Ntawm qhov loj loj ntau ntawm nceb ntawm peb lub ntiaj chaw muaj ib hom kab rov tav, uas yog paub tsuas yog mus rau cov neeg paub txog cov nceb. Ntsib - nws yog cockerels. Lawv tau txais lub npe zoo li no vim tias lawv saj nyiam nqaij qaib nqaij. Tom ntej, peb yuav qhia rau koj seb cov cockerels zoo, qhov twg lawv loj hlob, yuav ua li cas sau lawv thiab yuav ua li cas zoo tshaj plaws los npaj rau lub caij ntuj no.
Lwm lub npe
Lub npe ntawm cov npe cockerels yog ib lub tsho ntawm annular. Nws yog tsuas sawv cev ntawm European hom ntawm fungi ntawm genus Rozites, uas yog qee zaus muaj nyob rau hauv lub genus Web. Nyob rau hauv Latin nws lub npe yog sau Rozites caperatus. 
Muaj kuj yog ib qho kev qhia ua ke - cov qaib mushroom, thiab ntau tus nrov nicknames uas cov neeg nyob hauv thaj tsam sib txawv muab rau nws:
- dawb warrior
- dull rosites,
- Turk,
- cap,
- greenfinch,
- sandbox grey,
- sapling
Koj puas paub? Nyob rau hauv Swiss national park ntawm lub nroog ntawm Ofenpass nce mushroom mushroom nrog thaj chaw ntawm ntau football teb - 800 m ntev thiab 500 m dav. Yeej, tag nrho cov chaw no yog nyob ntawm nws cov mycelium, zais hauv qab av thiab muaj ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm cov tuab tuab ntawm lub cev (cov filaments).
Txaus Siab
Cockerels yog edible, Ntxiv mus, noj qab haus huv thiab nce nceb. Nyob rau hauv Western Europe yog xam lav delicacies.
Kev txheeb raws roj ntsha
Yog li ntawd koj muaj ib lub tswv yim tseeb ntawm lub txiaj ntsim ntawm lub hav zoov, ntawm no yog ib qho kev piav qhia txog kev txheeb li biological yam ntxwv ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev ntawm cov txiv neej.
Qhia koj tus kheej nrog cov av qoob loo ntawm cov nceb.
Lub kaus mom
Lub kaus mom zoo li no:
- Nyob hauv thawj txoj kev loj hlob, nws yog hemispherical, zoo li lub qe qe, nrog nws npoo cia thiab nres.
- Zuj zus tuaj, nws yuav yog lub rooj sib haum sab nrauv, nrog rau cov npoo ntawm sab saud, me me hump saum toj. Yog hais tias lub caij no kub, qhov sawv ntawm lub hau tawg.
- Nyob rau hauv ib tug paub tab cockerel, daim tawv nqaij yuav wrinkled thiab fibrous, them nrog ib tug Bloom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv dawb hmoov.
- Thaum nws loj tuaj, cov xim ntawm lub hau yuav txawv ntawm silvery dawb mus rau daj-liab dawb-xim av.
- Qhov lub cheeb ntawm lub hau ntawm cockerels yog los ntawm 5 mus rau 12 centimeters.
Pulp
Lub puab txheej ntawm lub cev txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo li no:
- Cov quav sib luag, dej khov, muaj fibers.
- Yellowish los yog whitish hauv xim.
- Ntawm cov xim uas tsis tau hloov tsis hloov.
- Qhov tsis hnov tsw yog qab ntxiag, nceb.
- Kev saj yog zoo li nqaij qaib.
- Tej zaum yuav cuam tshuam los ntawm cua nab.
Cov ntaub ntawv
Tig lub fungus thiab saib nyob rau hauv nws lub hau, koj tuaj yeem pom ntau ntawm nyias daim paib ntawm cov hnav roj hmab txuas nrog nws txhais ceg. Cov xim ntawm daim hlau hloov nrog lub sij hawm:
- Dawb los yog daj - nyob rau hauv ib tug hluas fungus.
- Tom qab qhib lub hau, cov phiaj pib daj.
- Thaum lub caij ua si, cov xim ntawm daim hlau hloov ntawm daj mus rau xeb.
- Nws yog ochre-rusty ntxoov ntxoo ntawm daim ntawv qhia tau ntxim nyiam mushroom uas cais nws tawm ntawm cov neeg ua phem lom, uas nws daim phiaj nyob twj ywm dawb.
Spore hmoov
Cov kaab mob yog ovoid los yog ellipsoid. Hmoov los ntawm cov kabmob ripened spores yoojyim hawj pob zeb rau ntawm txhais tes.
Ceg
Qhov no nceb taw yog qhov pom zoo.
- Nws muaj ib hom cylindrical; thickened ntawm lub hauv paus, nws tsa ceg ntawm ib tug Amanita.
- Muaj ib lub cortina (membrane), uas, thaum tawg, tsim ib lub nplhaib uas fits tightly mus rau ceg.
- Qhov saum npoo yog zuaj ntawm lub hauv paus thiab nrog nyias nplai nyob rau sab qaum.
- Cov xim nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm ob txhais ceg saum toj no yog daj ntseg daj, qhov qis dua ntawm qhov xim khaus ntau dua.
