Cov neeg ua liaj ua teb cov nqaij qaib tau paub ntau yam ntawm cov qaib uas tau raug coj los ua nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm domestication. Muaj breeds uas tau txais los ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb, thiab muaj kev sib txuas lus "pej xeem", los ntawm amateurs.
Thiab hnub no peb yuav qhia rau koj txog qhov no yug. Cov no yog liven hens uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19 nyob rau hauv lub peasant liaj teb ntawm Tsarist Russia.
Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub yug
Qhov no yug ntawm chickens yog yuam los ntawm nws lub npe mus rau lub Livny koog tsev kawm ntawm Oryol lub xeev. Nws nyob ntawm no hais tias thawj cov qauv ntawm cov nqaij qaib los tshwm, uas yog txawv los ntawm qhov zoo nyhav thiab zoo heev qe. Cov neeg paub tab, tab sis lawv tsis paub txog cov kev tshawb fawb txog kev xaiv, tau ua kom tau txais kev pabcuam ntawm Livén hens zoo heev. 
Mus txog nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, lub lens hens yuav pom nyob rau hauv txhua txhua tsev neeg, thiab nyob rau hauv kev ua tsov ua rog xyoo - nyob rau feem ntau cov nqaij tsiaj qus. 
Tab sis, txawm tag nrho cov zoo, nyob rau hauv lub 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem lub yug menyuam poob.
Niaj hnub no, nyob rau hauv lub npe "Liven chintz", qaib ntawm Ukrainian (Poltava) pej xeem yug me nyuam yuav nrhiav tau, uas ib txhia poultry ua liaj ua teb xav livens, thiab ib txhia qhov txawv qhov "Ukrainian calico" raws li ib pawg cais. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia tias calico xim ntawm no yug ntawm liven hens tsis pom.
Koj puas paub? Muaj kiag li dub qaib hauv lub ntiaj teb. Lawv muaj dub tsis tsuas yog feathers, tab sis kuj cov pob txha, nqaij thiab entrails. Cov chernushki bred hauv Indonesia thiab hu ua ayam xis mas.
Lwm tus yam ntxwv
Kev yug menyuam yog hais txog nqaij thiab qe. Peb muab rau lawv nyob rau hauv relation mus rau pojniam thiab txiv neej.
Hens
Qhov nruab nrab nqaij qaib hnyav yog 3.5 kg. Ntawm txhua tis koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau ntau yam xim uas tag nrho ua ke thiab tsim muaj xim txawv ntawm tag nrho cov plumage. Lub cev ntawm lub hen yog muaj zog, ncav us txog horizontally. Scallop nyob rau hauv lub taub hau yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug Rose los yog ib nplooj. Tej zaum kuj yuav muaj kab ntsig thiab plaub taw. 
Petushki
Lub rooster muaj ib lub cev loj thiab loj, feem, thiab qhov nyhav ntau tshaj - 4.5 kg. Tab sis nws lub ntsiab tseem ceeb yog qhov txuj ci zoo kawg li, uas ua rau lub kaum sab xis nrog lub cev thiab muaj kev sib tw zoo. Cov xim ntawm plaub yog xim dub nrog daj, muaj txaws tau ntawm golden los yog silvery ntxoov. Muaj kuj yog ib qho plumage plumage nyob rau hauv lub caj dab, uas muaj qhov nruab nrab ntev. Lub taub hau me me, xaus nrog lub crest ntawm hnyav loj, nplooj ntoos-puab.
Puberty thiab qe ntau lawm
Livensky qaib yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi mus rau lub precocious nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm tiav nkauj tiav nraug. Tom qab tag nrho, nqa qe, muab cov ntsiab lus zoo, lawv tau txais los ntawm 6-7 lub hlis.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Thaum cov nqaij qaib muaj lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, qhov hnyav ntawm qe yuav txo. Nws kuj pib muaj qe tsawg dua thaum lub sij hawm molting, uas yog, thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg caij nyoog.
Nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas, cov qe yog me thiab tsis muaj ntau yam ntawm lawv. Yog li, thawj xyoo ntawm kev tso, muaj li ntawm 80 qe hnyav txog 60 g. Tab sis, thaum muaj qaib nyob hauv nws cov prime, tus xov tooj muaj peev xwm ncav cuag 200 daim ntaw ib xyoos twg, thiab qhov hnyav ntawm qee cov qauv hnyav zoo li 90 g.
Lub qe ntawm hens ntawm no yug muaj ib lub teeb xim av, thiab tej zaum yuav muaj ob lub nkaub hauv. 
Tsi
Character nyob rau hauv lens hens calm, tus phooj ywg. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tsis heev, peb yuav hais - phlegmatic. Cov nta no ua rau cov nqaij qaib no yooj yim heev rau kev ua liaj ua teb.
Thiab ib qho ntxiv rau: no yug ntawm chickens yog heev twj ywm. Liventsy yuav tsis tsa koj nrog lawv tshaib plab shouts tom sunrise, thiab nyob rau hauv no hwm lawv zoo meej.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov noog no tsis txaj muag, lawv paub lawv tus tswv ntawm lub suab. Tab sis lwj tag nrho duab ntawm cov txiv neej uas nyiam sib ntaus, tej zaum txawm nrog lawv tus tswv. Yog li xav txog qhov no tsis kaj siab feature.
