Los ntawm xyoo mus rau xyoo, muaj coob tus neeg nyob hauv lub caij ntuj sov thiab cov neeg tuaj yeem nrhiav cov qos yaj ywm tshiab uas muaj peev xwm ua tau raws lawv cov kev xav tau zoo tshaj plaws: siab yields, zoo tshaj plaws saj, kev saib xyuas tsis pom zoo, kev loj hlob sai thiab lub neej ntev txee. Qos yaj ywm ntau yam "Krasa" txaus siab yuav luag txhua yam khoom noj saum toj no, yog li ntawd, peb txiav txim siab los qhia rau koj txog ntau yam zoo li no.
Txog ntau yam xaiv
Qhov no qos ntau yam yog bred los ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws European breeders. Nyob rau hauv lub txee ntawm lub khws, "Krasa" tshwm nyob rau hauv 2000s, tom qab uas nws muaj nyob rau ntau lub teb chaws kis. Ntxiv mus, qhov no ntau yog ib qho ntawm ob peb uas tau ua haujlwm zoo nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws uas txaus ntshai ntawm Siberia.
Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws CIS, lub tuam txhab "SeedEra" yog koom tes hauv kev faib rau "Krasa" qos yaj ywm, uas nws cov ceg nyob hauv qee thaj tsam hauv Ukraine, thiab nyob rau hauv qhov nrov Suav metropolis - Shanghai.
Koj puas paub? Lub birthplace ntawm qos yaj ywm yog South America.
Botanical piav qhia
Cov yam ntxwv dav dav ntawm ntau yam coincide nrog botanical piav qhia ntawm lwm yam nroj tsuag ntawm genus Pasalin. 
Bushes
Shrubs yog tsim moderately sprawling, haib, erect. Lub qia qhov yog loj heev, vim yog cov caj ces (chiv nrog nitrogenous cheebtsam tuaj yeem ua rau lub fact tias lub caij nplooj ntoo loj tuaj txawm ntau loj heev). On loj teb, qhov twg kev saib xyuas ntawm qos yaj ywm yog automated thiab caag, qhov ntev ntawm lub tua tau ncav cuag 70 cm.
Koj yuav ntshe yuav txaus siab nyeem txog qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov qos yaj ywm thiab qos yaj ywm paj.
Cov ntawv txheeb raug tsim tawm ntawm cov kab tua ib leeg, muaj 3-7 lob kw, yog pleev xim rau hauv lub yeeb yam tsaus ntuj xim. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog ntau-seeded, zoo li tus zoo li ib tug me me immature lws suav. Lub paj yog sau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug shield nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm lub tua. 
Tubers
Nrog tu, txog li 6-8 qoob loo cov qoob loo yog tsim nyob rau hauv txhua bush. Tag nrho qhov ceeb thawj ntawm tubers muaj peev xwm ncav cuag 300-400 g. Tubers muaj ib lub voos pob txha oblong, uas muaj cov tawv tuab tuab. Cov xim ntawm daim tawv nqaij nws txawv ntawm lub teeb liab kom raspberry liab.
Tubers muaj ib co qab ntxiag zoo. Siab saj zoo tsim nyog siv Krasa qos yaj ywm rau ntau lub hom phiaj ua noj: kib, kub nyhiab, ci, stewing.
Cov nqaij yog ntom, crunchy, muaj ib lub teeb daj ntxoov ntxoo. Starch cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv tubers yog 15-19%. Qhov muag me ntsis mus tob rau hauv paus, thaum lawv muaj xim nplaum. 
Ib co nta ntawm ntau yam
Breeders ua kom paub tseeb tias cov tshiab ntau yam hauv paus zaub tau ceeb ci nta iab, zoo li cov kev hloov txawv txav.
Disease tsis kam
Lub tuam txhab "SeedEra" tshaj tawm hais tias lub qos "Krasa" muaj peev xwm ua rau tag nrho cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob hu ua fungal diseases uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov tub ntxhais hluas ntawm Pasan. Txawm li cas los xij, kab tsuag yuav tau tua lawv tus kheej.
