Ntawm cov loj loj ntau yam pear "Kaum Ib Hlis Ntuj" sawv los ntawm kev muab high yields ntawm six thiab aromatic txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrog zoo heev zoo, yuav luag tsis muaj mob, thiab nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm unpretentious thiab hardy.
Nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau lub pear "Noyabrskaya" qhia nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws cov hwjchim ci ntsa iab, nws tsuas yog tsim nyog yuav tau muab nws nrog txaus tu thiab tiv thaiv tau kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam pests, ntxiv nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm piav qhia ntawm agricultural technology, yees duab thiab video ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Cov pears hais txog dab tsi?
Pear "Kaum ib hlis" yog Autumn skoroplodny qib, uas tau raug muab cog rau hauv Russia txij li ob feem ob ntawm xyoo pua 20th.
Qhov ntau yam yog nrov heev ntawm gardeners.
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo "Kaum ib hlis" tau muab cia rau ib lub sij hawm ntev heev, lawv yog muaj kua, six thiab zoo nyob rau hauv compotes, jam, jams, preserves, confitures thiab qhuav.
Autumn ntau yam kuj muaj xws li: Autumn Yakovleva, Samara Beauty, Tatyana, Fairy Tale thiab Larinskaya.
Yug me nyuam keeb kwm thiab yug me nyuam thaj av
"Noyabrskaya" raug rho tawm los ntawm Far Eastern Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture. Tus sau ntawm ntau yam yog breeder A.V. Bolognaev.
Tus kws tshawb fawb hla qus hav zoov Ussuri pear nrog ntau yam ntawm Belgium "Lub caij ntuj no Dean", raws li ib tug tshwm sim, thiab tau txais ib tug heev Hardy pear hu ua" Kaum ib hlis ".
Nyob rau xyoo 1950, nws thawj zaug tau piav txog, nyob rau xyoo 1958 nws tau raug xa mus rau hauv xeev cov chaw zov me nyuam, thiab xyoo 1974 nws raug pom zoo rau kev cog qoob loo. nyob deb sab hnub tuaj.
Feem ntau, "Lub Kaum Ib Hlis" tuaj yeem tshawb pom sab qab teb ntawm Khabarovsk thiab ib ncig ntawm tus ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Primorsky Krai. Tsaug high school lub caij ntuj no hardinesspear "Noyabrskaya" tau zoo zus thiab nruab nrab latitudes ntawm Russia, zoo li nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam yav qab teb ntawm Western Siberia.
Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no, xws li pear ntau yam zoo heev: Hera, Cathedral, Krasnobakaya, Elena thiab Vernaia.
Pear "Kaum Ib Hlis": kev piav qhia ntawm ntau yam thiab cov duab
Ntau pears "Kaum ib hlis" yog siab siab ntoo nrog pyramidal crown, qhov kev piav qhia ntawm tsob ntoo nws txawv heev nrog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, raws li lawv cov me hauv qhov no nco ntsoov pom daim duab hauv qab no.
Skeletal ceg ntawm pear prone rau tuab branching thiab loj hlob upward.
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo daim ntawv rau ob - thiab peb-xyoo ceg, uas shortened twigs thiab yooj yim collars. Lub bark ntawm ceg yog xim ntsuabish-maroon.
Pear nplooj muaj ib tug elongated oval duab nrog ib tug taw ntxeev thiab me ntsis serrated sawv. Lub Upper ib feem ntawm daim ntawv phaj ntim yog pleev xim rau hauv maub ntsuab, thiab hauv qab - nyob rau hauv lub teeb ntsuab.
Ntau lub "Kaum Ib Hlis" muaj peev xwm tsis khov ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj. Lawv phaus li ntawm 64 g rau 74 g. Pear puab ovoid nrog cov kabmob thiab feem ntau me me tsis sib npaug. Rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm "Kaum Ib Hlis" yog tus cwj pwm dull, raws li yog kev txiav, txo qis.
Sab saum toj nrog cov ntawv tsis zoo thiab lub me me ua si kuj me ntsis nraub qaum. Lub ntsiab xim ntawm lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo - lub teeb ntsuab nrog tis qis. On lub barrels, tig mus rau lub hnub, ib lub teeb burgundy blush feem ntau tshwm.
