Grapes "Tukay" yog zus nyob rau hauv ntau thaj tsam ntawm Russia. Nws tau tsim nws tus kheej raws li lub caij ntuj no-tsis muaj zog, nyuaj thiab ripening nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov.
Thiab kom zoo ntawm nws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog tsuas yog amazing - sau yog tau khaws cia yuav luag txhua lub caij ntuj no.
Xaiv tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm no ntau yam, nws yog ib qhov ua tau kom loj hlob ib qho zoo heev sau ntawm Tukay lub Sweet thiab aromatic berries txhua txhua xyoo.
Zoo li cas?
Dawb txiv hmap "Tukay" hais txog lub rooj ntau yam nrog heev thaum ntxov ripening. Nws yog nrov heev ntawm cov amateur gardeners. Qhov ntau yam xwm yeem muab high loo, thiab nws cov berries muaj zoo saj.
"Tukay" yog zus rau cov khoom noj tshiab ntawm berries thiab ua noj ua haus.
Ntawm cov dawb lub rooj ntau yam kuj paub Delight Dawb, Amethyst Novocherkassky thiab Amirkhan.
Tukai txiv hmab txiv ntoo: ntau yam piav qhia
Lub Tukai txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam yog ib qho muaj zog-loj hlob thiab tsob ntoo loj heev nrog ib qho muaj zog thiab zoo-ripening vine.
Cov nplooj ntawm nws tua yog me me. Nyob rau hauv cov duab, lawv yog cov qe-puab nrog ib tug me ntsis split nruab nrab thiab nruab nrab raws tus sawv. Lub grapes yog loj, weighing ntawm 800 g rau 1.5 kg. Qhov zoo ntawm cov pawg yog cylindroconic thiab branched, tsiag ntawv los ntawm medium friability yam tsis muaj pea.
Qhov ceeb thawj ntawm berries "Tukay" nrawm dua los ntawm 2 mus rau 6 g. Tus duab ntawm lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog oval, thiab xim yog yellowish-ntsuab. Ripening nyob rau hauv lub hnub ci, lawv tau txais ib tug zoo-cim brownish "Tan".
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj cov kua nqaij thiab cov nqaij pleev nqaij uas muaj qab ntxiag ua kua zaub thiab lub teeb muscatel. Lawv cov tawv nqaij yog muaj zog thiab tuab heev, tab sis thaum chewed, nws yog yuav luag tsis xav.
Muscat Lub caij ntuj sov, khoom plig Nesvetaya thiab Platovsky muaj ib tug qhia tau cov muscat tsw.
Cov nqi ntawm cov suab thaj nyob rau hauv lub berries - ntawm 17 mus rau 19%thiab acidity yog ntawm 5 mus rau 6 g / l. Kev cob qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm tau hais tias "tukay" ntawm 9 lo lus.
Pab: Paj "Tukai" bisexual, yog li nws tsis xav tau ntau yam ntawm pollinators.
Bisexual paj kuj muaj Vodogray, Liana thiab Libya.
Diam duab
Diam duab txiv hmab "Tukay":
Yug me nyuam keeb kwm thiab yug me nyuam thaj av
"Tukay" rho tawm nrov breeders VNIIViV npe hu ua Ya I. Potapenkonyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Novocherkassk thiab muab lub ntiaj teb ib tug ntau nrov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam.
Cov niam txiv "Tukaya" - Central Esxias ntau "Yakdona" thiab cov kab tshoob kev vintage ntau yam Pearls Saba, los ntawm cov tshiab ntau yam tau txais txias txias thiab ntxov maturation.
Xws zoo heev ntau yam li Super Extra, Kev zoo nkauj ntawm lub North, Isabella tau boast zoo heev Frost tsis kam.
Cov kev zoo no ua rau koj zoo siab "Tukay" tsis yog tsuas yog nyob rau sab qab teb Russia, tab sis kuj nyob rau sab qaum teb-thaj thiab Central nruab nrab ntawm lub teb chaws, thiab nyob rau hauv Urals thiab Siberia.
Yam ntxwv
Qhov ntau yam ua rau siab thiab ruaj khov yields.
Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab txoj kab, koj tuaj yeem noj lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo "Tukay" nyob rau hauv Lub Xya Hli.
Qhov ntau muaj ib tug high tawm los kev nyab xeeb. Ripe berries tau nyob twj ywm ntawm Bush rau ib lub sij hawm ntev yam tsis tau poob lawv saj.
Tus thawj, Attica thiab Knight kuj qhia txog kev muaj peev xwm ua kom zoo tom qab sib sau.
