Lub caij ntuj sov samoplodny qib nrog zoo saj - pear Nursery.

Cov tsob ntoo pear yog ib qho ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas muaj suab thaj nrov tshaj ntawm cov amateur gardeners.

Zaum ntawm yug me nyuam tsev los ntawm kev sib txawv ntau yam thiab hybrids tsim ntau thiab ntau dua tshiab ntau ntawm pears.

Ib qho ntawm cov ntau yam yog cov pear Junior ntau yam.

Txheem:

Yug me nyuam keeb kwm thiab yug me nyuam thaj av
Pear "Cov me nyuam": kev piav qhia ntawm ntau yam thiab cov duab
Yam ntxwv
Kev cog thiab kev kho mob
Kab mob thiab kab tsuag
Xaus

Zoo li cas?

Nyob ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripening pears raug muab faib rau lub caij ntuj sov, Autumn thiab lub caij ntuj no. Pear qib "Cov menyuam" yog hais txog rau lub caij ntuj sov. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm no ntau yam ripen nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov, los ntawm nruab nrab Lub Xya hli ntuj mus rau ib nrab-lig Lub yim hli ntuj.

Lub caij ntuj sov ntau yam kuj muaj xws li Duchess, Chizhovskaya, Carmen, Moscow thaum ntxov thiab Orlovskaya Lub caij ntuj sov.

Yug me nyuam keeb kwm thiab yug me nyuam thaj av

Cov tub ntxhais kawm qib "Nursery" tau coj los ntawm cov neeg cog tshuaj Yu.A. Petrov thiab N.V. Efimova nyob rau hauv All-Lavxias teb sab Breeding thiab Technological lub koom haum ntawm Horticulture thiab Nursery (VSTISP), Moscow.

Qhov ntau yam tau muab los ntawm hla kev sib tw interspecific hybrid tus xov tooj 8 nrog pear ntau yam Dushes lub caij ntuj sov.

Yeej, qhov ntau yam yog muab faib rau hauv cov av Moscow thiab cov cheeb tsam uas nyob sib ze. Qhov no ntau yam yog zoned nyob rau hauv Central cheeb tsam.

Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no, ntau yam ntawm pears Gera, Cathedral, Krasnobokaya, Elena thiab Vernaya loj hlob zoo.

Pear "Cov me nyuam": kev piav qhia ntawm ntau yam thiab cov duab

Tsob ntoo qhov siab - siab, thiab tseem pear "Cov me nyuam" txawv hauv kev mob. Lawv pyramidal crown muaj ob peb, tab sis muaj zog ceg nrog ib tug tibneeg ntau ntau ntawm annuli; Fruiting yog feeb meej nyob rau hauv lawv.

Tsob ntoo tuaj yeem yog ncaj, tuab, lub teeb xim av xim. Tsaus ntsuab nplooj nrog me me-edged sawv yog tus, oval-puab.

Medium qhov loj qhov me txiv hmab txiv ntoo (txog 80 g), pear puab. Lawv muaj xim daj, raws li lub ntsiab xim, thiab daim npog qhov quav yog lub pleev xim pinkish-txiv kab ntxwv.

Yog xav paub ntxiv txog ntau yam thiab pom cov pears "Children's" yuav ua tau nyob hauv daim duab hauv qab no:

Yam ntxwv

Kev tsim tau ntau yam "Me Nyuam" lub cev thiab siab. Fruiting pib rau 4-5 xyoos nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm kev raug txim.

High-tawm suab ntau yam kuj yog Noyabrskaya, Lada, Pamyati Zhegalova, Yakovlevskaya thiab Vernaya.

Ntau yam yog xam thaum lub caij ntuj sov, vim hais tias cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshwm dhau tshaj li lwm cov ntoo.

