Grazing ryegrass, tseem hu ua Askiv ryegrass thiab perennial Chaff, yog ib lub herbaceous cog teej tug mus rau flowering genus Chaff, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, koom rau tsev neeg ntawm cereals.
Lub herbaceous perennial cog nyob hauv Tebchaws Europe, North Africa thiab Western Asia. Qee lub sij hawm, yog tias tsis txawv, perennial ryegrass tuaj yeem nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm Asia Asmeskas, muaj cai mus txog rau sab hnub poob ntawm Siberia.
Kev cog lus cog
Pasture ryegrass, los yog, raws li nws yog hu ua los ntawm cov neeg, perennial ryegrass yog ib qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab tshaj plaws pasture grasses ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav hom. Feem ntau cov lus Askiv ryegrass yog tov nrog txhua xyoo leguminous cov qoob loo, thiab kom txog thaum flowering, nws yog eagerly noj los ntawm ntau yam tsiaj cov tsiaj.
Perennial ryegrass txawv los ntawm nws cov kwv tij neej tsa nyob rau hauv nws cov zaub mov muaj txiaj ntsig: 100 kilograms ntawm nyom sib npaug li 23 pub units, thaum quav nyab - mus txog 60 units.
Perennial ryegrass muaj nyob hauv lub herbage rau txawv hayfields los ntawm 4 mus rau 6 xyoo, thiab nyob rau pastures nws tau nyob txog li 12 xyoos. Txog rau xyoo plaub los ntawm sowing, nws nce mus txog nws cov apogee hauv kev loj hlob. Nws tso cai txiav nyom heev thiab txaj muag, thiab rov qab los sai sai tom qab txhua yam kev kho mob.
Kev xaiv muab cov nplua nuj, zoo-drained thiab loamy xau. Nyob rau hauv lem, nws hlob tsis zoo rau cov xau uas muaj acidity high.
Pasture ryegrass yog ib lub noob ntsuab uas yog npaj rau ntau cov tsiaj nyeg tsiaj.
Tsis tas li ntawd, perennial ryegrass ua luv luv thiab ntau yam tua nrog ci iab thiab kev sib tw, ntsuab nplooj, sib sau ua ib qho zoo heev ntawm cov ntaub pua tsev. Nws muaj lub hauv paus zoo tsim thiab yog li no cov nroj tsuag yog ib qho ntawm cov pheej loj-cog nyom rau cov nyom.
Qhov tshuaj ntsuab no yog ib qho chaw ua haujlwm. Yog li, nws tsis thev ntau noo noo, tab sis nws tsis yog ib qho nroj tsuag drought-resistant.
Lus Askiv ryegrass kuj tseem siv los txhim kho ntau hom kev ua xua.
Ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus zoo ntawm pasture ryegrass yog nws siab tshaj tawm los. Nws yog perennial ryegrass uas coj ib qho loj ntawm cov nyom uas yog siv los pub tsiaj. Qhov zoo ntawm ryegrass mus rau lub sij hawm ntev yog yooj yim heev, vim tias qhov nruab nrab, lub neej kev cia siab yog 5-6 xyoo.
Lub uniqueness ntawm tawm los ntawm ryegrass perennial ncaj qha nyob ntawm lub neej ncua ntawm ib cov nroj tsuag. Peb twb paub hais tias qhov no subspecies ntawm no hom ntawm ryegrass kuj yog ib qho zoo heev fertilizer thiab av kev kho mob, on uas, qhov tseeb, cov nroj tsuag sprouts. Qhov no yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntej rau qhov tseeb tias qhov sau tsis yog nyob ntawm cov kev mob, tiam sis ntawm hom nws tus kheej, uas txhawb rau fertilizing thiab kev txhim kho cov av hauv cheeb tsam ntawm productivity.
Yog hais tias peb tham hauv cov sib npaug, ces tom hav zoov ryegrass muab kwv yees li ntawm 400 centners ntawm ntsuab loj ib hectare. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muab txog 90-100 centners ntawm quav nyab ib hectare, uas yog tseem yog ib qhov siab ntawm cov nroj tsuag tawm los. Thiab cov quintessence ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm kev loj hlob thiab apogee ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm productivity nrog txhua txhua xyoo ntawm ryegrass yog tag nrho sum ntawm lub noob. Yog li, nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo tom qab sowing, txog plaub quintals ib hectare tshwm sim, thiab tom qab thib ob thiab peb lub xyoo - txog rau peb quintals ib hectare ntawm av.
