Muaj ntau tus neeg tuaj yeem cog txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau ntau lub hom phiaj: ib txhia tsuas yog "rau lawv tus kheej", lwm tus ua cov hauj lwm thiab khwv tau nyiaj los ntawm kev muag cov qoob loo, thiab lwm tus neeg siv zog cog qoob loo loj rau lawv thaj av uas zoo nkauj zais rau ntawm sab xub thawj ntawm lub tsev los yog gazebo.
Tiam sis nws muaj cov kws cog qoob loo uas qhia tag nrho cov kev siv zog los nrhiav cov ntau yam uas yuav muab tau tag nrho cov hauj lwm saum toj no.
Ib qho ntawm no grape ntau yam, uas tsis xav tau ntau xim, yog "Augustine".
Hauv qab no, peb yuav sim qhia tag nrho cov secrets thiab peculiarities ntawm no ntau yam kom paub koj nrog nws li zoo li sai tau thiab mus rau simplify npaj rau cog ib tug hmab.
Nqe lus piav ntawm grapes "Augustine"
Qhia koj nrog no ntau hom txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thawj zaug ntawm txhua yam koj yuav tsum them nyiaj rau lub neej ntawm ntau lub npe.
Yog tias koj yuav tsum tau ntsib ntau yam xws li "V25 / 20", "Pleven Sustainable" los sis "Phenomenon", koj paub - qhov no yog tag nrho tib yam "Augustine".
Ib tug ntawm cov npe hais tau muab los ntawm ib qho ntawm nws cov niam txiv, ntau yam "Pleven", uas, ua tsaug rau cov dag zog ntawm Bulgarian breeders, twb ho kho.
Lwm daim ntawv ntawm niam txiv "Augustine" yog ib tug txiv hmab "Vilar Blanc", los ntawm qhov uas nws tau txais nws cov tsis kam. Qhov no ntau hom txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog npaj rau kev siv lub rooj, uas yog, nws yog feem ntau noj tshiab thiab tsis siv rau kev ua.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam piav yog varied dav txaus, uas yog facilitated los ntawm thaum ntxov ripening ntawm nws txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zoo tsis kam mus rau qhov tsawg kub.
Nyob rau hauv dav dav, clusters ntawm grapes "Augustine" muaj ntau zoo sib xws rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm ntau yam "Pleven".
Lawv yog cov loj loj loj, muaj kev sib thooj sib luag, feem ntau ib lub tis muaj peev xwm ua tau. Qhov nruab nrab ntawm ib pawg yuav sib txawv ntawm 0.4 mus 1 kilogram.
Cov berries ntawm pawg tsis muab tso rau densely, tab sis lawv cov loj yog heev loj - 2.8 x 2 cm centimeters. Qhov ceeb thawj ntawm berries piav ntau yam me me - los ntawm 5 mus rau 8 grams.
Ib qho kev txawv txav ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog xim dawb los yog kub-daj ntawm lawv cov tawv nqaij, vim tias lub hnub ci muab lub tswv yim tias lawv ci tuaj.
Cov nyhuv no muaj qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj li qhov muaj peev xwm ua tau ntsej muag zoo nkauj "Augustine", lawv cov kev nthuav tawm.
Tastes ntawm no grape ntau yam yog feem ntau dog dig, li cas los xij, vim yog lub ntse fleshy pulp, lub berries muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb rhiab thiab originality. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lawv saj yog yooj yim heev thiab harmonious.
Muaj ntau ntau cov khoom qab zib, vim hais tias ntau yam boasts zoo qab zib txuam nrog, uas tsis txo txawm nrog hnyav heev thiab ntiag tug precipitations. Txawm hais tias daim tawv nqaij muaj zog, nws tsis xav tias thaum noj mov.
Qhov no cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog pom ntxov heev vim hais tias nws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripen ncig nruab nrab lub yim hli ntuj.