Los ntawm nruab nrab Lub Xya hli ntuj mus lig lub caij ntuj sov Pears ntawm no ntau yam thov cov tswv nrog lawv sau. Nws yuav tsum tau xyuas kom meej tias cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis overripe rau ntawm tsob ntoo thiab tshem tawm lawv thaum lub sij hawm ib qho kev ceeb toom ripening.

Lub pulp ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog heev muaj kua thiab Sweet. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog siv hauv kev siv. Lawv tau noj cov khoom noj tshiab, cov tais diav, cov txuag thiab cov txuag. Lawv zoo nyob rau hauv txias. Hauv lub tub yees tej zaum yuav nyob ntev li ib hlis.

Qib "Me Nyuam" - Frost-resistant. Cov ntoo muaj peev xwm ciaj sia tsawg kawg tsis muaj teeb meem. Caij nplooj ntoos hlav frosts tom qab thaw, lawv tseem zam. Lawv tuaj yeem muaj sia nyob tau ntau lub caij ntuj sov.. Tuag thaum lub sij hawm drought tsis raug hem this ntau yam.

Qhov ntau ntawm "Cov menyuam yaus" yog siv tus kheej-propelled, yog li ntawd cov ntoo tsis yuav tsum tau ntxiv pollinators rau fruiting.

Nws yog zoo zam los ntawm txawv huab cua puag thiab xws li ntau yam yog Autumn Yakovlev, Marble, Lira, Moskvichka thiab Hav Zoov Beauty.

