Txawm tias tus kws tshaj lij tshaj plaws ntawm cov lus hais ntawm lo lus "core" tsis tuaj yeem hais meej thiab meej piav seb nws yog dab tsi. Lo lus nws tus kheej yog Latin keeb kwm thiab txhais ua "ntxhais". Qhov no yog nws lub ntsiab essence. Nucleus txhais tau tias yog nws tus kheej lub me me, nws tus kheej, nrog rau nws lub tsev menyuam thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm.
Lub Hom Phiaj thiab Nqe Lus Qhia
Raws li cov kev xyuas ntawm kev paub beekeepers, tus txheej txheem ntawm insemination ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas huab tais bees nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm ib tug muaj zog Bee pawg yog heev disadvantageous thiab nyuaj.
Rau qhov no, nws yuav tsum tau muab txoj cai hnyav nrig nrog lub dav hlau ntau, uas, raws li paub zoo, tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws rau tsev neeg thiab, tshwj tsis yog los ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm, tsis txhob ua lwm yam. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau qhov no, lub cores raug invented, nyob rau hauv uas tshiab poj huab tais loj hlob thiab muaj spare sawv daws yuav.
Zib ntab yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom noj (May, qab zib, txiv qaub, buckwheat, niam, dawb, acacia thiab lwm tus), tab sis dua li nws, siv quav ciab, zabrus, homogenate, propolis, pollen, noob nom noob tswv jelly.
Ob peb xyoos dhau los, cov me nyuam me me no tau tsim los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm li niaj zaus, tsuas yog rau lub hom phiaj xwb, qee qhov 3-4 ntu raug muab tso rau sab ntawm lub tsev. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom muaj ntau qhov chaw thiab cia, xws li cov lus qhia hauv cov lus qhia. Lub plab menyuam mos (tsis tshua muaj queen cell) raug muab tso rau hauv txhua lub koom haum no thiab tsim ib tsev neeg me me.
Txoj kev no tau ua rau ntau txaav thiab muaj mob, raws li qhov yuav tsum tau tswj xyuas qhov tsis tuaj ntawm lye lossis passageways. Tsis tas li, muaj ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshav kub thiab zib ntab, cov cheebtsam tsis zoo hlo nrog oxygen, nyuab nyiaj mus rau lub caij ntuj no, uas coj mus ceev nrawm ntawm kev ua haujlwm muv.
Nucleus yog ib qho av me menyob rau hauv uas 1-2 thav ntawv nrog brood raug ntsia thiab tib lub xov tooj ntawm thav ntawv nrog pub. Nws yog npaj feem los xyuas kom meej ntawm kev nyab xeeb ntawm beewomen thiab lawv brood, uas muaj peev xwm tuag nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no.
Koj puas paub? Beekeeping yog ib qho nyiam ua rau yus nyiam heev. Nws yog cov neeg zoo li Leo Tolstoy, Charles Darwin, T. Edison, Aristotle, G. Mendel, thiab lwm tus.
Tsim nta
Yuav kom nkag siab zoo li cas ib tug nucleus yog thiab ua li cas nws yog tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv beekeeping, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum paub lub peculiarities ntawm nws cov qauv. Yeej no hom ntawm Hive nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej ib los yog ob lub tsho thiab 600-1000 ua hauj lwm muv. Xws li lub tsev yuav muaj Dadanovsky lub moj khaum, lub hauv paus ntawm Luv.
Yog hais tias koj xav kom muab tso rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 6 pieces, muab nrog, thiab yog tias 12 - thoob plaws. Nrog ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm thav ntawv, tag nrho Hive muaj peev xwm muab faib ua ob qhov chaw nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav muaj peev xwm loj hlob ob tsev neeg ntawm bees tib lub sij hawm. Xyuas kom cov phab ntsa hauv cov keeb tawm yog ob npaug, thiab ib qho yog tsim rau lub ru tsev thiab hauv qab.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Yuav kom ua rau cov tub ntxhais tiv taus lub caij ntuj no txias, sau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov phab ntsa nrog ua npuas ncauj, yog li koj sov no mini-tsev.
Cov phab ntsa ntawm xws li ib tug Hive yuav ua tau ntawm ib-ib tog phom, lub sab ntawm uas yog sab nraud. Nco ntsoov ua plaub hau rau muv, ob qho rau sov thiab txias drifts. Yog tias tsev neeg tsis muaj zog zuj zus, koj tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm ob lub kaus mom.
Tsim tawm ntawm Bee zos
Tus yuam sij rau kev sib tw nucleation yog siv cov tsev neeg muaj zog thiab muaj kev noj qab nyob zoo. Ua tau hauj lwm ua ntej los yog thaum lub sij hawm tua ntawm bees, koj tuaj yeem ua li no ua ntej qhov kawg ntawm lub ntsiab lus xiab. Thawj ib nrab ntawm cov hnub yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, raws li feem ntau cov neeg ya mus rau nectar, thiab tsuas yog non-flying bees yog nyob rau hauv lub Hive. 