Tawm tsam Colorado qos beetle yuav tsum tau sprayed nrog tshuaj (tshuaj tua kab, insecticides).
Yuav kom tiv thaiv lub Colorado qos beetle, insecticides xws li Regent, Nyob rau hauv, Prestige, Iskra Zolotaya, Corado, Aktara, Launch, Calypso, Karbofos, Commander, Tanrek, Nemabakt, Xob laim.
Ripening thiab tawm los
Cov kev qhia no yuav ncaj qha nyob ntawm seb muaj kev mob loj npaum li cas, thaj chaw koog cheeb tsam thiab kev kho kom zoo ntawm ntau yam. "Kev zoo nkauj" yog ib qho nruab nrab thaum ntxov, thiab thawj qoob loo tshwm sim hauv 80-100 hnub tom qab cog. Qhov nruab nrab tawm los ntawm ib hectare yog 400-450 centners.
Nruab nrab thaum ntxov ripening kuj characteristic ntawm qos ntau yam zoo li Adretta, Ua siab loj, Sante, Ilyinsky, Rodrigo, Colombo.
Recumbency
Thaum cia cov neeg mob tau ntsib, qhov ua kom zoo ntawm ntau yam yog siab. Cov hauv paus qoob loo muaj peev xwm muab khaws cia rau txog 6 lub hlis (nyob rau hauv lub cellar, ntawm tsawg kub thiab nruab nrab av noo). Kws txawj ntse hais tias lub peev xwm cia ntawm Krasa ntau yam yog 95%.
Tsav cov cai
Cov tawm los ntawm qos yaj ywm yuav nyob ntawm seb qhov tseeb ntawm cog. Thaum lub sij hawm cog hauj lwm, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los xaiv txoj cai av, thov fertilizer, xaiv qhov chaw siab thiab ua tib zoo npaj lub tsev kawm ntawv. 
Sijhawm
Yuav kom cog no ntau yam ntawm qos yaj ywm hauv qhib av yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm seedlings los yog tubers. Noob rau seedlings yog sown nyob rau hauv lig Lub peb hlis ntuj - thaum ntxov Lub Plaub Hlis Ntuj. Lub seedling yog khaws cia nyob rau hauv ib chav tsev sov, raug rau qhov tsim nyog thiab qib siab mob rau kev kho mob.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Qhov loj tshaj sau ntawm ntau yam "Krasa" yuav nyob zoo-aerated xau nrog ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov potassium thiab nitrogen nyob rau hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Nyob rau hauv lub qhib av "Kev Zoo Nkauj" cog nyob rau hauv lig Plaub Hlis Ntuj (cheeb tsam yav qab teb) los yog thaum ntxov mus txog rau nruab nrab-May. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom to taub tias thaum lub caij tsaws, hmo ntuj yuav tsum ploj mus, thiab qhov nruab nrab txhua hnub yuav tsum tsis txhob poob hauv qab + 7 ° C (piv txwv li, thaum nruab hnub + 15 ° C, thaum tsaus ntuj - + 4 ° C, nruab nrab txhua hnub - + 9.5 ° C). 
Nws tseem yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account lub xeev ntawm ua kom sov li cov av txheej. Cov kws kho mob pom tias cov av yuav tsum tau rhaub tsawg kawg yog ib nrab ntawm ib qho chaw sib sib zog nqus, thiab nws qhov nruab nrab kub kub yuav tsum siab dua los ntawm 7-10 ° S ntawm xoom.
Xaiv qhov chaw
Rau cog "Krasa", zoo aerated xau, los ntawm cov pa oxygen tau dawb taug kev, zoo tshaj plaws haum. Cov no muaj dub av, dej nyab, xau av, loamy thiab av xuab zeb. Nws tsis pom zoo rau cog qos yaj ywm hauv cov pits, qhov los yog lwm qhov chaw tawm.