Kev cog thiab kev kho mob

Tsaws
Cog cog qoob loo hauv qhov chaw zov me nyuam, mus rau ib qho chaw ruaj khov yog ib qho ntawm theem siv.
Nyob ntawm seb qhov ntoo ntawd zoo li cas, nws lub neej yuav khiav.
Kom cog cov noob ntawm cov menyuam yaus qhov kev vam meej ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tsob ntoo, lub sij hawm pib ntawm nws txoj kev fruiting thiab saj ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo raws li qhov no.
Yog li ntawd, tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rau txoj haujlwm no.
Thaum yuav ib tug seedling nws yog tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias zoo tshaj plaws nyob nrog xyoo. Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub xyoo seedlings tsawg raug mob thaum lub sij hawm kev sib hloov.
Cog zoo tshaj yog ua tiav nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav, sai li sai tau lub ntiaj teb thaws txaus mus khawb ib tug tsaws qhov. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thaum lub sapling yog yuav nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, Koj tuaj yeem siv cov tshuaj prikopat kom txog thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
Yog hais tias tsaws tau npaj ua ntej, ces pits yuav tsum tau dug nyob rau hauv Autumn thiaj li hais tias cov av nyob rau hauv nws hais. Rau qib "Cov menyuam yaus" nws raug tso cai tawm ntawm kev cog hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg, vim qib kawm yog frost resistantthiab tsawg kub muaj peev xwm tsis puas seedlings.
Ua ntej koj yuav tsum xaiv qhov chaw hauv lub vaj. Nws yuav tsum tau zoo zes thiab nrog qis theem hauv av.. Ib qho chaw ntub dej yuav tsis ua haujlwm. Lub keeb kwm ntawm tsob ntoo yuav tsum tsis txhob tas li nyob rau hauv cov dej. Qhov no yuav ua rau lawv cov hniav lwj.
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav pib tsaws nrog tias nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau khawb av tsaws pit 50-60 cm sib sib zog nqus thiab li 1 meter nyob rau hauv lub cheeb. Lub hauv paus txheej txheem ntawm tsob ntoo yuav loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub qhov taub rau thawj ob peb xyoos, yog li ntawd nws yuav tsum tau muab nrog tag nrho cov khoom tsim nyog.
Yuav kom ua li no, koj yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv lub qhov dej ntawm qhov dej ntawm cov av thiab humus (1 lub thoob). Rau kev ceev thiab kom loj hlob ntxiv koj tuaj yeem tau ntxiv 200 g ntawm superphosphate, 50 g ntawm ammonium nitrate thiab 100 g ntawm poov tshuaj sulfate.
TSEEM CEEB: Tsis txhob siv cov chiv quav tshiab es tsis txhob humus. Nws yuav ua rau lub fact tias cov hauv paus hniav ntawm tsob ntoo hlawv.
Tom qab tus aub tsiv tau khawb thiab ntim nrog cov as-ham, ib qho me me toj ntawm lub ntiaj teb yuav tsum tau nchuav rau hauv qab lub qhov taub. Muab ib lub sapling on nws, ua tib zoo kis lub keeb kwm on lub toj thiab npog nws nrog av.
Yog hais tias muaj cua npuas nyob hauv qhov tsaws aub tsiv, qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau cov hauv paus hniav pib rot.
Thaum poob pw tsaug zog nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los ntawm lub sij hawm mus rau lub sij hawm mus rau dej lub av them nrog dej. Nws yuav ntxuav cov av tawm ntawm cov hauv paus, lub ntiaj teb yuav tsum compacted thiab sau cov huab cua voids ua. Tig lub tsho khoob mus rau sab qab teb kom nws kho thaum nws ncav cuag lub hnub ci.
Thaum tsob ntoo cog, nws yuav tsum tau khi rau ib tug pas. Cov cua yuav tsis viav ib sapling, thiab nws cov hauv paus hniav yuav nyob hauv ib lub xeev taag. Qhov no yuav pab nws khom nyob hauv ib qho chaw tshiab zoo dua qub.
Cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm lub seedling zoo dua tsis txhob poob siab. Cov lus cog hauv av loj yuav ua rau cov pa oxygen uas yuav tsum muaj rau cov hauv paus hniav.
Tuaj tsim