Dawb nqaij ntawm "November" pear yog muaj kua thiab me ntsis oily. Nws saj yog qab zib thiab qaub thiab heev qab ntxiag, muaj ib qho zoo Fragrant aroma. Rau cov khoom qab zib "Kaum Ib Hlis" yog tsis zoo rau ntau yam nrov ntau - qhov nyiaj sugars nyob rau hauv nws tsawg kawg yog 10.8%.
Yog xav paub ntxiv txog pear ntau yam "Noyabrskaya" hauv daim duab hauv qab no:
Saib cov yees duab uas koj pom cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm lub Kaum Ib Hlis November pear.
Yam ntxwv
Siab thiab ruaj khov yield - Ib qho ntawm ntau qhov tsav ntawm ntau yam.
Thaum kuaj hauv xeev cov chaw zov me nyuam los ntawm cov ntoo ntawm ntau yam "Noyabrskaya" thaum muaj hnub nyoog 9 xyoos, 54.8 c / ha tau sau, hnub nyoog 10 xyoo - 90.6 c / h, thiab qhov siab tshaj yield yog 212 centners / his.
Cov lus qhia zoo heev kuj tau qhia los ntawm Krasulia, Lada, Lyubimitsa Yakovleva, Tsev Kawm Ntawv Menyuam thiab Dekabrinka.
Ntau yam yog skoroplodnym thiab pib tawm los ntawm koob thib 3 lossis 4 xyoos ntawm lub neej.
5 xyoos tom qab cog, pear txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog twb nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov quab yuam.
Ib tug ntau pib sai ntawm fruiting yuav ua tiav siv lub Tshuag "Quince VA-29".
Qhov ntau yam yog samobfruitny. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws pollinators ntawm pears "Noyabrskaya" yog Autumn ntau yam, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ib blooming Lub kaum hli ntuj los yog Yablokovidnaya pear tsob ntoo thiab lwm tus.
Pear ntau yam "Kaum ib hlis" ripen nyob rau hauv lig Cuaj hlis. Txawm li cas los, lawv tau txais lawv txoj kev zoo tsuas yog ib hlis tom qab sau qoob.
Tsim nyog hais tias cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog cov muaj zog heev ntawm tsob ntoo thiab tsis poob nqis nrog txawm muaj zog cua. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv muaj zoo khaws zoo thiab zoo kawg nkaus khaws cia kom txog thaum Lub Xyoo Tshiabthiab qee zaus me ntsis ntev dua.
Txawm hais tias "Kaum Ib Hlis Ntuj" yog qhov tseem ceeb txias-resistant ntau yam, nyob rau hauv climatic aav nrog loj heev winters, nws muaj peev xwm khov me ntsis, thiab yog li ntawd xav tau zoo rwb thaiv tsev.
Hauv thaj chaw Amur no ntau yam yog zus nyob rau hauv daim ntawv stanted, uas zoo heev facilitates nws tiv thaiv tawm tsam tsawg lub caij ntuj no kub.
Ntau yam ntawm pear txawv nyob rau hauv zoo heev Frost tsis kam: Rogneda, Rossoshanskaya zoo nkauj, Fairy, Dyushes thiab Tonkovetka.
Kev cog thiab kev kho mob
Rau tsaws nws yog ntshaw xaiv pear seedlings ntawm ob xyoos.
Yuav tsum them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau koj thaum koj muas keeb kwm - lawv yuav tsum tau zoo tsim.
Cov sij hawm tsaws yuav zoo li caij nplooj ntoo hlav thiab caij nplooj zeeg.
Pears nyiam kom loj tuaj on qhuav thiab qhib hauv av nrog loamy los yog av av.
On sandy av, lawv cov tsim tau txo, thiab nyob rau-tshaj plaws pear ntoo tuag.
Cov dej hauv av yuav tsum nyob ntawm qhov tob tsis pub tsawg tshaj 2.5 meters. Pear tsis zam lub duab ntxoov ntxoo, yog li nws yog ib lub tswv yim kom cog nws ntawm ib tug deb tsis pub tsawg tshaj 4 meters ntawm lub tsev siab siab.
