Peb xav kom koj mus ntsib cov tsiaj nyeg uas muaj ntau nyob hauv Altai Territory. Ntawm lawv yog Simmental, Red Steppe, Kazakh dawb-taws, Dub-thiab-dawb thiab lwm tus. Yug me nyuam yaus yog nrov heev nyob rau hauv tsev thiab ntawm ib qho kev lag luam. Thaum xaiv ib tug yug, koj yuav tsum tau ua thawj coj ntawm txhua yam los ntawm lub hom phiaj uas koj xav tau tsa tsiaj - kev tsim cov khoom noj khoom haus los yog nqaij.
Altai yog ib qho ntawm cov thawj coj hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab cov nqaij hauv Russia
Altai muaj npe nrov rau nws cov meadows nrog cov nroj tsuag nplua nuj, dej huv thiab cua. Cov av ntawm no tsis kho nrog tshuaj ntxhia thiab cov tshuaj lom. Ib tug ntau ntawm medicinal tshuaj ntsuab loj hlob nyob rau hauv fertile Altai av.
Koj puas paub? Thaum lub sij hawm Txwv tsis pub nyob rau hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas, cov neeg ua haujlwm, cov neeg ua dej caw tsis raug cai, tau hnav cov khau tshwj xeeb los mus ua tub ceev xwm. Tied rau lub ib ntawm ntawm khau ntoo, uas sab laug nyob rau hauv av, raws nraim li cov ntawm nyuj hooves.Cov mis, nqaij thiab mis nyuj-nqaij nyuj yug tsiaj txhu yog bred nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no. 50% ntawm cov khoom noj mis nyuj yog Symmental nyuj. Yawg nyom hauv thaj chaw Altai ua rau nws muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau cov mis zoo, nplua nuj hauv cov organic teeb meem, cov amino acids thiab cov minerals uas tseem ceeb. Cov khoom noj khoom haus los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv zos tau muaj ib lub cim tshwj xeeb thiab zoo siab heev ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom.
Yuav ua li cas breeds ntawm nyuj yog nrov nyob rau hauv Altai Krai
Ua raws li cov lus piav qhia hauv qab no, cov nta tseem ceeb thiab cov duab, koj yuav xaiv tau cov khoom tsim thiab tawv nqaij ntawm cov nqaij los yog cov mis.
Them sai sai rau lub ntim ntawm cov mis nyuj ntau thiab slaughter nqaij. Nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum coj los siv rau cov txiaj ntsim zoo ntawm cov mis, tshwj xeeb, cov protein yuav tsum tsawg kawg yog 3%, thiab rog yuav tsum tsawg kawg yog 3.4%.
Koj puas paub? Hauv Is Nrias teb, koj tuaj yeem yuav cov kaus poom ntawm cov nyuj (cov tsiaj txhu zoo hauv Hinduism). Cov neeg muas zaub haus nws, ncav rau hauv daim tawv nqaij, da dej rau hauv cov me nyuam.
Simmental
Qhov no yog ib yam ntawm cov hlob nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb, nws tau tsim hauv Switzerland. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus yug coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ob peb theem - qhov pog koob yawg koob ntawm cov tsiaj raug coj mus rau hauv Switzerland thaum ntxov raws li xyoo pua 5, thiab tas tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm xyoo pua 20th. Cov tsiaj tau txais los ntawm kev hla Scandinavian nyuj nrog lub zos nyuj yug tsiaj. 
Tsos:
- qhov hnyav ntawm tus menyuam muaj hnub nyoog - 550-870 kg, ib tug nyuj - 900-1300 kg;
- cov tsiaj txhu muaj tus cwj pwm zoo, tsim kom muaj zog mus rau lub cev thiab cov sawv cev cev nqaij;
- qhov siab ntawm qhov quav yog 135-140 cm, lub cev ntev - 160-165 cm;
- lub taub hau loj, dav hauv lub xub ntiag. Lub horns yog lub teeb lossis dawb nrog daj-xim av tas;
- qhov ntswg daim iav thiab tawv muag tawv liab tsos nqaij daim tawv (ib qho ntawm cov cim ntawm cov ntshiab yug);
- Lub caj dab yog luv luv, nrog cov leeg txhim kho tau zoo. Withers wide, merges nrog sab nraum qab;
- sib sib zog nqus hauv siab (hauv bulls nrog ib txoj kev npaj dewlap);
- nyuj tawv yog tuab;
- tus poj niam feem ntau muaj ib tug sib npaug udder, lub txiv mis loj;
- Qhov kev nplua ntawm simmentals nws txawv ntawm daj ntseg txhaws mus rau liab-motley; feem ntau ntawm cov tsiaj yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm ib tug nplua-variegated nplua.