Peb qhia koj kom paub txog cov hom av li cas, zoo li nws nyob ntawm seb thiab yuav ua li cas thiaj txhim kho av av.
Qhov tseeb yog hais tias nyob rau hauv xws li qhov chaw noo noo feem ntau stagnates, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Ntau dhau ntawm kev ya raws tuaj yeem ua rau kev siv cov tshuaj tso rau hauv tubers. Ntxiv mus, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum taug qab cov theem hauv av tshwm sim. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thaum av nkag mus hauv av tsis muaj ze li 100 cm ntawm cov av. 
Txwv tsis pub, lub qos yaj ywm yuav tsum tau muab cog rau hauv lub ridges ntawm ib qhov siab ntawm 15-20 cm. Qos bushes zoo li lit qhov chaw, tab sis tsis zoo siab gusty cua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub sab qaum teb.
Koj puas paub? Muaj ntau yam ntawm cov qos yaj ywm nrog xiav tawv thiab pulp (Linzer Blaue).
Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los cog cov "Kev Zoo Tshaj" nyob rau yav qab teb los yog southeastern qhov chaw siab tshaj, qhov twg los ntawm qaum teb thiab sab qaum teb-sab sab qaum cov nroj tsuag siab yuav muab pov hwm cov qos yaj ywm los ntawm cua. Raws li rau qoob loo rotation ntawm qos yaj ywm, nws yog ib qhov nyuaj heev ua raws li lub tswv yim ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm kev lag luam qoob loo.
Kawm ntxiv txog zaub cov qoob loo.
Cov kws txawj pom zoo kom hloov qhov chaw cog qos yaj ywm txhua 3-4 xyoo, tab sis qee zaus nws yuav tsis yooj yim vim qhov tseeb hais tias cov neeg muaj cov cheeb tsam no dhau lawm. Txawm li cas los, qhov tseeb tseem nyob, thiab sim ua raws li cov lus pom zoo koj xav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim nws yuav coj koj zoo yields ntawm paus zaub. 
Los ntawm txoj kev, zoo forerunners ntawm qos yaj ywm yog:
- nyias;
- cucumbers;
- legumes;
- taub dag;
- dos;
- radish
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias thaum qos yog cog nyob rau tib qho chaw rau ntau tshaj 5 xyoos ua ke, ntau yam kab mob-pests ntawm hauv paus qoob loo accumulate nyob rau hauv cov av. Nws yog vim li no qhov ntawm 30 mus rau 70% ntawm cov qoob loo yog kev txom nyem.
Av npaj
Cov theem no tseem ceeb heev, thiab nyob hauv cov lus qhia ua kauj ruam yog nws zoo li qhov no:
- Npaj cov av pib lub caij nplooj zeeg. Cov zaj duab xis xaiv rau cog yog khawb, tag nrho cov nroj tsuag thiab khib nyiab tshaj tawm raug tshem tawm.
- Complex pob zeb hauv av chiv yog thov mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv nrog lub obligatory muaj ntawm poov tshuaj, phosphorus thiab nitrogen nyob rau hauv cov composition ntawm lub tebchaw.
- Nws kuj tseem pom zoo kom ua cov organic chiv rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm humus, rotted manure los yog peat.
- Thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav, daim duab yuav tsum rov qab khawb. Fertilizers tsis tas yuav tsum tau ua (yog tias koj tsis noj rau hauv cov nyiaj ntxiv ntawm cov zaub mov thaum cog ntawm cov qoob loo paus).
Kev npaj ntawm cog cov khoom
Los ntawm qhov zoo tsim ntawm cog cov ntaub ntawv yuav nyob ntawm seb cov degree ntawm germination ntawm plantings. Thiab tsis muaj teeb meem li cas koj cog qos yaj ywm (seedlings los yog tubers).
Yees duab: yuav ua li cas npaj cov qos yaj ywm rau cog Cov txheej txheem theem ntawm-theem-theem ntawm kev npaj qos yaj ywm rau cog yog raws li nram no:
- 10 hnub ua ntej pib ntawm cog, lub qos yaj ywm yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm los ntawm cia thiab muab tso rau hauv ib qho chaw sov.