Thiab tom qab harvesting lub grapes "Tukay" yuav khaws cia tshiab kom txog rau thaum Lub Plaub Hlis Ntuj xyoo tom ntej. Qhov no zoo txo nws hwj "Tukay" nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv qhov khaws cia zoo ntawm qoob loo ntawm European ntau yam.
Nws pom nws tus kheej zoo thiab nyob rau hauv tsheb thauj mus los - lub berries tsis keej thiab tsis txhob nkag mus hauv kev sib kis.
Pab: Rau lub sij hawm ntev cia, grapes raug muab tso rau hauv ib chav tsev tsaus nti nrog rau ib qho chaw sov ntawm 1 txog 8 ° C. Qhov no tej zaum yuav yog ib qho qab daus, pantry los yog tub yees.
Qhov ntau yam yog prone rau overloading txiv hmab txiv ntoo inflorescences, vim tias ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab loj ntawm pawg ua ke.
Vim li no, "Tukay", zoo li Dubovsky Pink thiab Vodogray yuav tsum tau cheem cov qoob loo.
Rau qhov no, ib tug luv luv thiab medium pruning ntawm tua yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav qaug zog tua thiab tshaj buds raug muab tshem tawm. Nrog rau qhov no load on Bush "Tukaya" yuav tsum yog ntawm 35 mus rau 45 ob lub qhov muag. Thaum pruning txiv hmab txiv ntoo-kev ywj pheej vines yuav tsum tau sab laug ntawm lawv los ntawm 6 mus rau 8 ob lub qhov muag.
"Tukay" Frost hardy txaus. Nws yog peev xwm tiv thaiv lub caij ntuj no txias nrog cua kub rau -23 ° C. Tib yam ntxwv ntawm Frost tsis kam muaj Richelieu, Rusven, thiab Nizin.
Txawm li ntawd los, nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam nrog muaj zog frosts, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los npog grapes rau lub caij ntuj no. Rau qhov no, lub vines muab tshem tawm los ntawm trellis yog nias rau hauv av thiab them nrog ib tug ua kom sov khoom. Tom ntej rau saum lub vaj tse yog muab tso rau ib qho ntxiv kev tiv thaiv txheej txheem nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug coniferous twig. Tag nrho cov hauj lwm yuav tsum tau nqa tawm hauv cov huab cua qhuav kom tsis txhob ya raws hauv qhov chaw nkaum lub caij ntuj no.
Qhov chaw rau kev tsaws "Tukay" yuav tsum xaiv hnub ci thiab tiv thaiv ntawm cua txias.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, qhov no yuav tsum yog sab qab teb ntawm txhua lub tsev. Tom qab tag nrho, qhov ntau hnub lub grape bushes tau, lub tastier lub berries yuav thiab sau yuav richer.
Mus rau lub composition ntawm cov av ntau yam yog tsis demanding, tab sis yuav tsis kam loj hlob on heev wetted, marshy thiab saline av. Thaum cog cov txiv hmab hauv ib qho av xuab zeb, cov nplooj lwg los yog quav ntawm qhov quav, thiab cov kua dej yog ntxiv rau clayey lossis loamy av.
"Tukay" ntse propagated by cuttingsuas rooted yooj yim thiab sai sai. Qhov pom zoo phylloxero-resistant Tshuag rau no ntau yam yog ib tug hybrid. Riparia x "Rupestris 101-14".
Kab mob thiab kab tsuag
Qib "Tukay" defies grey pwm, tab sis yuav raug xws li kab mob zoo li oidium thiab mildew. Nrog lub swb ntawm oidium ntawm ntsuab qhov chaw ntawm cov nroj tsuag tshwm tshauv-grey xim nrog tsis hnov tsw ntawm puab thiab lwj ntses.
Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, qhov diseased inflorescences qhuav li, lub berries harden thiab keej. Oidium hampered los nag huab cua thiab ntau lwg.
Yuav tiv thaiv vineyard los ntawm tus kab mob ob npaug tiv thaiv kev kho mob ntawm cov nroj tsuag nrog 3% daws ntawm hlau los yog tooj liab sulphate - nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav tom qab qhib ntawm bushes thiab thaum pib ntawm loj hlob rau lub caij.
Rau cultivation ntawm environmentally phooj ywg grapes, kev paub gardeners qhia kev kho mob bushes nrog ib tug biological khoom raws li quav nyab rot, uas inhibits lub causative cov neeg ua hauj lawm ntawm oidium.
Ua rau nws, koj xav tau ib feem ntawm cov hmoov av hmoov av (koj tuaj yeem hloov nws nrog mullein qhuav) thiab ncuav peb qhov chaw ntawm cov dej nag huv. Nws yog tsim nyog los muab cov tshuaj rau peb hnub hauv ib qho chaw tsaus thiab sov.
