Nco ntsoov mus rau lub caij ntuj sov lub caij ntuj sov: yuav ua li cas sow txiv lws suav on seedlings nyob rau hauv thawv

Ib tug gardener novice, uas txiav txim siab kom loj hlob lws suav seedlings nrog nws tus kheej txhais tes, ntsib ntau nyuaj.

Ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau ntau gardeners yog xaiv qhov twg cog noob thiab qhov twg kom loj hlob seedlings, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txij li thaum ntau heev ntawm tshiab, feem ntau zoo kawg txoj kev tau tsis ntev los no.

Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav sib tham txog qhov kev zoo nkauj ntawm kev cog qoob loo, txij thaum lub caij ntuj sov neeg yuav tsum pib nws txoj kev nyob rau hauv "seedling lag luam" thiab peb yuav teb lo lus nug - nyob rau hauv uas thawv yog nws zoo dua rau cog txiv lws suav.

Nqe lus piav txog ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov txiv lws suav

Suav lws suav cov noob nyob rau hauv lub thawv yog suav hais tias yog ib txoj kev coj ua.. Nws essence yog raws li nram no: pre-npaj cov noob raug faib ntawm ib qho chaw nyob deb tshaj lub saum npoo ntawm cov av, sprinkled nrog lub ntiaj teb thiab tightened nrog ib tug zaj duab xis los tsim greenhouse tej yam kev mob.

Tom qab cov kab txiav, lub vaj tse raug tshem tawm, thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas cov tub ntxhais hluas tau muab nrog kev saib xyuas zoo.

Yog xav paub ntxiv. Qhov ntau dua qhov deb nruab nrab ntawm cov noob, ntev cov tub ntxhais hluas nroj tsuag yuav muaj peev xwm nyob twj ywm rau hauv lub thawv yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lawv cov hauv paus system. Tab sis nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, qhov no muaj kev ua si seedlings, uas yuav tau tsim nyob rau hauv tus neeg ntim los yog nyob rau hauv tib lub thawv.

Zoo li txhua txoj kev, txoj kev ntawm sowing noob nyob rau hauv lub thawv muaj nws pros thiab cons. Qhov no ntawm txoj kev loj hlob txiv lws zoov tso cai rau koj loj hlob ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm seedlings, tab sis yog hais tias koj tighten nrog ib tug tuaj tos, lub seedlings nyob rau hauv nruab nrab kab yuav sab laug yam tsis muaj txaus lub teeb. Nroj tsuag cog nyob hauv ib lub thawv yoojyim yooj yim rau kev saib xyuas, tab sis tib lub sij hawm, yog tias ib lub noob qoob loo muaj mob, qhov kev ntshai ntawm kev kis tau cov noob yau yog loj txaus.

Diam duab

Saib duab ntawm lws suav seedlings nyob rau hauv thawv:

Me ntsis txog kev muaj peev xwm

Yas los yog ntoo thawv yog feem ntau siv rau loj hlob seedlings.. Thawj yuav muab tau ntawm ib lub khw tshwj xeeb, cov ntoo yuav tuaj yeem los ntawm yus tus kheej los ntawm daim hlau lossis plywood. Pros thiab cons yuav tau txhua yam ntawm cov hom no.

Ntawm chav kawm, lub thawv ntoo yog lub thawv cua sov, tab sis lub porosity ntawm nws tus qauv muaj kev ntxim rau kev loj hlob thiab tsub zuj zuj ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic ntawm phab ntsa.

Ib qho ntxiv rau ntawm ib lub thawv uas muaj cov khoom siv yog yam tsis muaj nqi, tab sis nws yog cov tes ua, tab sis cov yas ntim tsis kim. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov yas tsis xav tau kev kho mob zoo nrog cov tshuaj fungicides, nws yog txaus los ntxuav nws kom zoo. Lub thauv yas yoojyim yog yooj yim dua, nws yog ntev dua.

Thaum twg yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws haum?

Nyob rau hauv lub thawv, koj muaj peev xwm loj hlob seedlings ntawm determinant, indeterminate ntau yam thiab txawv ripeness lub sij hawm (thaum ntxov, nruab nrab, lig), uas muaj peev xwm ces yuav cog nyob rau hauv greenhouses thiab qhib hauv av.