Zoo:
Ntxiv rau high yields, pasture ryegrass muaj ntau lwm yam zoo:
- - cov khoom noj khoom haus muaj nqis thiab kev loj hlob siab heev tom qab txiav nyom;
- - Nws zoo heev nrog tshuaj ntsuab ntawm lwm hom (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog cov ntswj);
- - yog chiv ntawm cov av thiab nws cov tshuaj, raws li nws tiv thaiv yaig;
- - nqe lus ceev ntawm tag nrho cov maturation, nyob rau hauv ob xyoo tom qab thawj zaug sowing, rye nyom ncav nws cov apogee nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob.
Yog tsis muaj kev pom tseeb thiab tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv cov zaub ntsuab. Rau qhov tsis tshua muaj sib nrauj ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem yog vim tsuas yog rau nws txoj kev tsis sib haum. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nroj tsuag tsis tau ntau dhau heev lawm thaum lub sij hawm nws ripening lub sij hawm thiab tej zaum yuav nyob rau hauv rau yav tom ntej ze qeeb nws txoj kev loj hlob.
Sowing
Nyob ntawm seb hom seeding, muaj qee qhov kev hloov hauv cov qoob cog qoob. Yog li, qhov seeding tus nqi ntawm cov qoob loo huv ntawm 1 hectare yuav yog 12-14 kg. Qhov thib ob hom ntawm sowing yuav sowing ryegrass perennial nrog rau lwm yam tshuaj ntsuab. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, seeding tus nqi ntawm 1 hectare yuav sib txawv me me los ntawm 8 mus rau 10 kg.
Raws li cov nqi cog lus saum toj no, nrog ib qho kev nyab xeeb nruab nrab uas tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov dej noo thiab ntau yam kev droughts, yuav tsum muaj kev xav tau zoo.
Nws yog ntuj hais tias tus neeg tsis yog nyob rau hauv qhov kub ntawm qhov uas lub pasture ryegrass yuav loj hlob. Thiab tsis tau, ib tug neeg muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev uas cuam tshuam rau tej yam kev mob ntawm kev cog kev loj hlob. Qhov zoo kub rau noob germination yog los ntawm +2 degrees C rau -4 degrees. Cov nyhuv ntawm kub yog vim muaj peev xwm ntawm ib tug neeg kom tsis tu ncua dej cov nroj tsuag.
Lub qhov tob tob ntawm lub tshav pob ryegrass noob yog qhov tsawg me me thiab sib npaug li 2-3 cm Yog qhov tseeb ntawm qhov ryegrass nws tus kheej, uas yog ib lub chaw cog qoob loo, uas muaj ntau npaum li cas ntawm ya raws tsis tuaj yeem pub, nrog rau tiv thaiv cov av uas nws cov nyom loj tuaj.
Ntaus zuj zus
Pasture ryegrass, tab sis tsis dhau siab, yuav tsum muaj tej yam kev mob rau lub neej thiab kev loj hlob. Ntau qhov nyob ntawm txoj kev ntawm sowing, vim thaum sowing ryegrass nrog lwm yam nroj tsuag ntsuab, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom ua raws li uniformity, tab sis tib lub sij hawm cais ib nrab mus kom ze rau cultivation, kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas cog rau hauv tib av.
Tom qab lub caij ntuj no, nws tsuas yog lub sij hawm zoo rau sow ryegrass rau ntau xyoo, raws li cov av yog txaus wetted, tsis muaj drought thiab cov av muaj "refreshed" nrog lub tawm ntawm snow thiab Frost.
Kev hloov ntawm cov kev xav tau hauv qab no tuaj yeem ua rau ib feem poob ntawm cov qoob loo, thiab kom nws tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau piv rau qhov chaw. Cov mob no yog:
- - Seeding yuav tsum tshwm sim nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav; cov av yuav tsum tsis txhob ntub qhuav thiab ntsuas ntub;
- - Lus Askiv ryegrass tsis muaj peev xwm tiv nrog ob leeg te thiab sov;
- - cov av yuav tsum tau ua tiav sai sai tom qab lub caij ntuj no thiab cov daus yaj; noo noo yuav tsum ceev ceev ntawm ib qho nruab nrab thiab tsis pub dej rau "dej nyab" cov noob ntawm perennial ryegrass;
- - rau plowing nws yog tsim nyog los ua potash thiab phosphate chiv, thiab nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav los qhia nitrogen chiv rau thawj sowing;
- - mowing yuav tsum tau nqa tawm ntawm heev thaum pib ntawm flowering, vim lub fact tias ryegrass hlob coarse heev sai sai, raws li ib tug ntawm cov tsiaj uas tsis zoo noj.