Koj puas paub? Cov qaib muaj lus tiag tiag rau kev sib txuas lus. Ornithologists tau pom txog peb caug qaib suab, uas txhais tau hais tias cov kev ua. Piv txwv li: "Kuv mus nteg qe!" los yog "Tsuag tsuag tsuag!" Muaj cua nab tuaj ntawm no!
Peculiarities ntawm yug me nyuam thiab kev kho mob rau liven hens
Thaum yug me nyuam thiab tu cov tsiaj no muaj qee cov ntsiab lus uas koj xav tau kom paub. Xav txog lawv hauv kev nthuav dav. 
Kev Txhim Kho Cov Vaj Tsev thiab Kev Nyab Xeeb
Lub vaj tse rau kev sib xyaw hens yog qhov txuj ci rau cov nqaij qaib no. Qhov no yog ib qho kaw nqaij qaib coop, qhov twg cov noog siv hmo, thiab thaj chaw uas nyob ib sab ntawm kev taug kev.
Lub coop tsis tau rhuab nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, vim hais tias no yug yog frost-resistant. Tab sis kub yuav tsum tau saib xyuas - nws yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav qis dua -5 ° C. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo qhov chaw ntawm chav thiab muab cov noog nrog lub txaj ntawm quav nyab los yog straw.
Lub litter yuav tsum hloov tsis tu ncua. Nws yog tsim nyog los saib xyuas qhov huv ntawm lub tsev hen, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau lub caij ntuj no. Qhov no yuav ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov noog thiab tiv thaiv kev kis mob.
Xav paub ntau ntxiv txog kev tsim lub nqaij qaib coop: yuav ua li cas ua kom muaj qhov cua, teeb pom kev zoo, nti, zes, chiv thiab dej haus; yuav ua li cas insulate qhov nqaij qaib coop nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, dab tsi pem teb yog zoo dua ua.
Livenki txoj kev hlub ya, yog li ntawd cov nqaij qaib yuav tsum tau ncig los ntawm ib lub laj kab siab, txwv tsis pub koj yuav saib tau koj cov tsiaj nyob hauv cov neeg zej zog. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis txhob hnov qab txog kev hlub ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, cov tsev neeg no yuav tsum ceev nrooj ntawm lwm cov neeg nyob hauv cov vaj cov noog. Nruab nrab ntawm lawv tus kheej, lawv nyob peacefully. 
Lub zog
Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov nqaij qaib yog los muab kev noj zaub mov zoo. Ntawm chav kawm, peb yuav tsum nqa mus rau hauv tus account lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov tsiaj.
Qaib
Yog tias koj muaj qaib, npaj kom txhij rau lawv noj 12 teev tom qab yug me nyuam.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Hauv thawj hnub xya hnub ntawm lub neej, qaib yuav tsum tau pub txhua txhua ob xuab moos, tab txawm thaum tsaus ntuj. Ua ntej yuav mus pw, xyuas lawv cov tshis - lawv yuav tsum ua kom tiav, tsis li pub rau cov me nyuam nyias nyias.
Thawj cov kws paub cov khoom noj khoom haus pom zoo ua cov pob kws grits me ntsis hauv av; Koj muaj peev xwm ces muab boiled yolk tov nrog qhuav semolina. Cov zaub ntsuab tsis raug mob - piv txwv, nettle, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau muab tais ua ntej. Nws kuj tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb rau cov qaib ntawm lub hnub nyoog no (pib).
Tom qab ob peb hnub, cov laus dua chicks xav tau ntau dua ntau yam khoom nojuas muaj xws li:
- cereals (nplej, barley);
- qos yaj ywm thiab carrots, pre-boiled thiab grated;
- finely tws ntsuab dos;
- fermented mis nyuj khoom - kefir los tsev cheese;
- pub rau chickens, raws li lub hnub nyoog.
Tsis tas li ntawd, kev noj haus tsis hloov ntau ntau, tsuas yog qhia cov hom cereals tshiab, soaked cij, boiled ntses. Cov naj npawb ntawm cov khoom noj txom nyem maj mam txo los ntawm xya mus txog yim mus rau tsib zaug hauv ib hnub.
Thaum tus me nyaum qaib yog ib lub hlis, lawv yuav tsum tau noj cov qoob loo - thawj, coarse, thiab tom qab ob lub lim tiam thiab tag nrho. Thaum lub hnub nyoog no, lawv twb taug kev hauv txoj kev nrog zaum thiab lub hauv paus, yog li ntawd cov zaub ntsuab tsim nyog.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Npaj cov qaib nrog txhua txhua hnub ntawm cov dej tshiab nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj thiab ib qho kev faib tawm nrog mos zoo gravel, xuab zeb, thiab shredded shells.