Yuav Tsum Tau Ua

Qhov loj ntawm cov thawv rau cog txiv lws suav: dav - 30 cm, ntev 50 cm, qhov siab - 8 - 10 cm, tab sis cov no tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb, yog tias tsuas yog nws yooj yim rau gardener txav los ntawm qhov chaw mus rau qhov chaw thiab muab lawv rau ntawm windowsill. Lwm qhov tseem ceeb: kua qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau hauv qab ntawm lub thawvuas yuav muab kev tso dej ntxiv.

Ua ntej yuav ntim lub thawv no feem ntau yog tshuaj tua kab: cov yas yuav muab cov ntaub so nrog lub rwb pov tseg hauv dej cawv; ntoo - ua tib zoo kho nrog fungicides los yog tooj liab sulfate daws (100 grams ib 10 liv dej).

Noob npaj

Noob noj tau coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ntau theem:

1. Noob Xeem rau Germination. 30 - 40 gram ntawm sodium chloride yaj nyob rau hauv 1 liter dej, immerse lub noob nyob rau hauv lub resulting daws rau 10 feeb. Cov noob qoob loo tsis zoo yuav tawg tuaj, lawv yuav tsum muab ntim thiab pov tseg; cov neeg uas "poob dej" yuav tsum tau xaiv thiab muab yaug nrog cov dej ntshiab huv.
2. Mob Hawb pob. Noob rau 20 - 30 feeb mus rau immerse nyob rau hauv ib qho kev daws ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate (1 gram ib 100 ml ntawm dej), uas merges tom qab ib lub sij hawm, thiab lub noob yog meej ntxuav nrog dej. Lwm qhov kev xaiv: cov khoom noob hauv ib hnub soaked hauv 0.5% soda kua (0.5 grams per 100 ml), los yog rau 8 feeb hauv 2 - 3% tov ntawm hydrogen peroxide, rhaub mus rau + 40C.
3. Ua. Rau zoo dua germination, nws yog advisable mus raus lub noob nyob rau hauv ib qho kev loj hlob stimulant nutrient daws (Appin, Zircon, Heteroauxin, thiab lwm yam); txoj kev ntawm yug me nyuam thiab ntev ntawm txoj haujlwm - raws li cov lus qhia. Koj tuaj yeem siv txoj kev nrov: hnav lub noob rau 12 - 24 teev hauv kev daws kua txiv (1: 1) lossis dej (1 tsiav ib khob dej), tom qab cia nws hauv lub tub yees rau 5 - 6 hnub.
4. Tsau los yog hlav. Tsis tas li ntawd, ua ntej sowing, cov noob yuav soaked rau 12 teev nyob rau hauv dej sov (+ 25C), uas yuav tsum tau hloov txhua 4 teev. Lwm cov kev xaiv: noob germinate sai li sai tau, muab pov tseg tag nrho cov uas tsis germinate. Rau qhov no, lub noob raug muab faib rau saum npoo ntawm moistened ntaub pw tawm on ib phaj. Lub khob ntim rau hauv ib lub hnab yas thiab muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw sov (+ 23S - + 25S) rau 3 - 5 hnub, thaum lub sij hawm cov ntaub ntawv xav tau kev tso kom sov.

Av npaj

Tseem ceeb. Lub tagnrho av rau loj hlob lws suav seedlings yog xoob, lub teeb, zoo drained, nrog ib tug acidity theem ntawm 5.5 - 6,5 pH.

Rau qhov loj hlob seedlings, koj muaj peev xwm yuav npaj txhij-ua potions nyob rau hauv lub khw, uas kev paub gardeners ntxiv yooj yim vaj teb av (1: 1) thiab dolomite hmoov los yog chalk (1-2 tbsp 10 l ntawm substrate).

Koj tuaj yeem npaj qhov substrate koj tus kheej, siv ib qho ntawm cov zaub mov txawv:

1. sib tov 1 qhov ntawm humus, sod av, sawdust, peat, ntxiv 2 tbsp mus rau lub sib tov. ntoo tshauv, 1.5 st.l. superphosphate, 10 g ntawm txiv qaub kua qaub;
2. vaj teb av, peat, humus yog tov nyob rau hauv vaj huam sib luag, ib me ntsis tshauv thiab ua fertilizer yog ntxiv rau sib tov;
3. turfy av yog tov nrog peat, dej xuab zeb, perlite, txiv maj phaub fiber, ntoo tshauv nyob rau hauv ib tug ratio ntawm 2: 1: 1: 1: 1: 0.5, feem.