Koj yuav ntshe yuav xav paub ntau ntxiv txog Simmental tsiaj ntawm cov nyuj.
Lub Swiss breed belongs rau lub neej coj. Nws qhov chaw yog vim muaj cov kua mis tsim tau thiab zoo tshaj plaws ntawm high-energy nyuj.
Cov khoom zoo:
- mis nyuj xyaw rau ib xyoos twg yog 4000-5000 kg ib xyoos twg; muaj mob thaum tus poj niam nyuj muab 10,000-14,000 kg ntawm ib xyoos twg;
- mis rog cov ntsiab lus yog li 3.9-4.1% (li 6%); nws muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws saj, yog thaum muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov protein ntau (li 4%) thiab qhuav dej, tab sis tsawg feem pua ntawm cov kab mob somatic;
- tus nqi ntawm qhov hnyav nce siab yog siab tshaj (los ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm ib xyoos tus neeg nce mus txog 430 kg ntawm qhov hnyav);
- slaughter nqaij tawm los - 55-62%.
Liab steppe nyuj
Tus tsim ntawm no yug yog ntev thiab nyuaj, keeb kwm ntawm tus tsiaj pib nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XVIII. Cov nyuj yog tau los hauv Ukraine los ntawm kev sib hla liab liab, Angeln, Simmental, Liab Ostfrislyand breeds nrog steppe nyuj.
Cov kws tshawb fawb hauv Ukrainian tau tsim los tsim ib hom tsiaj uas tau ua nrov heev ntawm cov tsiaj txhu ntawm cov tsiaj txhu thoob plaws ntiaj teb - cov tsiaj nyeg, Red Steppe nyuj qes zaum ob.
Peb qhia rau koj kom nyeem txog qhov liab steppe yug ntawm cov nyuj.
Tsos:
- cov tsiaj ntawm no yug yog cog nrog ib tug qhuav thiab dense Constitution. Musculature tsis zoo tsim;
- qhov hnyav ntawm tus laus laus yog 800-900 kg, thiab cov pojniam, 450-550 kg;
- qhov siab ntawm cov tsiaj ntawm lub withers yog 126-129 cm, slanting lub cev ntev - 155-160 cm;
- lub cev elongated, angular. Lub taub hau me me, me ntsis elongated;
- horns yog qhia rau pem hauv ntej, yog ntawm qhov nruab nrab thiab xim grey xim;
- lub caj dab yog nyias, ntev, nrog ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm folds. Withers tsa;
- hauv siab tob, me ntsis tiaj tus, tsis dav. Subdema tsis zoo tsim;
- loins ntawm medium ntev, dav. Lub plab yog voluminous, tab sis tsis yog sagging;
- ob txhais ceg ncaj, muaj zog;
- udder npawv sib npaug, nruab nrab qhov loj, glandular;
- Tus nplua yog feem ntau liab, tab sis muaj cov pob dawb.
Tus liab steppe liab yog ib qho yug menyuam ntawm cov khoom noj siv mis. Nqaij zoo tsim tsis zoo.Cov khoom zoo:
- qhov nruab nrab, cov nyuj coj tuaj rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm 3,000 mus rau 5,000 kg ntawm mis nyuj (cov nyuj ntawm hom nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas yog nyob ntawm qhov chaw khaus - nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam steppe, qhov nruab nrab cov mis nyuj muaj 3000-3500 kg, hauv qee qhov chaw cov khoom tsim tau 4500-5000 kg mis nyuj rau hauv ib xyoos);
- mis nyuj muaj tus cwj pwm zoo heev; nws cov roj cov ntsiab lus yog 3.6-3.7%, cov ntsiab lus ntawm protein yog 3.20-3.58%;
- precociousness yog siab (calves ncav cuag 6-180 kg los ntawm 6 lub hlis; nrog zoo fattening, nruab nrab txhua qhov hnyav nce li 600-900 g);
- slaughter nqaij tawm los - 53% (nrog fattening fattening yield nce).
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Cov paj nyiab liab yuav yeej xav tau ib lub txaj ntawm cov quav cab thiab lub qhov khoob loj. Noj thiab dej lawv yuav tsum yog 3 zaug ib hnub, zaub mov thiab dej yuav tsum nyob rau hauv chav tsev. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kev mob ntawm vaj tse, koj tus nyuj yuav tsim cov noob 4 zaug hauv 3 xyoos.