Qhov aub tsoo yuav tsum tau npaj ua ntej: rau Autumn cog - rau 14-15 hnub, rau caij nplooj ntoos hlav - los ntawm Autumn. Qhov tob ntawm qhov aub tsiv rau pear-kev loj hlob pear "Kaum ib hlis" yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg tshaj 1 los sis txawm tias 1.2 m, thiab lub cheeb - tsis pub tsawg tshaj 80 cm. Cog cog rau cov ntoo uas muaj zog-loj hlob - 4 los ntawm 5 m.
Thaum npaj qhov aub tsiv, qaum txheej ntawm lub ntiaj teb yog tuab los ntawm 30 mus rau 40 cm nyias nyias nyias. Nws yog siv los npaj cov khoom noj sib tov xyaw.
Ntxiv nrog rau sab saum toj sod txheej, peb dung thoob los yog zaub humustxog ob lub thoob xuab zebtsis muaj ntxiv khob ntawm superphosphate, li peb dia poov tshuaj sulfate.
Yog hais tias cov av ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv yog acidic, ib thiab ib nrab kilograms ntxiv rau fertile av. lub txiv qaub. Qhov kev sib tov yog tov xyaw, nws nyob rau hauv lub qhov tsoo los ntawm ob feem peb thiab sab laug mus txog thaum ua haujlwm.
Ua ntej cog, ib tug peg yog tsav mus rau hauv ib qhov (30 cm los ntawm qhov chaw). Ces ib lub pov toj yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub qab, ib sapling yog muab tso rau nws thiab tag nrho cov keeb kwm yog ncaj qha ncaj.
Tom qab ntawd, lub qhov tsob ntoo nrog lub tsob ntoo uas muaj tsob ntoo yog npog nrog lub ntiaj teb, tsis nco qab tias lub caj dab yuav tsum nyob ntawm 4 los sis 5 cm ntawm qhov av. Lub ntiaj teb zoo tamped thiab spilled nrog 3 los yog 4 thoob dej.
Ua li no, raws li txoj kab ntawm lub qhov dej ua ib qho av nplaum rau dej. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub cheeb tsam ib ncig ntawm lub seedling mulch nrog peat, sawdust los yog humus, thiab tsob ntoo nws tus kheej yog khi rau ib tug peg siv daim duab yim hom.
Cov tub ntxhais hluas, tsis ntev dhau los cog pears yog watered on nruab nrab 4 zaug ib lub hlis. Txaus tshaj ntawm cov dej sov ntawm txhua tsob ntoo. Cov txiv neej pear no tsis tas yuav tsum tau ywg ntau zaus, vim lawv lub hauv paus muaj zog tuaj yeem sib sib zog nqus thiab tuaj yeem muab dej rau nws tus kheej.
Thawj cov dej yog ua rau caij nplooj ntoos hlav. ua ntej lub raum swell, qhov thib ob - nyob rau hauv lig caij nplooj ntoos hlav los yog thaum ntxov lub caij ntuj sov, tom qab pear tau faded. Nrog rau thaum pib ntawm nplooj ntoos caij nplooj ntoos hlav nqa thib peb watering. Ntawm ib tsob ntoo Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 3 txog 4 xyoos, tsawg kawg yuav tsum tau 6 thoob dej.
Kev ntsuas ntawm dej rau ntau tus neeg laus pear - 3 thoob rau 1 sq. Meter ntawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub crown. Sprinkling yog suav hais tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws dej txoj kev rau pears.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Pristvolny lub voj voog ntawm pear ntoo thoob plaws hauv lub caij yuav tsum muab ceev cia thiab tiv thaiv los ntawm cov nroj. Tsis tas li ntawd, hauv av ib ncig ntawm lub pear yuav tsum tsis tu ncua loosened thiab mulched.
Pub pears yuav pib thaum xyoo thib ob lossis thib 3 ntawm nws lub neej.
Txhua txhua ob los yog peb lub xyoos, organic teeb meem yuav tsum tau muab ntxiv rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm mullein los yog slurry.
Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav pear ntoo yog pub nitrogen fertilizerthiab nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg phosphorus-potassium.
Thaum lub sij hawm flowering lub sij hawm nws yog pom zoo kom tshuaj tsuag cov nroj tsuag nrog ib tug daws ntawm sulfate (2%), urea (2%) los yog superphosphate (3%). Tsis tas li ntawd pear tseem ceeb foliar hnav khaub ncaws urea tom qab sau.