Ntau hom ntoo "Cov menyuam yaus" siab siab. Yog li ntawd, nws yuav tsum crown-sib sau pruning. Ntau cov ceg ntoo thiab kev tua tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj tshav ntuj ntawm qhov tob hauv hauv cov ntoo hauv av. Qhov no ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm paj, ncua sij hawm qhov pib ntawm fruiting, txo tawm los, impairs qhov saj ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Pib lub tsim ntawm lub crown yog tsim nyog Tam sim ntawd, sai li sai tau lub seedling tau txiav txim siab mus rau ib qho chaw mus tas li.Cov tub ntxhais hluas cov ntoo tuaj yeem ua ib lub yas khoov cia los yog deflecting tus ceg. Rau qhov kev siv no spacers los yog khi nrog twine. Tua kab uas loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib qho kev mob yog hloov nrog cov av.
Thiab loj hlob ntawm obtuse kaum ntawm attracts mus rau lub pob tw, khi nrog ib hlua los yog xaim. Lub taub tawv ntawm tsob ntoo yuav tsum tau muaj kev tiv thaiv nrog cov roj av ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyuab.
Tom qab, lawv siv sijhawm ntawm txoj cai kaum. Pruning tsis zoo heev rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm pear, yog li no hom yog tsim nyog nyob rau hauv tsim ntawm lub crown ntawm pear.
Trimming yog los yog shortening tua, los yog thinning ceg. Tua yuav tsum tau txiav tawm hla lub raum. Loj ceg raug muab tshem tawm nyob rau hauv ob ua ke: thawj, txiav tawm feem ntau ntawm cov ceg, thiab ces txiav tawm tus so.
Thaum sib sau lub crown 5-6 skeletal (main) ceg yog sab laug. Tua uas yog nyob rau hauv ib qho mob kaum rau lub qia tsis haum rau lawv. Thaum cov pear yuav dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo, cov ceg yuav tawg tawm hauv qhov hnyav ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Lub ntsiab ceg nyob rau hauv lub crown ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntoo yog cov ceg ntawm qis theem. Rau nws xaiv 3 tua nyob rau hauv circumference ntawm qia.
Tom ntej tier yog tsim tom qab cov ceg ntoo qis tau txaus tsim thiab yuav pib nce lub zog. Ua daim ntawv thib 3 thiab tom qab tiers pom ntawm tus neeg xyuas lub hauv paus.
Pruning yuav tsum tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, ua ntej SAP khiav ntawm nroj tsuag, los yog lig nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg ua ntej qhov pib ntawm huab cua txias. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua nrog lub cuab tam thiab huv huv. Txoj kev kho mob sai tshaj plaws ntawm cov qhov txhab hauv tsob ntoo yog nyob ntawm nws.
Lub crown ntawm ib tug pear yog tsim txog tsib xyoos. Tom qab tsob ntoo zoo tsim, tsuas yog lub thiaj li hu ua sanitary pruning yog nqa tawm - lub qub, tawg los yog diseased ceg raug muab tshem tawm.
Kuv puas yuav tsum tau kaw rau lub caij ntuj no?
Pear "Cov me nyuam" - frost-resistant qib. Mature ntoo tsis xav tau cua sov. Cov tub ntxhais hluas tuaj yeem ua tau hluav taws xob: Lub cev lub voj voog yuav tsum tau siv nrog cov ntaub ntawv uas tsim nyog (peat, sawdust, compost), lub spuds yuav tsum tau ntsaws, thiab lub pob tw yuav tsum tau khi nrog spruce ceg.
Watering
Nws yog tsim nyog rau dej tsob ntoo thaum cov av ntawm lub voj voog ntawm lub pob tw tau ua qhuav. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau coj mus rau hauv tus txheej txheem qis ntawm dej.
Yog hais tias cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm tsob ntoo yog ntub txaus vim rau lawv, nws tsis yog yuav tsum tau dej nws nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd.
Ib qho tshaj ntawm dej ua rau rotting ntawm keeb kwm. Ib qho tsis zoo ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias tsob ntoo muaj lub cev tsis muaj zog, fruiting yog ncua, qhov tawm los yog txo.
Sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws
Txhua tus txiv neej xav tau cov txiv ntoo hauv nws lub vaj kom loj hlob sai li sai tau, thiab pib ua txiv hmab txiv ntoo sai li sai tau. Rau kev loj hlob sai ntawm pears thiab rau thaum pib ntawm nws fruiting, tsob ntoo yuav tsum tau pub nrog nitrogen.
Rau qhov no koj yuav tsum tau txhuam kom sib luag 50 g ntawm ammonium nitrate ib ncig ntawm lub ntoo pob tw thiab khawb. Cov Crystals ntawm nitrate yuav tawg vim kev ya raws thiab yuav zoo.
Nws kuj tseem pom zoo kom noj cov ntoo nrog sodium humate. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua peb zaug: thaum lub caij so tawg, tom qab ntawd thaum Lub Xya Hli, thiab tom qab ntawd thaum lub Yim Hli Ntuj xaus. Qhov no txhawb rau kev loj hlob ntawm tua thiab foliage.