Dub-thiab-dawb yug ntawm nyuj
Tus tsiaj yog tau los ntawm hla Black-motley Swedish, Ostfrizian breeds nrog lub zos nyuj. Niaj hnub no nws yog qhov feem ntau thiab cov khoom tsim tau zoo heev hauv lub ntiaj teb. 
Tsos:
- nyob qhov ceeb thawj ntawm cov neeg laus-laus nyuj 450-650 kg, tsim bulls - 850-1200 kg;
- cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tsiaj muaj ib txoj cai muaj zog. Torso proportional, me ntsis elongated;
- lub cev ntev - 158-162 cm Cov laus cov tsiaj muaj qhov siab siab (kev loj hlob ntawm cov nyuj ntawm cov quav yog 128-135, nyuj - 138-156 cm);
- lub hauv siab yog nruab nrab qhov dav, nws qhov tob yog 70-75 cm. Tus sab nraud yog tiaj tus, tus loin yog ncaj;
- taub hau elongated nrog lub caj dab nruab nrab. Lub horns yog grey, nrog tsaus nti;
- ywj plaw tawv, ntim khawm;
- Kev siv dub thiab motley, qee zaus koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau xim liab thiab motley.
Peb pom zoo kom paub ntau ntxiv txog qhov dub-motley yug ntawm cov nyuj.
Cov khoom zoo:
- ib tug nyuj tuaj nruab nrab ntawm 3,700-4,500 kg ntawm mis nyuj ib xyoos twg (rau yug me nyuam, mis nyuj khwv tau nce los ntawm 30% thiab 7,000 kg thiab tshaj);
- cov khoom siv mis nyuj yog txawv ntawm ib muag, qab ntxiag, nplua nuj saj;
- mis rog txawv ntawm 2.5 mus rau 4.8%, cov khoom muaj 3.1-3.4% protein;
- cov neeg ceev nrooj nce ntxiv nqaij nyug (nrog rau kev pub mov noj pub rau 16 lub hlis ntawm lub neej, cov hlav ncav cuag 450 kg ntawm qhov hnyav);
- tua slaughter nqaij - mus txog 50%.
Kazakh Dawbhead
Lub Kazakh dawb-headed tau ntawm Kazakhstan los ntawm hla Hereford bulls nrog nyuj ntawm Kazakh thiab Kalmyk breeds.
Tsos:
- qhov loj ntawm bulls yog 850-1000 kg, thiab nyuj - 500-560 kg;
- qhov siab ntawm lub ncus nce mus txog 123-130 cm, oblique lub cev ntev - 150 cm;
- Cov nyuj muaj ib hom nqaij uas qhia tau zoo - cov lus cog nrog cov pob txha muaj zog thiab cov leeg tsim tawm. Lub cev yog squat thiab broad, lub xub pwg nyom loj, loj heev;
- ze rau lub caij ntuj no, ntev, tsho tiv no loj hlob tuaj. Lub ce yog xim liab dawb nrog;
- Ib qho txawv txav thiab ib qho cim ntawm qhov yug yog lub taub hau loj ntawm xim dawb, crowned nrog loj horns, muab sib nrug.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Cov kev tsis zoo ntawm cov Kazakh dawb-headed muaj xws li kev poob ntawm cov nqaij nyug ntawm cov nqaij, qhov aggressiveness ntawm cov nyuj nrog cov hlav ntawm cov khoom noj, thiab lub pob zeb nqaim, uas ua rau cov tsiaj muaj peev xwm qhib siab.Cov khoom zoo:
- qhov nruab nrab cov mis nyuj tawm los ntawm ib tug nyuj ib xyoo yog 3000-3500 kg;
- tus nyuj muab roj mis nyuj (4.3% rog) nrog cov khoom noj protein siab (li 4%);
- nyuj muaj nruab nrab txhua hnub cov khoom nce nruab nrab (nrog rau kev mob siab rau lub hnub nyoog ib nrab thiab ib nrab, qhov hnyav nce 450-480 kg);
- kev tua cov nqaij ntawm cov khoom noj tau zoo yog 55-65% (tus nyuj muaj nqaij zoo nqaij, muaj kua nqaij muaj roj tso ntawm cov leeg).
Aberdeen-Angus
Nqa nyuj nyob hauv Asmesliskas, nyob hauv County of Aberdeen, nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Scotland.
