cov qoob loo ntawm cov qoob loo tsis haum rau cov laj thawj no.

Cov pob zeb yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj qub, zoo tagnrho yog tias lawv pom cov tshiab. Qhuav yuav tsum tau soak rau ob peb hnub nyob rau hauv dej. Lawv qhov ntau thiab tsawg tsis ua qhov sib txawv. Yooj yim ntu nrog ib lub cheeb ntawm 15 mus rau 40 cm thiab ib qhov siab ntawm 40 mus rau 50 cm.

Cultivation ntawm oyster nceb yuav nqa tawm ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv qhib cheeb tsam thiab sab hauv tsev. Yog hais tias koj npaj yuav muab stumps rau hauv txoj kev, ces qhov chaw yuav tsum nyob rau hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo thiab zoo ventilated. Thaum kub hauv qab + 20 ° C agrofiber vaj tse yuav tsum tau. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub sij hawm rau kev tsaws yog Lub Plaub Hlis Ntuj-Tsib Hlis thiab Lub 8 Hli-Cuaj Hli Mycelium germinates tsis pub dhau peb lub hlis.

Muaj yog ob peb txoj kev los ntawm kev teev cov cav. Nyob rau hauv txhua ntawm lawv, koj yuav tsum tau khawb ib ditch tsawg kawg 30 cm sib luag thiab dav, sib nug mus rau lub cheeb ntawm ntoo blankev. Yog hais tias muaj kev txhawb zog hauv lub cav, koj tuaj yeem tsis tau khawb lub ntiaj teb, thiab muab cov pob zeb tso rau ntawm nws qhov chaw.

Nws kuj muaj ob peb txoj kev ntawm kev tso nrog quav rau hauv lub nrig - piv txwv li, los ntawm qhov drilling qhov, los ntawm kev txiav tawm ntawm sab qaum, los ntawm kev tsim ib lub hauv cov pob zeb nrog ob peb txheej ntawm mycelium, thiab lwm yam.

Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, stumps yuav tsum tau mus rau hauv chav los yog them nrog straw, agrofibre.

Nws tseem ceeb heev! Ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob oyster nceb nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam qhib yog ib txwm wetting ntawm cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm lub stumps. Lub tshuab fwj dej zoo yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau lub hom phiaj no.
Thaum loj hlob oyster nceb nyob rau hauv lub chav koj xav tau nws tsau tshuaj. Piv txwv, koj tuaj yeem siv 4 feem pua ​​ntawm cov kua qaub. Tom qab tso tshuaj tua kab mob lawm, chav yuav tsum kaw kom 48 teev thiab tom qab ntawd zoo rau lub qhov tso cua thaum tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw nyob hauv. Chav tsev yuav tsum muaj qhov cua nkag, teeb pom kev zoo, tswj qhov kub siab (+ 15 ° C).

Nws yog feem ntau yooj yim rau muab log tom qab sowing nrog mycelium nyob rau hauv qab daus los yog los yog horizontally, on top ntawm txhua lwm yam. Los ntawm saum toj no lawv them nrog sacking los yog perforated zaj duab xis.

Nrog rau qhov nruab ntsug ntawm cav lawv ua txhua kab thiab tsaug zog nrog straw, sawdust. Los ntawm ob sab ntawm kem yuav them nrog ib zaj duab xis los yog pob txig.

Cov cua hauv tsev yuav tsum yog tas li ntub. Cov cua tshuab nquag yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua.

Nyob rau hauv Tej zaum, lub stumps yuav transplanted mus rau hauv av nyob rau hauv qhib.

Tus ntawm fungi rau ntawm bark ntawm cov ntoo

Cov nceb yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov ntoo. Nws txhawj txog ob txoj kab thiab nws cov hauv paus hniav. Feem ntau, lub cev txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog tsim los ntawm cov laus, muaj mob, puas, kab tsuag muaj kab mob. Lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ob lub hav zoov hav zoov thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo cov qoob loo Feem ntau provoke txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ntau yam rot, lwm yam kab mob. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, tsob ntoo tau tag nrho tuag.

Tab sis qee lub ntoo fungi, xws li tinder, hu ua hav zoov cov neeg tu mob vim lawv pab txhawb rau lub zwj ceeb ntawm cov laus thiab cov tsaj ntoo, ua kom zoo dua cov av nrog cov as-ham.

Mushroom pickers, ua kev yos hav zoov "nyob ntsiag to," feem ntau pom zoo ntawm lawv ko taw, tab tom nrhiav kev xav tau ntawm cov nyom. Txawm li cas los xij, ib txhia ntawm nceb nyiam tuaj yeem loj hlob ntawm tsob ntoo thiab cov hauv paus hniav. Thiab ntawm tej nceb no koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau cov cua thiab cov khoom xyaw uas haum rau cov zaub mov ntau yam. Yog hais tias koj tsis muaj ib tug hav zoov tag nrho ntawm nceb, koj muaj peev xwm loj hlob lawv koj tus kheej, siv tshiab khiv txiav ntoo stumps.

Nthuav Cov Khoom