Los ntawm peb lub hlis laus zus qaib qaib yog kis mus rau ib tug neeg laus noj, tab sis cov khoom noj tau muab 4 zaug ntxiv ib hnub.
Adult tiam
Cov neeg laus livenives tsis nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov xav tau ntawm cov khoom noj, tab sis nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau tus noog kom nyob twj ywm noj qab nyob zoo thiab ua tau, kev noj haus yuav tsum yog balanced. Chickens yuav tsum tau pub 3 zaug ib hnub twg. Thiab txij li thaum lawv muaj nuj nqis nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si hauv cov nqaij thiab cov qe, nws yuav yooj yim rau cov tswv kom cov qaib ntawm npaj txhij-ua txau. Tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev. 
Yog li, koj tuaj yeem noj tau raws li hauv qab no:
- Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov, qhov zoo tshaj plaws cov khoom noj yuav yog qhov uas cov noog yuav pom hauv qab lawv ko taw. Thiab qhov no yog ib qho txawv ntsuab nyom, noob thiab kab.
- Nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, koj yuav tsum ua hauj lwm kom muab cov qaib nrog kev noj zaub mov zoo. Koj tuaj yeem siv ntau hom npaj txhij, ua kom tiav, tab sis nco ntsoov muaj vitamin tshuaj - piv txwv li, cov qoob loo ntawm cov cereals ntau. Koj tuaj yeem npaj cov dej qab ntsev los ntawm cov taub dag, cov qos yaj ywm, carrots thiab muab cov nqaij thiab zaub pov tseg, tab sis tsuas yog hauv daim ntawv hau.
Qee cov poultry farmers npaj ntub mash rau lawv cov nqaij qaib ua teb, uas pub cov noog ob lub caij ntuj no thiab lub caij ntuj sov. Lawv yog los ntawm cov khoom noj nyoos thiab qhuav: qos yaj ywm, finely chopped zaub ntsuab, soaked nyob rau hauv qaub mis nyuj, av chalk, plhaub pob zeb, carrots thiab tshiab cabbage.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Thaum ntub mash lawm muab rau lub caij ntuj so, lawv yuav tsum nyob rau hauv cov pub rau tsis pub ntev tshaj peb teev. Tom qab ntawd, cov seem seem pov tseg, thiab cov tais diav tau muab ntxuav kom huv si. Txwv tsis pub, lom yuav tsis raug zam.
Kab mob thiab cov hau kev ntawm kev lis kev cai nrog lawv
Qhov xwm tau muab cov neeg txom nyem ua zoo tiv thaiv, yog li ntawd lawv tsis heev raug rau cov kab mob. Tab sis qhov no yog ua raws li tag nrho cov tseev kom muaj rau kev saib xyuas. 
Kev tiv thaiv ntawm ntau yam kab mob kis tau yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev. Tus tswv yuav tsum:
- tiv thaiv kev sib cuag nrog cov noog qus xws li cov nquab thiab cov noog;
- tsis tu ncua cov kab mob qoob loo siv cov tshuaj hydrogen peroxide, iodine thiab chlorine;
- txhua hnub hloov dej nyob rau hauv haus bowls;
- xyuas cov plumage ntawm cov noog txhua ob lub lim tiam kom paub cov kab mob sab nraud;
- saib xyuas tus cwj pwm ntawm cov noog - lub slightest hloov yuav tsum alarming.
Nyob rau ntawm lub slightest suspicion ntawm ib tug kab mob nyob rau hauv koj cov tsiaj, nws yog ib qhov zoo tshaj plaws los mus sab laj ib tug veterinarian. Nws yuav tsim ib qho kev kuaj mob thiab muab tswv yim rau kev siv cov tshuaj.
Nyeem kuj txog cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob ntawm chickens: salmonellosis, pasteurellosis, coccidiosis, mycoplasmosis, conjunctivitis, Newcastle thiab Marek kab mob, cov kab mob ntawm lub qhov muag thiab ob txhais ceg.
Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo
Nyob rau hauv xaus, peb muab tag nrho cov pros thiab cons ntawm liven hens.
Lawv cov kev pab muaj xws li:
- unpretentious mus rau lub caij nyoog ntawm txim;
- tsis txhob hla cov khoom noj thiab nce nyhav zoo;
- muab cov qe zoo hauv cov pluas hnyav thiab nqaij nrog zoo heev saj;
- hens nqa qe txawm nyob rau lub caij ntuj no; dhau li ntawm no, lawv yog cov zoo hens thiab tu cov leej niam.
Thiab cov kev tsis zoo yog raws li nram no:
- aggressiveness ntawm nyob Cockerels rau lwm cov nqaij qaib;
- tsawg faib, uas yog vim li cas nws yog qhov nyuaj heev rau nrhiav tau me nyaum qaib rau yug me nyuam.
Xyuas on yug liven nqaij qaib
Tam sim no koj paub ntau txog qhov txawv txawv yug - Liven hens. Lawv tshwm sim dhau ib puas xyoo dhau los, thiab tom qab ntawd tau ploj mus. Tab sis txawm nws tau ua kom rov zoo dua tus noog uas ploj lawm tseem tsis tau paub.