Thaum xaiv cov muv rau nucleus, nco ntsoov xav txog cov yam ntxwv nyuab ntawm koj cheeb tsam. Yog hais tias koj yog nyob rau hauv sab qab teb, xaiv tsuas yog ib tug brood ncej thiab ob thav ntawv nrog pub, uas yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 2 kg. Yog tias koj nyob rau sab qaum teb los sis hauv nruab nrab, xav kom yoojyim 2 thav ntawv nrog cov brood thiab 2 - nrog zaub mov.
Nco ntsoov xyuas kom meej tias tag nrho brood yog sib khi thiab ncav cuag ib lub xeev paub tab. Khoom noj khoom haus rau bees yuav ua tau zib mu los yog perga. Nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb ib feem txog 300 bees yuav muab tso rau, nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb - 600 thiab ntau tshaj.
Tom qab lub bees tau raug xaiv, es tsis txhob xaiv lub thav ntawv, tso ib tug thav duab nrog waxed paj nyob rau hauv lub Hive. Nco ntsoov sov tus cwj pwm, thiab txo qhov pib qhov loj ces tsuas yog ib tug muv thiaj ya. Tom qab qee lub sijhawm, tag nrho cov davhlau cov tib neeg yuav tawm hauv lub me me, thiab tsuas yog cov hluas nyob ntawd xwb.
Thaum xub thawj, muab cov me nyuam muv nrog dej., vim lawv tus kheej tseem tsis tuaj yeem txais nws. Tom qab tshem tag nrho cov brood, thiab nws yuav siv sij hawm txog 5 hnub, koj muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov qub thav duab, thiab nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw muab ib tug tshiab nrog ib tug larvae. Qhov no qhib cov muam qhia ntawv.
Tom qab 5 hnub peb rov hais dua. Thiab yog li ntawd kom txog rau thaum cov menyuam yaus pib tso qe ntawm nws tus kheej. Rau kev nkag siab kom tiav thiab muaj tseeb ntawm txoj kev tsim kom tau tsev neeg nyob hauv cov keeb kwm, saib cov yees duab nrog cov lus qhia ntxaws.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nco ntsoov cais cov tshiab nucleus ntawm tus so. Qhov no yuav ua tau los ntawm dyeing lawv hauv cov xim sib txawv.
Cov txiaj ntsim ntawm kev siv
Tsim nuclei hauv koj lub apiary yuav daws tau qee cov haujlwm tseem ceeb heev. Thawj yog yuav nce lub tsim tau ntawm apiary nyob rau hauv dav dav. Muv cov cheeb tsam nyob hauv tej lub tsev me me yuav tsim sai dua vim muaj kev mob zoo thiab kev saib xyuas tas li.
Thib ob koj tuaj yeem txuas koj tsev neeg txhua lub sijhawm los hloov lub tsev menyuam. Nws yuav tsis tsim nyog los tsim tej yam tshwj xeeb rau kev yug me nyuam fistula, pim poj niam, los yog poj huab tais ntawm kev hloov ntsiag to. Yog hais tias kev ua niam txiv nqaij me nyuam los yog nws txoj kev puas tsuaj, koj yuav muaj lub sijhawm los hloov nws nrog ib tug hluas thiab noj qab nyob zoo.
Thib peb qhov nyiaj ntawm zib mu ncetau txais nyob rau hauv lub apiary. Qhov no yog vim qhov nce nyob rau hauv tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm bees zus nyob rau hauv lub nuclei. Txhim kho insulated tsev rau lub caij ntuj no, koj tau txais high-zoo uterus thiab noj qab haus huv cov tsev neeg nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
Kawm yuav ua li cas los tsim ib tug beehive, feem ntau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm uas yog multibody los yog Dadan lub Hive.
Nucleus ua koj tus kheej
Lub nucleus yog yooj yim heev los tsim ua, nws kuj yuav tau muas nyob rau hauv ib lub khw tshwj xeeb. Nws tsuas yog yuav tsum tau kos kom kos ib daim duab ntawm tus noog tom ntej lub zes, uas yuav coj mus rau hauv tus account tag nrho cov ntsiab thiab subtleties, nrog rau cov ceg, qhov cua qhov, kav qhov.
Cov duab, cov khoom, cov cuab yeej
Thawj kauj ruam hauv kev ua ib tug nucleus rau muv nyob hauv tsev nrog koj txhais tes yog kos ib qho kev kos duab ntawm ib lub hauv paus uas yav tom ntej. Nws yuav tsum muaj qhov loj me me, kos rau ntawm qhov chaw nyob qhov twg lub thav ntawv, chais thiab cov qhov cub yuav muab ntsia. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kos duab yog qhia hauv qab no hauv daim duab. 
