Ib tsob ntoo muaj pear tsawg dua li ib qho kua ntoo, ib tsob ntoo ntawm gardeners, thiab tsis tshua muaj pom nyob rau hauv lawv lub vaj.
Pear txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog Sweet, muaj ntau yam nrog mos pulp, thiab muaj kuj nyuaj, muaj ntau lub caij ntuj sov, thiab muaj lub caij ntuj no sawv daws.
Qee lub sij hawm, lub pears yog torn tawm tseem ntsuab, thiab lawv sab laug yuav tsum tau hu kom txog rau thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thiab lawv khaws, sprinkled nrog sawdust, nyob rau hauv ntoo thawv.
Lub saj ntawm pear hloov, nws ua ntau muaj kua, mos thiab Sweet.
Pear seedlings yog cog tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, tab sis Autumn cog muaj nws cov neeg ruaj khov followers. Xav txog lawv cov lus sib cav.
Yuav ua li cas yog qhov zoo ntawm cog pears nyob rau hauv lub Autumn?
Lub ntsiab ntawm ib theem siab tawm los ntawm pears yog qhov tseeb cog ntawm seedlings. Autumn zoo tsim rau disembarkation noob, thiab qhov no muaj nws tus kheej vim li cas.
Qhov zoo ntawm cog pears nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg muaj xws li:
- Autumn suav hais tias yog feem ntau qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub sij hawm xyoo rau xaiv ntawm seedlings pears Los ntawm no lub sij hawm, lawv muaj ib tug zoo-tsim paus system, thiab ntoo yog tag nrho matured.
- Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg Autumn tias muaj ib tug loj xaiv ntawm pear ntau yam, thiab lawv cov nqi yog ntau qis tshaj nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Tsis tas li ntawd seedlings yog txais sai dua.
- Yuav muaj peev xwm yuav pear seedlings uas twb yog ib los yog ob xyoos lawm. Lawv zoo dua nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tshiab.
- Lub ntiaj teb thiab huab cua yog tseem sov nyob rau hauv Autumn, thiab seedlings noj paus sai dua.
- Ib tug pear cog nyob rau hauv Autumn hlob thiab tsim sai.
Thaum twg thiab zoo li cas cog ib tug pear
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws cov hnub yuav tsaws pears nyob rau hauv Autumn nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj, thawj ib nrab ntawm Lub kaum hli ntujua ntej thawj Frost. Ua ntej, khawb ib lub qhov nyob rau hauv ua ntej, thiab npaj lub qhov rau cog pears.
Koj muaj peev xwm cog seedlings thiab yam uas tsis tau khawb qhov cog cog. Rau qhov no, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas pear yuav tsum loj hlob, ib qho kev nyuab siab me me yog ua kom qhov loj ntawm hauv paus hauv paus ntawm tsob ntoo.
Nyob rau hauv cov av, uas yog tsis heev nplua nuj nyob rau hauv kev pab cuam, khawb thiab npaj lub cog aub tsiv. Lub qhov dav yog 100 cm, thiab nws qhov tob yog 60 cm Lub qhov tsoo muaj cov av ntub, ntoo tshauv, superphosphate, fertile lub ntiaj teb, thiab ntawm cov phab ntsa lawv ua cov pob me me.
Thaum cov ntoo cog, lawv raug dej nyab. Yuav kom tiv thaiv lub keeb kwm, rau lub caij ntuj no lub sij hawm, lub ntiaj teb nyob ib ncig ntawm aub tsiv yog them nrog peat thiab compost. Tom qab ntawd los txhawb nqa lub hauv paus system, nyob ze lub seedling xav tau rauj ib pas thiab khi ib tug hluas ntoo nrog ib tug hlua.
Peb xaiv cov av thiab qhov chaw kom raug
Planting pear seedlings nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg pib nrog xaiv qhov chaw thiab av rau yav tom ntej ntawm tsob ntoo. Pear yuav tsum loj hlob tam sim ntawd nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw mus tas li, nws tsis nyiam transplants.
Pear hlub sov siab thiab ntshai Frost. Yog li ntawd, qhov zoo tshaj plaws qhov chaw rau pear seedlings yuav lub yav qab teb los yog southeastern ib feem ntawm lub vaj teb los yog tsev me. Yuav tsum muaj qhov sov, sov, thiab hnub ci txaus. Tsis txhob pom zoo cog seedlings qhov twg muaj drafts thiab muaj zog cua tshuab.
Lub ntiaj teb ua ntej cog pear seedlings yog tsim nyog loosen li, nws yuav tsum hla dej thiab oxygen yooj yim. Cov ntoo yog cog ntawm ib qho ntawm 3 meters ntawm txhua lwm yam. Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias pear muaj ib lub hauv paus muaj zog, yog li ntawd, nws yog qhia cog nws tsawg kawg 3 meters ntawm txhua lub tsev, uas tseem tsim ntau ntxoov ntxoo.
