Tagil yug ntawm nyuj

Yog hais tias koj npaj siab yuav pib hloov nqaij thiab cov tsiaj nyuj uas tsis xav tau tshwj xeeb yog xav tu, tsis xav tau tus nqi nyiaj txiag tseem ceeb rau kev txij nkawm, tab sis tib lub sij hawm yuav qhia ncaj ncees cov qauv ntawm kev tsim khoom siv nyiaj, them nyiaj rau Tagil yug ntawm nyuj. Qhov no yug tsis tau tuav cov ntaub ntawv hauv ib qho ntawm cov khoom lag luam, tiam sis nws yog tsis tshua muaj kev xav tau ntawm cov tswv teb vim tias cov khoom siab zoo nkauj thiab cov khoom zoo ntawm cov nqaij thiab cov mis. Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav tham ntau yam ntxiv txog kev yug tsiaj nyuj li Tagil.

Keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm

Tus tsim Tagil yug ntawm cov nyuj tau coj qhov chaw ntawm XYIII thiab XIX centuries hauv ntau theem, thaum lub sij hawm twg hauv zos Tagil nyuj tau systematically hla nrog Kholmogory thiab Dutch breeds ntawm nyuj. Nyob rau hauv ntawm chav kawm ntawm xws li Cross-yug me nyuam, lub zos Ural tsiaj nrhiav tau ntau impressive cov cim ntawm milkiness thiab nrhiav tau ib tug tsawg ruaj tsis khov thiab ntau impressive cev pob txha.

Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg hais tias ua ntej tias cov nyuj bred nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub ces Urals yog txawv los ntawm negligibly weak indicators nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov tseem ceeb tsis.

Koj puas paub? Qhov nruab nrab nyuj ua tau li 40 txhiab tshum ntawm ib hnub twg, qhov nruab nrab, zom zaub mov mus txog 40-45 zaus hauv ib feeb.

Tam sim no Tagil yug ntawm nyuj yog nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej lub noob ntawm ntau yam ntawm breeders ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws zoo, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv-breakers thiab winners ntawm ntau exhibitions thiab kev sib tw, tab sis lwm feem ntawm lawv cov ntshav cov ntshav, tus thawj Ural, zoo heev zog lawv muaj peev xwm.

Niaj hnub no, no yug ntawm nyuj yog suav hais tias yog genofodic (khaws cai raws li ib qhov chaw ntawm cov noob thawj cov ntaub ntawv) thiab yog nquag bred nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam Perm thiab Sverdlovsk.

Tshwm sim thiab lub cev

Cov tsos ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm no yug muaj cov nram qab no cov yam ntxwv:

• no yug ntawm nyuj tshwm sim nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov tau thiab paub cov xim rau tib neeg yam ntxwv ntawm nyuj. Hauv tsev neeg, ib tug yuav pom dawb, pom, dub, liab, dub nciab thiab motley, liab thiab motley, piebald, grey thiab brown mutts ntawm Tagil yug. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv muaj lub zog ntawm caj npab thiab kev hloov ntau hauv cov qauv ntawm qhov quav corset, uas muaj peev xwm ob leeg zaum ua zoo nkauj thiab ua ib lub tswv yim zoo, los yog khwb hauv ib lub hnab, uas yog nyuam qhuav tsau nyob rau hauv lub caj dab;
• hauv nruab nrab qhov siab cov tsiaj nyeg me me ntawm lub qhov tsau ntawm 125 txog 130 centimeters, thaum loj ntawm tus poj niam laus nce txog 450-500 kilograms, thiab txiv neej - ntawm 750-900 kilograms. Calves yog yug me nyuam kwv yees li 30-35 kilograms, thiab tom qab 6 lub hlis ntawm lawv lub neej lawv muaj hnyav li ntawm 160-180 kilograms;

Koj puas paub? Cov nyuj yog cov kws tsim yaam tshab hab nrug ib txwm nyob rua lwm tug lub lag luam. Yog tias koj pom tias tus nyuj yog sim ua nyob ib leeg, ces nws yog leej twg yuav yug los yog mob.