Koj puas paub? Muv muas pib tau nyob hauv Pob Zeb Hnub Nyoog. Nyob rau hauv lub qhov tsua ntawm Cuevas tsib la Aranha, ib daim duab qub tau pom, txog 8 txhiab xyoo. Nws qhia txog ib tug txiv neej uas nce ib tsob ntoo rau ib tug beehive kom tau zib ntab.
Qhov yooj yim thiab feem ntau cov khoom siv yog npaus, ntawm high quality. Koj tseem tuaj yeem siv tau ua npuas ncauj polystyrene. Sheet tuab yuav tsum yog yam tsawg 20 hli, zoo tagnrho - 30 hli. Yog tias koj tsis paub dab tsi cov cuab yeej siv, ntawm no kwv yees li ntawm lawv:
- kua nplaum;
- clerical riam;
- tus kheej ntiv nplhaib;
- tus ntsia hlau teeb;
- riam;
- nplooj ntawv ntawm npaus.
Xws li beehives tsis raug rau cua thiab txias kub, thaum lub sij hawm cia lub hnub los ntawm. Tab sis muaj ib tug tseem ceeb drawback - lawv tsis muaj zog txaus, lawv yog tawv los ntxuav los ntawm propolis. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom tiag thiab muaj feem xyuam.
Cov lus qhia ua
Yuav kom yooj yim lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm ib tug Bee lub tsev nrog lawv tus kheej txhais tes, tau tseem ceeb Cov theem ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog:
- Thaum pib theem ntawm kev tsim cov tub ntxhais kawm, kos cov nplooj ntawv ua npuas ncauj lossis lwm yam khoom siv uas koj siv. Ua tib zoo xyuas cov duab kos thiab nyeem cov lus qhia. Rau yooj yim, txiav nws tag nrho nrog ib tug ntawv sau riam. Tom qab ntawd glue lub nplooj ntawv tau txais nrog kua nplaum rau ntawm lub cev ntawm Hive. Cov nram qab no loj qhov loj yuav tsim thiab qhov feem ntau pom: ntev - 570 mm, dav - 450 mm thiab qhov siab - 450 mm.
- Qhov thib ob theem npog qhov siv ntawm tshwj xeeb partitions ntawm plywood. Txiav txim seb lawv cov lej raws li seb muaj pes tsawg tsev neeg thiab khoom noj hauv koj qhov chaw koj xav thim. Kho qhov nruab nrab nrog ob tus kheej ntiv nplhaib. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov kev sib npaug sib npaug sib npaug, qhov no yuav tiv thaiv tau cov muv tsis tau ntawm ib sab mus rau lwm qhov.
- Nyob rau theem peb, txiav tawm lub bays rau tus neeg ua hauj lwm bees. Nco ntsoov tias lawv yuav tsum tsis pub ntev tshaj 15 hli inch. Txhua tsev neeg xav tau ib daim ntawv teev npe txawv, vim nws yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm huab cua hauv kev zes.
- Raws li kev txiav txim siab, muab cov ceg tso rau ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub hauv paus, ib qho rau txhua sab ntawm cov ncej. Koj tseem tuaj yeem siv cov folding hlau ceg, rau lawv nqa ib lub bar nrog ib txoj kab uas siv 10 mm.
Xws li ib qho yooj yim thiab meej algorithm yuav pab koj ua tus mini-hive koj tus kheej, siv cov khoom thiab cov cuab yeej.
Rau ntau beekeepers, nucleuses ua ib tug tiag tiag txoj kev cawm seej thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo. Lawv pab tsis tau kom tsuas loj hlob rau cov tub ntxhais hluas, noj qab haus huv me ntsis thiab kom tsis txhob cia, tab sis kuj ua rau cov khoom tsim ntawm tag nrho cov apiary. Cov tsev neeg tshiab tau tsim nyob hauv lawv uas txawv ntawm cov neeg zoo tib yam nyob hauv kev nyab xeeb thiab kev loj hlob.
Qhov no yuav pab khaws cov qaub ncaug, feem ntau, thiab nce tus nqi ntawm cov zib ntab ua rau ib lub caij. Ntxiv mus, lub cores yog zoo tolerated nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no txias, cua hlob thiab rainy huab cua. Thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws lies nyob rau hauv lawv cov muaj thiab yooj yim ntawm chaw ua khoom. Cov ntaub ntawv yuav yuav tom khw kho vajtse kom yooj yim, thiab txawm tias ib tus neeg nov tau yooj yim ua xws li ib lub tsev me me nrog lawv tus kheej.