- Tsi cov qos yaj ywm (xaiv cov tsis muaj qhov tsim nyog tubers thiab discard).
- Txhim kho cov khoom cog nrog fungicides ("Alirin-B", "Binoram", "Albit").
- Kho lub tubers nrog tshauv. Txoj kev no tso cai rau koj los tiv thaiv cov khoom cog los ntawm cov kab mob yav tom ntej thiab kab tsuag, thiab ntxiv kom muaj cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hauv cov hauv paus cag.
- Yog hais tias cog yuav nqa tawm los ntawm ib tug seedling txoj kev, kev kho mob ntawm bushes nrog fungicides thiab ashes kuj tsim nyog.
Tsaws qauv
Cov Pits rau cog qos yaj ywm "Krasa" yuav tsum tau muab khi rau ntawm qhov chaw mos, qhov tob no yuav ntau dua. Nitrophoska thiab / los yog 300 g ntawm humus raug coj mus rau hauv qab ntawm cog fossa. 
Txhua lub qhov nrog cog cov khoom yuav tsum tau watered nrog ib tug liter ntawm dej sov. Qhov deb ntawm lub landings nyob rau hauv kab yog 35-40 cm. Qhov deb ntawm kab yuav tsum 60-70 cm.
Yuav tu li cas
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias yog hais tias koj cog seedlings nyob rau hauv qhib hauv av, ces nyob rau ntawm kev pheej hmoo ntawm rov qab tsaus frosts, lub plantation yuav tsum tau them nrog spanbond los yog zaj duab xis. Lub vaj tse yuav tiv thaiv cov nroj tsuag tseem qaug zog los ntawm kev hloov hauv cov kub. Tshav ntuj hnub sov sov yuav tau muab tshem tawm.
Watering
Hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj nag lossis ntau zaus (ntau tshaj 400 hli toj ib xyoo, feem ntau ntawm cov caij nyoog hauv lub caij ntuj sov), cov dej tsis tas yuav tsum tau.
Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam nrog ib tug qhuav kub lub caij ntuj sov, qhov twg dej nag nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm los nag tsis yuav cai rau lub lim piam, dej ntawm qos bushes yuav tsum tau ua txhua txhua 2 hnub. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los ncuav tawm 2-3 liv dej nyob rau hauv txhua bush. 
Sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws
Chiv yog siv ob zaug thaum lub sij hawm tag nrho loj hlob rau lub caij. Thawj noj yog nqa tawm ua ntej flowering, ob - tom qab nws tiav.
Raws li fertilizer, koj muaj peev xwm siv ib tug noog droppings, herbal extract (npaj nyob rau ntawm txhua yam ntawm cov nroj tsuag loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub site), urea, pob zeb hauv av ua chiv. Tam sim ntawd tom qab hnav khaub ncaws, lub bushes nrog paus zaub yuav tsum tau watered abundantly.
Weeding thiab loosening cov av
Ntsuag weeds xav tau thaum lawv loj tuaj. Txoj kev ua haujlwm no tseem ceeb heev thiab yuav tsum tau nqa tawm tsawg kawg 3 zaug hauv ib lub caij. Cov qoob loo ntxiv ntawm lub chaw rub tawm tag nrho cov as-ham los ntawm cov av, muab nws thiab ua kev puas tsuaj rau cov hauv paus hniav.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Sprouts nyob rau hauv tubers yuav tsum tau germinate vertically, pub kom lub sunrises yuav tau raug.
Loosening yog nqa tawm sai sai tom qab dej. Yog hais tias cov av tsis tau loosened, ces nws yuav pib thicken, aeration yuav significantly txo, lub keeb kwm yuav pib fade tsis txaus oxygen. Loosening yuav tsum tau superficial, vim kev puas tsuaj rau tubers yog tsis tsim nyog.