Rau zoo dua pollination ntawm paj, 2-3 ntau yam ntawm pear yog cog. Pear tsis cog rau hauv cov av xuab zeb, cov kua txob thiab cov av xau.
Ua ntej cog pears, cov av yuav tsum tau fertilized.
Ua li no, siv peat, dej xuab zeb, zoo li compost los yog quav tsiaj. Ua ntej, tag nrho cov tawg nyob ib ncig ntawm lub vaj, thiab tom qab ntawd khawb hauv av, thaum cov av yog loosened. Txog thaj tsam ntawm 6 squares siv 1 lub voos xwm txheej ntawm qhov quav (ib txheej ntawm lub khob ntawm 20 cm) + 1 lub voos xwm txheej ntawm cov xuab zeb (ncuav ib txheej ntawm 15 cm). Koj kuj yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov pob zeb hauv av.
Nws pom zoo kom siv cov kua qaub rau hauv cov av, i.e. av liming. Tab sis tej zaum, gardeners pom zoo kom nws yog zoo dua tawm ib me ntsis acidic av tshaj overdo nws nrog liming. On alkaline xau ntoo tau chlorosis.
Tab sis qhov zoo tshaj plaws fertilizer, nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau cov av mus ua fertile, yooj yim cia huab cua thiab dej los ntawm, yog earthworms, lawv muaj peev xwm coj mus rau hauv av los ntawm hav zoov los yog dug nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas muaj tas mus li noo noo.
Kev kho mob yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau kev sau qoob.
Pear kev saib xyuas tom qab cog tsis yog heev nyuaj, thiab yog me ntsis zoo sib xws rau kev kho mob Kua.
Chim pears yuav tsum tau whitenNws raug qhia kom ua qhov txheej txheem no ob zaug ib xyoos. Whitewashing pab tiv thaiv tsob ntoo ntawm tshav kub, dhau li ntawd, nws ua raws li kab tsuag zoo, txiv qaub burns qee hom kab.
Rau lub caij ntuj no cov ntoo xav tau kom sovRau qhov no koj tuaj yeem siv vov tsev muaj kev xav. Kev npaj ntawm tsob ntoo rau hibernation tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov nram qab no ib theem zuj zus:
- Nyob rau hauv tsob ntoo huv tag nrho cov nplooj poob, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas tau rotted. Koj tsis tuaj yeem tawm ntawm lawv, nyob rau hauv rotten pears tsim ntau yam kab tsuag.
- Qhuav twigs, yog tias muaj, yog pruned nrog shears, lub txiav chaw yuav tsum tau lubricated nrog barb.
- Ua kom puas, nrob pleev xim tsoo tawm ntawm tsob ntoo, koj yuav tsum tawm ntawm cov chaw noj qab haus huv xwb.
- Lwm qhov tseem ceeb yog tiv thaiv tsob ntoo ntawm nas thiab ciam.
Yuav ua li cas chiv rau siv
Qhov nyiaj ntawm fertilizer yuav tsum thov yog nyob ntawm qhov mob ntawm tsob ntoo. Nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo tsob ntoo lub neej chiv tsis uaNws yog pom zoo kom pib los ntawm ob xyoo ntawm cog ib tug seedling. Pub pears ua nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
Pob zeb hauv av chiv thov txhua xyoo, nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, thiab cov organic yog pib txhua txhua peb lub xyoos. Ib tug ditch yog dug nyob ib ncig ntawm tsob ntoo, thiab humus, urea thiab poov tshuaj chloride yog poured rau hauv nws. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ntxiv, nrog rau lub ntiaj teb, thawj phosphate-potassium, thiab ces cov organic chiv, thiab rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws cov nyhuv, txhua yam yuav tsum tau dug li.
Nyob rau hauv lub Autumntsis muaj txhais tau tias Nitrogen chiv tsis tuaj yeem siv., raws li lawv cuam tshuam qhov kev loj hlob tus nqi ntawm cov nroj tsuag, uas nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm no twb npaj rau hibernation.
Irrigation cov tswv yim
Ib tsob ntoo zoo li ib tug pear tau ua ntev tsis muaj dej thiab txaus yooj yim zam droughttab sis dej tsis tau nws ntshaw. Nws yog pom zoo tias cov av qhov twg seedlings loj hlob, yog tas li nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev noo noo. Peb tsis tuaj yeem tso nthwv dej hloov ntawm lub ntuj qhuav tuaj ntub dej, qee zaus qhov no ua rau lub fact tias cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm qee yam ntau ntawm pears pib tawg.
Rau pears muaj dej nqiuas yog hais txog 2 thoob rau ib xyoos ntawm lub neej ntoo, i.e. Txhua xyoo peb ntxiv 2 lub thoob dej. Lwm txoj cai ntawm dej yog tias pear yuav tsum tau dej tsis nyob ze ntawm lub cev, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub crown, vim muaj feem ntau ntawm cov keeb kwm, los ntawm uas lub neej-tso dej ntws nkag.