Tsos:
- nyob rau hauv adulthood, pojniam hnyav 550-600 kg, bulls - 850 kg;
- Lub Aberdeen-Angus yug ntawm cov nyuj yog qhov txawv ntawm cov ntawv zoo-cov lus qhia - ib lub cev ntawm lub cev ntev, sib puag, sib sib zog nqus, nrog luv luv ceg;
- slanting lub cev ntev yog 132 cm. Qhov siab ntawm withers - 118-120 cm;
- lub ntsiab ntawm Anguss yog qhov tseem horns;
- lub taub hau me me, nrog lub ntsej muag luv luv. Lub caj dab yog luv luv, nrog kev loj hlob ntawm cov leeg;
- withers, rov qab, loin thiab rump ncaj, dav, npag;
- tej yam tsiaj txhu hauv cov nyom tsis zoo;
- cov pob txha muaj nyias thiab muaj zog. Daim tawv nqaij tsis tuab, nrog rau cov tawv nqaij ua kom zoo;
- feem ntau cov tsiaj muaj ib tug dub ce, cov neeg ntawm cov xim liab lossis xim daj yuav tshwm sim tsawg dua.
Nyeem ntxiv txog Aberdeen-Angus yug ntawm cov nyuj.
Cov khoom zoo:
- cov kua mis tsim tau ntawm cov nyuj yog tsawg - qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo cov mis nyuj ua tau yog 1,400 kg ib xyoo;
- mis nyuj muaj tus cwj pwm ntxim nyiam, muaj protein ntau (kwv yees li 4%), cov roj rog ntawm qhov khoom yog 4%;
- lub earliness ntawm koj qhov hnyav nce siab (qhov nyhav ntawm cov calves rau cov nqaij npuas los txog 200 kg);
- qhov slaughter ntawm cov nqaij ntawm fattened tsiaj yog 65-70% (nyuj yog txawv los ntawm high quality nqaij).
Ayrshire nyuj
Lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm Ayrshire ntawm cov nyuj yog nqis los ntawm Scottish County ntawm Ayr (teb chaws bred hauv 1862). Scottish bulls thiab nyuj, cov poj koob yawm txwv uas tau ob peb tug poj niam - Thewater, Dutch thiab Alderney, tau siv los muab lub Ayrshires.
Kawm ntxiv txog ntawm Ayrshire tsiaj ntawm cov nyuj.
Tsos:
- calf ceeb thawj - 400-480 kg, bull - 700-800 kg;
- qhov siab ntawm withers 125 cm, lub cev ntev - 155 cm;
- lub cev muaj quas. Lub cev yog me ntsis luv;
- lub taub hau me, tab sis nws zoo sib haum. Lub teeb loj horns yog teem rau ob sab thiab upwards (nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib lyre);
- lub caj dab yog tuab, luv. Sab nraud yog dav, tiaj tus. Hauv siab nqaim nrog dewlap;
- ceg tawv luv, npag, nrog muaj zog hoofs;
- lub udder yog lub khob-puab, loj, nrog ywj nyias daim tawv nqaij; cov txiv mis yog qhov sib nrug heev, cov leeg nyias txawv nyias;
- lub tsho yog luv luv. Cov tsiaj muaj ib qho xim liab-xim daj uas muaj xim pob dawb lossis dawb nrog cov xim av.
Ayrshire nyuj mus rau qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus. Cov yug menyuam yog qhov txawv ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Cov tsiaj txhu kuj tau txais cov nqaij zoo. 
Cov khoom zoo:
- rau lub xyoo, tus nyuj muab 7000 liters ntawm cov mis nyuj (kev tsim tau ntau xyoo);
- mis nyuj roj - 4-4,6%, nyob rau hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm 3.5% protein;
- mis nyuj yog qhov zoo heev, noj qab nyob zoo, feem ntau tus me nyuam mos khoom noj yog tsim los ntawm nws;
- bull calves sai sai nce phaus (thaum ntxov li 1 xyoos lawv hnyav li 400 kg);
- slaughter nqaij tawm los - 55%.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Yog tias koj npaj yuav tsim cov khoom siv mis nyuj, ces xaiv breeds ntawm nyuj nrog siab yields. Lub ntsiab feature ntawm cov nyuj yog ib tug loj udder.
Nyob rau hauv xaus, peb nco ntsoov tias tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo breeds, vim tag nrho lawv tau bred raws li tej yam uas yuav tsum tau muaj. Yog li, thaum xaiv ib tug nyuj kev khaws cia hauv tsev neeg ua liaj ua teb, kev ntsuam xyuas qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, thiab ua tib zoo saib xyuas tej yam kev tu ncua thiab kev pub mis.