Tam sim ntawd tom qab loosening cov av yuav mulched nplooj, straw, los yog ib tug nyias txheej ntawm peat. Mulch pab kom khaws noo noo nyob rau hauv cov av (tseem ceeb thaum lub sij hawm qhuav lub caij ntuj sov).
Hilling
Hilling yuav tsum pib thaum qhov ntev ntawm lub tua ncav 15 cm nyob rau hauv qhov siab. Qhov thib ob hilling yog nqa tawm 3 lub lis piam tom qab thawj zaug. Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau xaiv lub caij huab cua rau txoj kev zoo li no: nyiam sov cua kub, nruab nrab av, tsis los nag.
Peb xav kom koj paub koj tus kheej nrog rau cov cai ntawm hilling qos yaj ywm.
Hilling yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua thaum sawv ntxov los yog yav tsaus ntuj. Rau cov txheej txheem zoo li no, koj tuaj yeem siv taug kev-qab tsheb laij teb, lub disc hiller los yog ib txwm hoe.
Nws yuav pab tau rau cov tswv cuab ntawm motoblocks nyeem txog yuav ua li cas spud qos yaj ywm nrog lub motoblock, zoo li yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau tus excavator rau cov qos yaj ywm los ntawm lub qub tsheb kauj vab.
Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv
Qos yaj ywm "Krasa" nyob rau ntawm qib caj ces yog tiv thaiv los ntawm ntau yam kab mob thiab cov kab mob fungal. Tias yog vim li cas thiaj tiv thaiv kev kho mob tsis tuaj yeem nqa tawm. Nyob rau hauv ntau zaus, koj tuaj yeem siv cov tshuaj tua kab los yog cov fungicides. Thaum lub sij hawm invasion ntawm Colorado qos beetle, tua raug kho nrog herbicides los yog tshuaj tua kab.
Harvesting thiab cia
Harvesting pib ntawm 85-100 hnub tom qab cog. Feem ntau qhov no yog qhov pib-nruab nrab ntawm lub yim hli ntuj. Tom qab harvesting, lub tubers yuav tsum tau sorted: tawm ib yam rau cog, discard ib yam dab tsi (rotten thiab puas), tus so yuav tsum muab tso tawm rau cia. 
Kom cov qos yaj ywm ntev, cov kws txawj pom zoo kom ua nws nrog ib tug qaug zog daws ntawm tooj liab sulfate. Khaws tubers yuav tsum nyob rau hauv ib lub txias, moderately ntub, zoo dua - qhuav qhov chaw.
Rau ib ntev lub sij hawm, nws yog customary mus khaws qos yaj ywm hauv ntoo thawv nyob rau hauv lub cellar, qhov twg huab cua kub nws txawv los ntawm +2 rau +4 ° S. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom to taub tias kub dua yuav ua rau tubers mus rau sprout, ib sab qis yuav ua rau lub qos yaj ywm kom deteriorate.
Muaj zog thiab qaug zog
Qhov zoo ntawm ntau yam "Krasa":
- tolerates drought thiab me me mechanical puas tsuaj tsis muaj teeb meem;
- siab thiab ruaj khov;
- zoo tu zoo;
- tsis kam mus rau cov kab mob loj varietal;
- luam tiab thiab saj ntawm qib siab;
- tus luj loj ntawm tubers thaum ripe.
Gardeners thiab agronomists tsis nco qab qhov tsis zoo qualities ntawm qos "Krasa". Raws li cov cai tswj hwm rau kev saib xyuas, 99% ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv lub caij ntuj sov txaus siab rau qhov sau qoob.
Koj puas paub? Thawj cov zaub uas cog hauv qhov chaw yog qos yaj ywm. Thiab qhov no tau ua tiav rau xyoo 1995.
Thaum kawg, kuv xav nco ntsoov tias lub qos ntau yam Krasa yog zoo meej rau cog hauv txhua cheeb tsam ntawm CIS lub teb chaws. Ib daim ntawv teev cov kev ua tau zoo thiab tsis muaj teeb meem ua rau ntau yam ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv lub caij ntuj sov.