• taub hau nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub yug ntawm medium loj, proportional rau lub cev, nrog symmetrically teem lub qhov muag thiab pob ntseg. Lub qhov ntswg yog loj, moist, txiav mus rau hauv ob sib npaug halves los ntawm ib tug vertically dhau furrow. Lub qhov ncauj yog qhov tsis ncaj, nrog rau kev tsim lub qhov ncauj thiab cov hniav, tas li. Lub caj dab yog ntev thiab nyias, nws txuas lub nro los nrog lub taub hau ntawm ib kaum ntawm 45-50 °;
• torso haib heev hauv siab - dav, nrog kev tawm nruab nrab hauv nruab nrab, qee zaum nws qhov qis dua me ntsis qis dua qis dua ntawm lub plab. Lub plab yuav luag tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo, ywj siab thiab hloov, ntawm qhov taw qhia qis tshaj plaws yuav tsis them nrog ntaub plaub, nkag mus rau hauv lub khob ntawm 180 °. Udder - nyob hauv cheeb tsam ntawm lub plab nyom, nws yog ib qho zoo heev, lub ntim ntawm 6-8 liters, nws tau muab cov txiv mis tso, nws npog nrog cov tawv es tsis zoo thiab tawv;
• tom qab - ncaj, ncaj nraim, dav, muaj tus kab zauv txhais kom meej, uas yog tsim los ntawm cov kev ua ntawm lub vertebrae, kis mus rau hauv lub thoob ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 180 °. Tail - ncav lub ciam teb ntawm qis thib peb ntawm hind ob txhais ceg, heev tsim, haib, tuab, muaj ib tug loj txhuam ntawm qhov kawg, tsim los disperse kab. Cov Cwj Pwm - me ntsis nkhaus, nyob ntawm ib lub me me ntu ntawm qhov av, feem ntau nws muaj qhov hloov me ntsis ntawm ob sab pem hauv ntej thiab hind ceg;
• lub bulls lawv hnav me me (5-8 centimeters) horns uas yuav luag tsis siv raws li ib tug riam phom, cov pojniam yuav luag tag nrho cov crushed (hornless). Yuav luag tag nrho lub cev ntawm Tagil nyuj, tsuas yog rau qhov ntswg, horns thiab ib feem me me ntawm lub plab mog, yog them nrog ib muag, luv luv, qab ntxiag rau qhov kov, tsho tiv no. Hooves - haib, tuab (txog li 10-15 centimeters), feem ntau darker ntxoov, paired.

Nqaij thiab cov khoom noj khoom haus

Raws li tau hais ua ntej, qhov no yug ntawm cov nyuj tsis rhuav cov ntaub ntawv hauv ib qho twg ntawm cov tib neeg cov tsiaj ntawm cov tsiaj husbandry, tab sis feem ntau, cov tsiaj txhu muaj zog heev thiab muaj kev ntseeg siab rau txhua yam kev tsim nyog.

Nws tseem ceeb heev! Thaum muas ib tug Tagil nyuj, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov mloog mus rau nws lub udder, tag nrho lwm yam tsis muaj kuj sib txawv thiab yuav raug rau ib tus neeg hloov.

Ntawm no yog txhua tus naj npawb tsim nyog:

• nruab nrab cov mis nyuj ua rau ib xyoos twg - 3500-4000 kg;
• cov khoom faib tawm - + 30-50% ntawm cov cim ntsuas, nyob rau hauv 3-5 lub hlis;
• cov naj npawb ntawm cov kua mis yuav tsum tau noj ib hnub - 2;
• mis rog cov ntsiab lus - 4-4.5%;
• milk protein index - 3-3.5%;
• cov khoom nruab nrog cev ntawm cov mis nyuj - 8/10 (muaj me ntsis saj ntawm cov nyom ntsuab, uas yog yooj yim tshem tawm ntawm boiling);
• nqaij nyhav nce zuj zus - +150 kg rau 6 lub hlis;
• qhov hnyav nruab nrab ntawm lub carcass ua ntej parsing rau hauv nws qhov chaw txuas - nyuj yog 400-450 kg; bulls - 700-850 kg;
• slaughter nqaij tawm los - 53-60%;
• organoleptic zog ntawm nqaij - 7/10 (ntau nyob ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm tsiaj tua tsiaj thiab nws txoj kev ntawm lub neej).

Muaj zog thiab qaug zog

Ua kom tiav, peb tuaj yeem hais tias cov tsiaj nyeg no yog ib qho kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau yug los ntawm cov tswv lag luam uas tsis tau txiav txim siab rau qhov tseeb uas cov nqaij los yog cov khoom noj mis nyuj uas lawv xav tau tsim hauv cov tsiaj txhu hauv lawv cov av.