Lub caij loj hlob ntawm lub Bush on nruab nrab tsuas kav rau 117 hnub. Fruiting raws li ib tug tag nrho yog xauv npo thiab qee zaus kuj yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav.
Cov kev paub txog cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo tau nco ntsoov tias yog tias koj tawm ntawm ib qho kev tua xwb, tab sis lub sij hawm qoob loo ntawm cov qoob loo yuav raug txo kom qis qis qis dua 10. Tiam sis, yog tias koj tsis muaj sij hawm ua kom tiav li ib tug neeg hlau, koj yuav tsis tau txhawj txog kev sau: txawm tias nws yuav ib me ntsis tom qab, lub Bush yuav yooj yim nqa txhua tus txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Yog tias peb sib tham txog cov luaj li cas, uas yuav tau tua los ntawm ib hectare ntawm plantings ntawm no ntau yam, ces qhov nruab nrab no daim duab yog 120-140 centners. Thaum pib xyaum ua hlob grapes, los ntawm ib tug Bush yam tsis muaj teeb meem koj tau sau txog 60 kilograms ntawm berries.
Winegrowers hlub "Augustine" tsis tsuas yog rau lub nplua mais ntawm cov qoob loo, tab sis feem ntau rau lub fact tias Bush txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis tshee, txawm nrog tsawg saib xyuas rau nws.
Hais txog qhov kev tawm los, koj yuav tsum tau mloog zoo rau cov kev ua tau zoo uas ua rau nws txais tau qee cov kev sib tw siab. Thawj zaug ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog ib qho muaj zog-loj hlob Bush nrog zoo-ripening tua, on uas ob inflorescences yog stably pw.
Qhov ntau yam propagates heev yooj yim, uas yog facilitated los ntawm sai sai rooted cuttings.
Qhia me ntsis txog lwm tus zoo siab grapes "Augustine"
- Lub grape Bush ntawm piav ntau yam muaj ib tug bisexual paj, uas saib xyuas tsis tsuas high thiab ruaj loo, tab sis kuj qhaj ntawm pea berries thiab zoo pollination ntawm tag nrho cov inflorescences. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau yam "Augustine" yog ib tug zoo heev pollinator rau ntau lwm yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau, lub flowering lub sij hawm ntawm uas coincide nrog nws.
- Lub sijhawm thaum ntxov ntawm ripening ntawm qoob loo thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm berries yog khaws cia rau ntawm Bush rau txog 2 lub lim tiam yam tsis tau poob ntawm saj thiab tsos.
- Txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog cov tsis tsuas yog los ntawm lub high quality ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tab sis kuj los ntawm lawv zoo haum rau kev thauj mus los tshaj ntev ncua kev.
- Qhov ntau yam yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm kev tawm tsam ntau rau feem ntau cov fungal kab mob ntawm vineyards.
- Wasps tsis tshua muaj kev puas tsuaj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Qhov no yuav tsuas ua rau kom muaj kev puas tsuaj berries, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tus kab tsis tshwm sim txhua txhua xyoo.
- Lub Bush yooj yim tolerates tsawg lub caij ntuj no kub. Tshwj xeeb, tus ntsuas ntsuas kub ntawm -24ºS ntoo tsis puas lawm. Tab sis txawm li cas los xij, qhov ntau yam yog mus zwm cov qoob loo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum loj hlob hauv Nruab Nrab Thaj Teb Cheeb Tsam.
- Lub vigorous thiab unpretentious nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv tawm yog ib qho zoo heev décor rau arches thiab arbors. Nyob rau hauv kev, thaum arched loj hlob tej zaum yuav nce lub me me ntawm pawg.
- Qhov ntau yam yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau cog lus hauv viticulture, siv nyob rau hauv yug me nyuam.
Disadvantages hom: dab tsi koj yuav tsum npaj kom txhij ua ntej?