Kab mob thiab kab tsuag

Pear "Cov me nyuam" resistant mus rau ntau yam fungal kab mob. Tab sis nws muaj peev xwm raug puas los ntawm ntau yam kab pests - ib pear moth, ib tug pear mite, ib tug pear zib ntab tawb (leafblock).

Ntseeg mus rau cov kab mob tseem ceeb muaj cov Wonderful, Svetlyanka, Bere Bosk, Tatiana thiab Svarog.

Tiv thaiv kom lawv siv tshuaj noj inteksitsidicheskogo kev txiav txim. Cov no suav nrog "Malathion", "Metaphosis", "Kelifos", thiab lwm yam..

Txau yuav tsum nqa tawm rau ib hnub tsis muaj cua qhuav. Qhov no yog ua nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, ua ntej bud pib pib blooming. Qhov no yuav pab tau kom tshem tawm cov kab tsuag hibernating nyob rau hauv ib tsob ntoo thiab hauv nws cov tawv ntoo. Tom qab qee lub sij hawm, tsob ntoo rov qab dua.

Kab tsuag ua kab tsuag sai heev. Tshaj tawm lub caij ntuj sov muaj peev xwm tsim ob peb tiam. Lawv gnaw nplooj, lwj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, ceg ntoo thiab tua ntawm tsob ntoo.

Yog tias koj tsis tua kab, tsob ntoo yuav pib qhuav thiab tom qab tuag tas.

Yuav kom tiv thaiv koj lub vaj teb los ntawm kab tsuag, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv kev ntsuas txhua xyoo. Koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas cov tawv ntoo, nplooj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev hloov nyob rau hauv lawv cov tsos, nws yog nqi txau lub pear. Cov tshuaj txau tiv thaiv kuj pab nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus tawm tsam ntau yam kab tsuag.

Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg koj yuav tsum sau tag nrho cov nplooj poob nrog hlawv - Ntau yam kab tsuag dhau saum hauv nplooj poob. Koj tseem yuav tau khawb av lub voj voog thiab khawb tob rau hauv cov av nyob ze ntawm tsob ntoo.

Thawj tsib xyoos ntawm lub neej ntawm tsob ntoo, kom txog thaum lub bark ntawm lub pob tw yog muaj zog, nws yog tsim nyog los tiv thaiv cov ntoo los ntawm nas. Ua li no, lawv qhwv lub cev ntoo nrog cov khoom ntom. Piv txwv, peb. Tab sis lub cev yuav tsum xub tau qhwv ntawv nyob rau hauv ntawv xov xwm thiaj li hais tias lub ru tsev cov khoom tsis tuaj mus rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog bark ntawm tsob ntoo.

Txiv mab txiv ntoo
Cov kab no nqus tag nrho cov as-ham los ntawm nplooj ntawm tsob ntoo. Cov nplooj pib qhuav thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg.
Qhov no cuam tshuam rau qhov tsim ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab kev loj hlob ntawm tsob ntoo nyob rau hauv dav dav.
Nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los tshuaj tsuag los ntawm no Kab Tsuag thaum lub sij hawm kev loj hlob ntawm buds nrog yeeb tshuaj "Karbofos" los yog lwm yam inteksitsid.
Pear mothQhov no yog ib qho me me npauj npaim nrog tis hauv qab tis.
Nws lays hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Rau nws cov kev ua si, ntau yam "Dzhejnya" yog zoo tag nrho vim hais tias Lub npauj yog txaus ntshai rau lub caij ntuj sov pear ntau yam - cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj ib tug muag tev thiab yog yooj yim mus rau penetrate.
Ua kom txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav thiab poob tawm.
Yuav kom tiv thaiv tus npauj npaim, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau siv ntau hom kab tsuag, khawb tuaj rau hauv lub cev ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab hlawv cov nplooj poob, qhov twg cov pests mus rau lub caij ntuj no. Yuav kho tau nrog benzophosphate.
Lub caij ntuj no npauj
Nws lays qe hauv cov kab tawg nyob rau hauv cov tawv ntoo thiab ceg ntoo los yog ze ntawm lub buds. Ua ntej flowering ntoo tshwm yellow-ntsuab caterpillars.
Lawv pub on nplooj, paj thiab buds ntawm pears. Yuav kom ntaus moths, lawv kho nrog insecticides ua ntej flowering tsob ntoo.
Pear tooj liab
Nws yog ib lub me me. Cov neeg laus thiab lawv cov larvae ntxais lub cell kua ntawm lub nplooj thiab peduncles ntawm tsob ntoo.
Raws li ib tug ntawm lawv kev ua si, lub paj tuag tawm, ovary ntog thiab pear tawm qhuav. Rau nws cov kev puas tsuaj kuj tau siv inteksitsid.