Qhov saum npoo ntawm tsob ntoo yuav tsum tau muab mulched. txhua yam uas koj muaj nyob hauv tsev, cov khoom siv. Qhov no tej zaum yuav yog daim ntawv, sawdust, cog qoob loo. Nws yog tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm tsob ntoo yog ib txwm xoob, tsis muaj weeds, thiab tsis qhuav tawm.
Rau watering pears siv ib tug sprinkler system.. Qhov no yog thaum dej nkag mus rau hauv tsob ntoo los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb sprayer, nrog ib tug loj pes tsawg tus me qhov, nco ntsoov tiag tiag los nag.
Lwm txoj kev mus rau dej ib tug pear yog mus rau dej los ntawm grooves ib ncig ntawm lub pob tw, lawv dav yuav tsum nyob ib ncig ntawm 15-20 cm.
Siv dej ntau zaus nyob ntawm huab cua, feem ntau 2-3 thoob txhua xyoo txaus, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub tshav kub koj muaj peev xwm ncuav ob peb ntau lub sij hawm.
Dej yuav tsum nyob ze rau lub periphery thiab dhau ntawm, vim tias muaj feem ntau suction keeb kwm, thiab tsis nyob ze lub pob tw.
Yuav ua li cas prune pears
Pruning ntawm cov ntoo tuav thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab tom qab cog lub seedlings, i.e. nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg. Lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav los ntawm ib tsob ntoo txiav frostbitten ceg thiab cov ceg uas raug puas tsuaj, tab sis lawv tsis pom nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg. Tshem cov ceg ntoo ob zaug ib xyoos, koj tuaj yeem txuag tau thiab tsim tau ib lub khoom yas, koj tuaj yeem tshem tau kab tsuag.
Thawj cov pob txha ntawm ib tsob ntoo pib ntawm ob xyoos ntawm hnub nyoog. Tshem tsis tseem ceeb tua, nws kuj yog tseem tsim nyog kom luv luv rau txhua xyoo ceg, ib siab tshaj plaws ntawm 1/3 ntawm thawj ntev. Thaum txoj kevcai txiav, nws yog ntshaw kom tsim tau ib lub suab pyramidal. Nws tsis tuaj yeem nthuav, vim qhov no yuav cuam tshuam rau yav tom ntej sau. Txiav tawm cov ceg hlawv, kom tshem tau cov cab.
Peb tiv thaiv tsob ntoo los ntawm kab tsuag
Qhov loj tshaj kab tsuag ntawm pears yog:
- Txiv hmab txiv ntoo zuam. Nws txau ntawm tsob ntoo ntoo kua txob, uas ua rau cov nplooj rau poob prematurely.
- Leafbolts yog caterpillars uas noj nplooj, paj, thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
- Medianitsa, zoo li lub aphid. Lawv nyob hauv lub raum, thiab haus lawv cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Medyanitsa tsim tawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, uas ua rau gluing ntawm inflorescences.
- Weevils. Xws li ib kab uas noj cov txiv.
- Cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tseem nyob rau hauv cov menyuam yaus, noj hauv lub inflorescence, uas tsis tau txawm tias tsis tau tawg, uas txhais tau tias nws tseem tsis tau raug pollinated. Cov neeg laus ua noj yoov nplooj.
- Pear moth - qhov tshaj plaws kab tsuag uas noj tag nrho qoob loo.
Rau kev siv tshuaj tua kab tshwj xeeb tshuajuas yuav tsum tau tsuag cov ntoo. Piv txwv li, los ntawm sucker yog sprayed nrog fufanon los yog feem-vir. Thiab cov nplooj mob nrog mite, hlawv.
Hom kab mob
Cov kab mob feem ntau uas pear ntoo tuaj yeem ua rau yog:
- Scab. Nquag pib pib tsim thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Ib tug xim av-ntsuabish Bloom tshwm rau ntawm nplooj, thiab nplooj ntsuab pib poob tawm.
- Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo Liab. Nyob rau pear tshwm grey-xim av voj voog ntawm rot, yog kis los ntawm huab cua, infecting lwm cov ntoo.
- Xeb. Hais rau fungal kab mob. Ntawm nplooj muaj cov pob zeb uas zoo li xeb.
- Mealy dew. Nws cuam tshuam yuav luag tag nrho cov nroj tsuag: paj, tua, nplooj, buds. Nws pib nrog cov tsos ntawm ib cov hmoov txhuam, qias neeg quav hniav, ces nws yog xim hauv xim xim av, uas ua rau cov tsim dub nciab.
- Dub fungus tshwm sim nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm dub quav hniav nyob rau txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab nplooj ntawm pear.
Nws tseem yog nthuav mus nyeem txog pear ntau yam rau Urals.
Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov, los ntawm kab mob, cov ntoo kho nrog urea los yog xiav vitriol.
Tab sis, yuav tsum nco txog txoj cai golden, nws yog qhov zoo dua rau ceeb toom kab mob los yog cov kab zoo li cas, dua li nrog lawv tom qab, thiab nrog rau cov tsos mob ntawm thawj cov cim, pib tam sim ntawd kev kho mob.