- Nrog lub caij nyoog thiab lub caij nyoog rains, ntes ntawm berries yog pom, uas tom qab ua qhov ua rau ntawm lawv cov rotting.
- Over-grown berries, tsis tshem tawm los ntawm Bush rau ob lub lim tiam tom qab kom loj hlob, pib crumble on lawv tus kheej.
- Muaj kev puas tsuaj los ntawm graveyard uas ua rau lub berries rau rot.
- Nyob rau hauv lub berries ntawm no ntau yam muaj ntau cov noob uas muaj loj loj. Muaj ntau tus kws loj hlob xav txog qhov no qhov teeb meem loj ntawm cov txiv hmab.
- Cov kev thauj mus los ntev yuav ua rau lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo tuaj poob ntawm pawg.
Hais txog cov nta ntawm cog ntau yam
Kwv kab lis kev cai muaj ntau yam yooj yim. Ntxiv mus, muaj ob peb txoj kev cog tsob nroj no zoo nkauj:
- Cog varietal seedlings zus on lawv tus kheej keeb kwm, los yog grafted.
- Luam siv cuttings grafted rau cov stocks nrog ib tug loj Tshuag ntawm perennial ntoo.
- Siv rau yug me nyuam noob.
- Tau txais ib qho tshiab ntoo siv cov kais dej.
Xaiv ib txoj kev los sis lwm tus tsuas yog raws li koj lub peev xwm thiab cov kev pab cuam. Piv txwv li, thaum tsis muaj pob txha mos los yog muaj peev xwm los ywv "Agustine" cov kais dej, cov kev xaiv no cia li poob rau koj.
Lub sijhawm ntawm lub xyoo thiab lub sij hawm ntawm cog lub grapevine yuav nyob ntawm seb dab tsi hom cog koj tau xaiv. Yog hais tias koj tau yuav ib tug ntsuab seedling, nws yuav tsum tau cog tsuas yog nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav, tab sis nyob rau hauv dav dav, Autumn lub sij hawm yog tseem haum rau cog seedlings.
Feem ntau, koj yuav tsum tau teev cov txiaj ntsim ntawm txhua lub caij nyoog.
Cov kev pab ntawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav cog yog raws li nram no:
- Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, muaj cua sov ntau dua, ua tsaug uas tsuas yog cog ntoo xwb thiaj zoo rau qhov chaw tshiab thiab nkag mus hauv kev loj hlob.
- Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho lub caij rau thiaj li yuav ntxiv dag zog rau ua ntej lub caij ntuj no Frost.
- Nws yog ntseeg hais tias lub bushes cog nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav tuaj rau hauv fruition sai dua Autumn sawv daws yuav.
Tab sis, lub Bush cog nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav yuav tsum tau yuav tsum tau watered ntau heev, vim hais tias cov av yog drier nyob rau lub sij hawm no tshaj li nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, thiab noo noo los ntawm nws evaporates ntau ntau lawm.
Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho loj disadvantage ntawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav yog hais tias nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no nws yog qhov ntau nyuaj tshaj yuav ib tug seedling ntawm ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tsum tau. Yog li, cog grapes nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg kuj muaj nws qhov zoo, uas yuav tsum tau ntxiv:
- Zoo siv tag nrho cov khoom cog rau yug me nyuam grapes harvested nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg. Vim li no, nws yog ntau dua zajlus kom cog vines nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm no, es tsis khaws cia cuttings los yog seedlings kom txog rau thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
- Ua li ntawd, yog tias koj tseem yuav khaws cov khoom cog kom txog thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav, koj yuav tsum paub: Autumn cog thiab zoo vaj tse ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab txawm tias cov kab mob rau lub caij ntuj no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los khaws cia.
Ntawm chav kawm, ntau, txawm tias cov lus sib cav, xaiv cog txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, vim lawv ntshai mus khov cov txiv hmab hauv lub caij ntuj no. Ntawm chav kawm, muaj rationality nyob rau hauv no, tab sis nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, nws tsuas yog tsis yooj yim sua kom teb unambiguously uas haum yog zoo dua.