Formative pruning pear "Noyabrskoy" yog nqa tawm sai sai tom qab cog. Tag nrho cov ceg luv yog luv los ntawm ib tug thib peb. Tsis tas li ntawd tag nrho lub neej, tsob ntoo xav tau huv si thiab rejuvenating pruning.
Txhua lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav lub crown yog thinned tawm, qhuav, diseased thiab puas ceg raug muab tshem tawm. Ob xyoo tua kuj tseem muaj zog thiab peb-xyoo ceg txiav tawm. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tswj xyuas qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm tus neeg tsav tsheb.
Yog hais tias tus ceg tshem tawm tag nrho, nws yog ib qho tsis tsim nyog kom tawm hauv lub nraub qaum, raws li lawv tsis kho qhov mob ntawm qhov txhab. Thaum twg cov nplooj pear pruning, tsis tshaj 25% ntawm tag nrho cov ceg yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm thiaj li tsis mus tsob ntoo kom nyuab siab heev.
Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam nrog txias winters, lub pear "Noyabrskaya" tau khov me ntsis, yog li ntawd, xav tau kev tiv thaiv.
Ntoo pob tw lub voj voog rau lub caij ntuj no lawv mulch nrog ib tug tuab txheej ntawm lub ntiaj teb los yog nees humus.
Lub shtamb yog qhwv nrog cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev thiab tom qab ntawd liniated nrog lub coniferous fur twig los yog kab sib chaws los tiv thaiv cov nas.
Kab mob thiab kab tsuag
Ntau lub "Kaum Ib Hlis" resistant rau fungal kab mob thiab txawm mus rau xws li ib tug ntau pear kab mob raws li kab mob burns thiab //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html.
Tsis kam mus rau cov kab mob yog txawv los ntawm cov nram qab no ntau yam: Chizhovskaya, Lel, Severyanka, Moscow Ntxov thiab Chudesnitsa.
Txawm li cas los nws tsis tau ntawv kho mob tawm tsam kev sib tham nrog kab tsuag. Kev sib ntaus tawm tsam kab noj voracious pib thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
Yuav kom tsis txhob muaj kab tsuag, lub stumps thiab skeletal ceg ntawm pear yog tshem ntawm lub qub bark. Nroj tsuag thiab cov av nyob hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg.
Cov agrotechnical kev ntsuas pab ua puas lub overwintering zes thiab qe-tso pests. Yuav kom sau lub caterpillars ntawm pear moth nyob rau hauv qis qhov chaw ntawm lub pob tw yog tsim cuab ntxiab tawv.
Nrog ib tug loj tus xov tooj ntawm cov pests, hmoov tsis, insecticides ua tsis tau. Rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm kab tsuag txaus ntshai rau pear, ob peb kev kho mob yog nqa tawm (3 mus rau 5 zaug ib lub caij).
Cov ntoo 1 los yog 2 lub sij hawm txau thaum lub sij hawm o ntawm ob lub raum, ib zaug - ua ntej flowering thiab tom qab flowering, ob peb lub lis piam tom qab flowering thiab Autumn. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov kev kho mob yuav tau nce yog hais tias tus pears yog kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kab uas tsim ob tiam nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov.
Tawm tsam aphids, pear sucker, leafworm, weevil thiab lwm yam nqus thiab nplooj ntoos-noj kab zoo Sumi-Alpha, Karbofos, Calypso, Iskra, Tsitkor, Fury, Kinmiks, Aktara, Decis, Agravertin.
Tawm tsam gall mite siv "Sulfur colloid", "Fito-verm", "Demit", "Agravertin", "Nearon".
Xws li tseem ceeb zoo rau pears li zoo khaws zoo ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab tsis kam mus rau fungal kab mob txawv qhov "Kaum ib hlis" los ntawm lwm yam ntau yam.
Thaum koj cog nws ntawm koj tus kheej lub cev, koj yuav muaj peev xwm tau txhua txhua xyoo kom zoo siab cov qoob loo ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo noj qab haus huv thiab ua rau lawv zoo siab rau hauv Xeev cov hnub so.