Tab sis nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, cov av yuav tsum tau disinfected, txij li ntawm lub spores ntawm feem ntau kis kab mob muaj nyob rau hauv nws. Tshem tawm ntawm cov av tuaj yeem nqa tawm hauv qhov cub (+ 180C - + 200S) rau 30 feeb los yog cua kub hauv ib lub microwave rau 1 - 2 feeb ntawm lub hwj chim ntawm 850) los yog kho nrog fungicides raws li cov lus qhia. Raws li ib qho kev xaiv: koj muaj peev xwm txeej boiling dej los yog ci liab liab daws ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate.

Yuav ua li cas kom sow noob tom tsev?

1. Nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub thawv, ib txheej ntawm kua drainage nrog ib tug tuab ntawm 0.5-1 cm yog sau li (nthuav av nplaum, me me pebbles, eggshell, uas yuav tseem muaj khoom noj ntxiv).
2. Av yog ntim rau hauv lub khob ntim ntawm 2/3 ntawm lub khob ntim.
3. Cov av yog plentifully los los ntawm tswm (yuav tsum thawed) dej sov.
4. Nyob rau saum npoo nws yog tsim nyog los ua grooves nrog ib tug tob ntawm 1 cm (rau loj-fruited ntau yam) los yog 0.5 cm (rau me me-qhov loj qhov me), qhov deb nruab nrab ntawm lawv yog 3-4 cm. nruab nrab ntawm qhov pits - 3-4 cm).
5. Noob poob muag raws lub grooves ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 1 - 2 cm, sprinkled on to top nrog av, uas yog maj mam crushed los ntawm txhais tes, thiab moistened nrog ib lub raj mis tsuag.
6. Lub hau yuav tsum tau them nrog iav, daim kab xev lossis lub hau, ces muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw sov (+ 25C - + 30C).
7. Kev tswj hwm lub tsev yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm rau kev siv cua txias.
8. Tom qab cov tsos ntawm thawj zaug tua (tom qab 7-10 hnub), zaj duab xis yuav tau muab tshem tawm, lub peev xwm yuav tsum tau tsiv mus rau lub qhov rais sill, lub kub yuav tsum tau txo rau + 16 S - + 18 teev.

Tom qab ntawd koj yuav saib tau ib daim video txog yuav ua li cas sow lws suav cov noob nyob rau hauv ib lub thawv:

Kev kho mob rau seedlings tom qab cog

• Illumination. Qhov pom zoo hnub ntev rau seedlings yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 10 teev. Txwv tsis pub, nws yuav tsum ua kom tiav illumination nrog phytolamp.
• Kub tej yam kev mob. Qhov pom zoo txhua hnub kub yog +16 - + 20C, hmo ntuj - + 13 - + 15C.
• Watering. Thawj cov dej ua tiav nrog rau thawj zaug (1 khob dej sov so hauv ib lub thawv (+ 22 S), qhov thib ob thiab tom qab dej yau raws li qhov tsim nyog: nws tseem ceeb heev kom tsis txhob cia qhuav, tab sis ntau dhau heev lawm yuav ua rau cov nroj tsuag qaug zog. : lub kub, qhov ntau tshaj watered.
• Cov huab cua tshiab. Yog hais tias ua tau, seedlings yuav tsum tau raug mus rau huab cua los yog qhib qhov rais me me: qhov no txoj kev seedlings yuav "harden" thiab nws yuav tsis ntshai ntawm kub dauv hauv qhib tua.
• Sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws. Tom qab 2 - 3 lub lis piam tom qab rov tshwm sim ntawm seedlings yuav tsum pib pub. Nws yog zoo dua yog tias nws yuav ua tau cov organic organic fertilizer raws li compost, manure los yog nyom; ntawm cov yuav khoom, yuav tsum tau muab rau cov chiv raws li humic acids thiab biohumus. Qhov pom zoo zaus ntawm chiv daim ntawv thov yog ib lub lim tiam.

Los ntawm sowing noob thiab saib xyuas rau seedlings raws li cov lus pom zoo, nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov koj muaj peev xwm tau txais koj thawj qoob loo.