Yog hais tias peb tham txog grapes nyob rau hauv dav dav, ces no qoob loo muaj peev xwm hu ua tag nrho unintelligent mus rau tej yam kev mob ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog mus rau fertility ntawm cov av. Txawm li cas los, lub Augustine txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam yog pom zoo kom yuav tsum tau zus nyob rau hauv zoo fertile xau, uas muaj ib tug loj txaus ntawm noo noo.
Ntawm chav kawm, hais tias tsis yog txhua lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj ib tug zoo xws li hom av. Hauv qhov no, qhov kev xaiv tsuas yog ua rau nws tus kheej noj cov nroj tsuag tsis tu ncua nrog cov as-ham (ob qho tib si cov organic teeb meem thiab pob zeb hauv av chiv), zoo li cov dej tsis tu ncua nws yog tias muaj kev xav tau rau nws.
Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum peb tsis nco qab txog kev hlub ntawm grapes mus rau lub hnub ci. Nyob rau hauv shaded chaw, lub vine tsis tsuas yog loj hlob tsis zoo, tab sis kuj muab ib tug heev pluag thiab ntiav qoob loo, uas tseem matures tsis zoo. Yog li ntawd, classically, grapes yog zus los ntawm sab qab teb los yog sab hnub poob ntawm lub tsev, yog li ntawd lub tsev kuj ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug tiv thaiv tawm tsam drafts.
Ntxiv thiab, qhov no muaj kev pom zoo. loj hlob ntawm arches, los yog ze ntawm arbors. Nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev yuav tsum mus rau hauv tus account uas nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas qhov Bush loj hlob, txias cua flows tsis stagnate. Rau qhov no yog vim li cas, grapes zoo tshaj plaws cog on toj thiab toj.
Cov kws txawj ntse pom zoo kom ua theem rov qab ntawm lub bushes ntawm ib kab yam tsawg kawg yog 1.5 meterstiam sis ntawm nruab nrab ntawm kab ntawm bushes ntawm no ntau yam yog 3 meters. Tsaug rau lub tswvyim no, cov kev npau taws yuav tsis intertwine ntau thiab ntxoov ntxoo nrog lawv cov zaub ntsuab.
Ob peb lub lis piam ua ntej yuav tsaws yog qhov tseem ceeb heev npaj ib aub tsawb rau cov txiv hmab. Nws tob yog hais txog 0.8 meters (qhov dav yog tsim nyog), uas yuav ua rau nws ua tau mus ntxiv qhov tsim nyog tus nqi ntawm fertilizer rau nws qab.
Nyob rau hauv kev, tov nrog lub teeb fertile av rau hauv aub tsiv yog coj txog 2-3 thoob ntawm compost. Cov sib tov ntawm chiv kuj yuav tsum tau them nrog lwm txheej ntawm av, uas yuav cais lawv los ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm seedling, tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm Burns.
Tom ntej no, tus pit yog sab laug kom paub meej tias tag nrho cov no chiv raug zoo subsided thiab hais tias tom qab cog lub sapling tsis nrog lawv.
Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum pib searching thiab yuav ib tug txiv hmab txiv ntoo seedling ntawm ntau yam koj xav tau. Lub ntsiab kev xaiv rau ib tug seedling yog xirrigated paus system tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj thiab ib tug ntsuab txiav ntawm sab saum toj ntawm lub seedling.
Tsis tas li ntawd, ua ntej ua ib tug ncaj qha tsaws, ib sapling descends rau hauv dej rau ob peb hnub. Thaum lub sij hawm no, nws yuav muaj sij hawm kom muaj kab ntsig nrog noo noo kom thiaj yooj yim hloov lub sij hawm tom qab ntawm kev hloov mus rau qhov chaw tshiab.