Cov nqaij thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov nyuj tseem muaj xws li Simmental, Bestuzhevskaya, Caucasian xim av, Sychevskaya, Schwyzka, Yakut mini-nyuj, Krasnogorbatovskaya.

Sab nraud tshaj qhov nruab nrab ntsuas hauv ib qho ntawm cov lag luam ua rau lawv universal nyuj uas yuav txaus siab rau txhua qhov chaw ntawm txawm tias cov tswv yim tshaj plaws.

Ntawm no yog ib daim ntawv teev cov peev xwm ntawm no yug:

• universality nyob rau hauv cov nqaij thiab cov mis tsis muaj: ntau dua li cov mis nyuj hauv nqaij breeds, thiab nqaij tshaj hauv qhov chaw;
• nyuj muaj cov khoom faib siab siab thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo heev ntawm qhov ntsuas;
• tus nqi qes me me ntawm ib tug neeg sawv cev ntawm ib tus tsiaj zoo sib xws (800-1000 Asmeskas las);
• tsis tas yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas thiab tsis muaj kev saib xyuas ntawm cov sab nraud ntawm cov tsiaj txhu, uas tsis tiv thaiv lawv ntawm kev ua kom muaj kev zoo siab thiab kev saib;
• tsis muaj ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tsim kom muaj ib lub chav sib cais rau kev khaws cia li cov nyuj, lawv yog cov coexist nrog lwm hom tsiaj;
• yuav luag tsis tua neeg, lwm cov tsiaj thiab lawv cov txheeb ze;
• zam ib qho hnyav, txias, sab qaum teb kev nyab xeeb thiab zoo yoog rau cov pluag pastures;
• lub caij yug tam sim no tau tshem tawm qhov teeb meem nrog qhov yuav luag tag nrho tsis tuaj sib hais los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev hauv cov haiv neeg ntawm cov tsiaj txhu ntawm thaj tsam Ural;
• zoo heev scent, ua tsaug uas tus nyuj txav thoob plaws hauv cov grazing, yuav luag tsis siv pom;
• tsis txhob poob lub peev xwm los tsim muaj thoob plaws hauv yuav luag tag nrho lawv lub neej.

• me ntsis herbal tsw nyob rau hauv cov mis nyuj tshiab;
• tsis tshua muaj protein ntau hauv cov mis nyuj thiab muaj roj tsawg;
• vam khom ntawm cov nqaij ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tsiaj yug tsiaj rau lawv lub hnub nyoog, kev noj haus thiab kev noj tshuaj ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub cev;
• sab nrauv sab nrauv (qhov tsis muaj qhov chaw nyob ntawm lub cev, qhov muag pom ntawm ceg, qhov muag, qhov muag, thiab lwm yam);
• unpopularity ntawm yug menyuam sab nraum lub Urals, thiab, qhov thiaj li, tus thawj txo ntawm qhov yuav kis tau nws muaj;
• Komolost tiv thaiv cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov yug menyuam los ntawm tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej los ntawm ntau cov tsiaj txhu thaum lub caij hlob;
• tag nrho qhov qub txeeg qub teg ntawm txhua yam tsis zoo thiab kev tsim tau los ntawm cov niam txiv rau cov menyuam yaus (txawm li cas los, kev ncaj ncees, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias txhua yam kev sib raug zoo kuj tau txais los ntawm txhua yam);
• Cov teeb meem ntawm grazing nyob rau hauv lub herd, ib txwm rau nyuj nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam muab, thaum txhua tus ntawm nws cov neeg sawv cev yog sim mus nws tus kheej txoj kev, yog khaws cai.

Nws tseem ceeb heev! Cov nqaij ntawm Tagil nqaij ntawm cov nyuj qhia nws tus kheej zoo li muaj ib qho khoom noj rau pickling, kebabs thiab lwm yam hom ci hauv ntau hom. Mis nyuj haus ua cov lauj kaub zoo, tsev cheese, qaub cream thiab qab zib.

Cov no yog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Tagil ib yam tsiaj ntawm cov nyuj. Vim nws unpretentiousness thiab zoo heev yam ntxwv, no yug yuav pab koj tau txais ib tug zoo nyiaj los ntawm yug me nyuam.