Lub resulting composition yuav tsum tau lim thiab diluted nyob rau hauv peb qhov chaw ntawm cov dej. Txau ntawm cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv cloudy huab cua, vim hais tias lub hnub lub rays tua lig kev microflora.
Cov nab npawb ntawm cov kev kho mob tsis txwv.
Mildew yog suav hais tias yog feem ntau cov kab mob txaus ntshai rau cov txiv hmab. Tag nrho cov pob zeb aboveground ntawm cov nroj tsuag txom nyem los ntawm nws. Thawj lub cim ntawm tus kab mob yog qhov pom ntawm ib lub hnab dawb dawb ntawm lub hauv qab ntawm nplooj, tom qab uas lawv tig xim av, qhuav, thiab ces poob tawm.
Yog tsis muaj kev ntsuas nyob rau lub sij hawm, tag nrho cov qoob loo yuav ploj mus. Nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm grapes los ntawm mildew, kev tiv thaiv kev ntsuas ua si ib tug tseem ceeb heev lub luag hauj lwm:
- thinning bushes kom zoo dua qhov cua;
- av mulching nyob rau hauv lub vineyard;
- nquag tawg ntawm tshauv nyob ib ncig ntawm lub bushes thiab nyob rau hauv lawv;
- to top hnav khaub ncaws nrog nitrogen chiv tsawg kawg nkaus (Overdose ntawm nitrogen ua rau 100% mildew).
Tsis tas li ntawd, los tiv thaiv cov grapes los ntawm mildew tiv thaiv Txau ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Lig Autumn txiav bushes thiab av nyob rau hauv lub vineyard txheej txheem hlau sulphate (400 g ib 10 liv dej).
Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm May thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm Lub rau hli ntuj, lub grapes yog sprayed nrog Bordeaux sib tov los yog nws cov analogues. Lub sijhawm kawg rau qhov kev kho mob kawg yuav tsum tsis pub dhau ib lub hlis ua ntej sau qoob.
Cov thiab lwm yam kev tiv thaiv no tuaj yeem tiv thaiv koj cov txiv hmab hauv txhua hom kab mob, xws li anthracnose, chlorosis, bacteriosis, rubella thiab kab mob cancer. Ntau yam ntxiv txog cov lus tsis txaus siab no peb qhia rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov chaw.
Tukai ntau yam yuav tawm tsam los ntawm ib qho kev zuam (aka grape pruritus). Cov cim ntawm cov kab tua kab yog cov tsos ntawm ntsuab thiab ces reddish bulging me ntsis rau ntawm nplooj. Nyob rau sab nraud ntawm lub pes, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, yog nyuaj siab thiab zoo li yog tias muaj gray muaj kev xav.
Nws yog ib qho nyuaj heev kom tua tau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo pruritus, raws li nws settles nyob rau hauv underside ntawm nplooj, zais qab "muaj kev tiv thaiv". Nrog ib tug me me lesion pruning thiab rhuav pov mob nplooj.
Nrog ib tug tseem ceeb pes tsawg tus pests bushes ua tiav los ntawm colloidal leej faj. Qhov no ua tiav ntawm qhov kub tsis qis tshaj 20 ° C, kom cov mis nyuj tov fwj mus rau kev khaus khaus thiab tua nws.
Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv ua hauj lwm zoo tiv thaiv tau mob ntses. "Tiovit Jet", "Karbofos", "Fufanon" thiab "Fitoverm".
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov txiv hmab hauv cov noog, ntau cov scarers, suab rattles thiab loudspeakers, ci iab ribbons thiab npas, cov hlau nets ntawm lub vaj txiv hmab.
Thiab xws li lovers ntawm grapes, zoo li wasps, tshem tawm nrog kev pab los ntawm qab zib traps. Nws tseem ceeb ua ntej rau kev tiv thaiv kev sib haum xeeb ntawm wasps ntawm lub vev xaib.
Ua li no, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo ntsuas ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm lub nkuaj zes thiab txov lawv. Zoo heev tiv thaiv nrog kev tiv thaiv ntawm qoob loo ntawm wasps thiab noog, tshwj xeeb nets, hnav khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv bunches.
Ntawm cov hoob kawm, lub txiv hmab "Tukay" deserves cov xim ntawm ib tug gardener koom nrog viticulture. Qhov no yog ib qho kev ntseeg siab uas muaj peev xwm muab tau tus neeg nplua nuj ntawm qhov ntev cia. Nws tsuas yog tsim nyog los muab nws nrog tsim nyog tej yam kev mob thiab tiv thaiv nws los ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab tsuag.