Nws tseem yog nthuav los nyeem txog qhov zoo tshaj plaws dawb grapes
Lub cog nws tus kheej lies nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias lub seedling yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv ib lub qhov mus rau theem ntawm lawv paus caj dab: nws yuav tsum nyob rau hauv tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv yuav nyob rau hauv hauv av txawm noj mus rau hauv tus account subsidence ntawm cov av. Grapes yuav tsum tau them nrog av maj mam ua tib zoo kom tsis txhob ua puas rau hauv paus system.
Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm txoj kev no, koj muaj peev xwm ncuav rau hauv nws ib thoob dej, uas consolidate cov av twb tau sau. Thaum ua tiav lub qhov kawg mus, ib qho kev txhawb nqa raug ntiav nyob rau hauv ze lub seedling. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws rov qab watered heev. Cov av nyob ib ncig nws yog pom zoo rau mulch.
Graft Augustine txiv hmab txiv ntoo mus rau rootstock nrog ib tug loj txaus ntawm perennial ntoo
Grafting grapes rau lub qub Tshuag yog tias nyob rau hauv lub heev rootstock, raws nraim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab, muaj ib tug me me dismemberment. Ntawd yog qhov twg muab txiav. Tom qab no, cov Tshuag yog tightly tightened kom nce ntxim yuav rooting. Tab sis yuav kom ua tau txhua yam khoom thiab nraaj, koj yuav tsum paub siv cov ntaub ntawv.
Thawj yog npaj ib tug zoo soj caumnyob rau hauv uas yuav tsum tau peep 2-3 ob lub qhov muag. Sab qaum sab nrog ob lub qhov muag yuav tsum tau ua txhua yam, uas yuav cia ntev npaum li qub kom ntub dej.
Tab sis qhov qis dua yuav tsum ua tib zoo txiav tawm ob sab los tsim kom muaj kev sib cuag zoo nrog cov ntoo ntoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, ua ntej grafting, qhov qis yog dipped rau qee lub sij hawm mus rau hauv dej thiab daws nrog paus tsim stimulants.
Los npaj ib qho Tshuag, nws tsuas yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tshem tawm cov tho kev qub, tawm hauv tsuas yog 10-centimeter stump. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov ntog nto yog qhov ua kom zoo heev kom huv si.
Qhov kev cais tsis tas yuav ua kom tob tob, vim hais tias nws tuaj yeem coj nws raug mob. Ob peb cuttings tau grafted mus rau ib Tshuag, yog tias nws dav pub rau. Qhov inoculation yog ua tiav los ntawm smearing lub site ntawm grafting nrog tag nrho lwm cov txheej txheem uas peb tau piav qhia, piav txog kev cog ntawm ib tug seedling.
Lub tswv yim ntawm kev tu cov ntau yam "Lub yim hli ntuj"
- Grapes yuav tsum tau ua kom cov av nyob rau tib theem dej. Rau qhov no yog vim li cas, nws xav tau periodic watering. Nco ntsoov dej ntawm Bush ua ntej flowering thiab thaum lub sij hawm tsim ntawm qoob loo.
- Tom qab watering, cov av yog them nrog mulch - 3 centimeters ntawm Moss los yog blackened sawdust.
- Rau fertilizing no grape ntau yam, compost / humus thiab phosphate-potash chiv yog siv.
- Txhua xyoo thaum lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm tranquility, lub grapes yuav tsum tau txiav, shortening txhua tua los ntawm 6-12 ob lub qhov muag, nyob ntawm seb lub hom ntawm tsim ntawm Bush. Rau ntau yam no, ib lub tshuab muaj ntau sab caj npab zoo nyiam.
- Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, no grape yog sheltered. Rau cov neeg laus bushes yog tsim txoj kev hauv tsev neeg zaj yeeb yaj kiab.
- Txawm tias muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm ntau yam, nws pom zoo tiv thaiv Txau ua ntej flowering thiab on nws tiav.