Koj puas paub? Thaum lub sij hawm ua kom nquag plias, mob ntsws vim yog turgor (intracellular) siab uas lawv ncav cuag lub sijhawm no 7 atmospheres, peev xwm ntawm nkag mus tsis yog tsuas yog pob zeb pavement, tab sis kuj hlau los yog marble. Tib theem siab yog txhaj rau hauv lub log ntawm kaum-tawb dump truck.
Qhov chaw loj hlob thiab thaum twg koj tuaj yeem sau tau
Ntiv nplhaib cap - ib qho nceb loj. Nws tuaj yeem nrhiav tau ntawm cov European thiab Asian continents, zoo li hauv Canada, Tebchaws Asmeskas, thiab Nyij Pooj. Cov nceb no zoo heev ntawm cov huab cua hnyav ntawm Lapland, thiab lub Lavxias teb sab tundra, uas lawv nyob hauv elfin birch ntoo thiab hauv cov hav dej (ntawm lwm lub npe rau lawv yog tus saib xyuas). Lub swamps ntawm Belarus tseem yuav rau lawv liking.
Nws yuav nthuav kom paub tias cov nceb loj hlob nyob rau hauv Volgograd, Saratov, Leningrad, Kaliningrad cheeb tsam thiab Bashkiria.
Feem ntau lawv nyob hauv cov cheeb tsam mountainous, uas lawv pom ntawm qhov chaw siab txog li 2 txhiab. Lawv nyiam xau yog qaub, noo, podzolic, on uas coniferous thiab tov forests loj hlob. Tsis tas li ntawm cov chaw no feem ntau lingonberries thiab blueberries yog pom, yog li yog hais tias koj stumble thaum ib tug thicket ntawm xws li bushes, nws txhais tau hais tias lub roosters yog ib qhov twg nyob ze. Lawv loj hlob ntau heev, ntau pawg compact. 
Lub sij hawm ntawm lawv cov sau - los ntawm thawj hnub ntawm Lub Xya hli ntuj kom txog thaum thawj Frost. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los khaws cov roosters nrog los ntawm ib tug paub mushroom picker uas yuav muaj peev xwm paub qhov txawv ntawm cov nceb los ntawm poisonous counterparts heev uas zoo sib xws rau lawv. Hais txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov cockerel edible thiab lom fungus - nyeem hauv qab no.
Yuav ua li cas nceb yuav tsis meej pem
Ringed cap yuav tsis meej pem nrog cov qos yaj ywm hauv cov kab laug sab Spiderweb. Txawm li cas los, cov khoom noj tau muaj qhov sib txawv heev - muaj ib lub voj voos puv tag nrho ntawm lawv txhais ceg, uas cov tshuaj lom no tsis muaj. Lawv tuaj yeem pom ntawm ceg uas tsuas yog cov seem me me ntawm lub txaj. Qee zaum cov txiv neej tsis meej pem nrog toadstool lossis nceb.
Nrhiav kom paub seb dab tsi muaj cov khoom hauv lub cev uas muaj cov yoov tshaj plaws.
Yog li ntawd koj tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm cov kev sib piv, qhov no yog ob peb yam tseem ceeb:
| Lub npe ntawm lub fungus | Lub kaus mom | Cov ntaub ntawv | Ceg |
| Cockerel | silvery-dawb rau daj-liab-xim av | Txuas mus rau ceg, ochre-xeb xim | Nyob ntawm lub hauv paus nws tsis muaj ib lub me me, me ntsis thickened nyob rau ntawm lub hauv paus. |
| Amanita | Dawb, muaj ib tus ntxhiab tsis hnov tsw | Sib cais los ntawm qia, lub teeb liab | Nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug tuber, ncig los ntawm cheholchik. Muaj lub dav, drooping nplhaib |
| Ntshe grebe | Dawb xim | Separated los ntawm ob txhais ceg, dawb | Swollen nyob rau ntawm lub hauv paus, nrog cheholchik. Muaj lub nplhaib dawb |
Amanita
Yuav siv li cas hauv kev ua noj ua haus
Cov txiv neej nyob rau hauv txoj kev npaj gastronomic yog universal, lawv tuaj yeem noj txhua hom.
Saj
Cov nceb no muaj ib qho tshwj xeeb, muag heev, ib qho tshwj xeeb saj peculiar rau lawv xwb. Ua tsaug rau lawv delicious saj, lub lauj kaub tais diav los ntawm rooster yog reminiscent ntawm kev sib tw qaib. Nrog lawv cov khoom noj khoom haus, lawv tsis inferior txawm mus rau champignons.
Nyeem ntxiv txog yuav ua li cas kom loj hlob nceb nyob rau hauv lub tsev thiab dab tsi yog kev siv ntawm kev siv ntawm nceb.
Dab tsi tsim rau
Lub universality ntawm cockerels yog pom nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias lawv yuav npaj tau nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev:
- Marinate rau lub caij ntuj no.
- Kom qhuav.
- Fry.
- Stew.
- Salted.
- Boil nyob rau hauv lub kua zaub.
- Ua raws li cov khoom muaj nyob hauv solyanka.
Lawv yog qhov sib xyaw nrog cov zaub, nqaij, thiab txuj lom. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws mus saj yog lub kaus mom ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas fungi. Yog hais tias fungus yog qub, nrog ib tug hardened ceg, nws yog zoo dua mus tso tseg nws, txawm tias nws tsis yog wormy.Npaum li cas ua noj
Qee cov gourmets nyiam npau cockerels ua ntej kib los yog khawm rau lawv. Lwm cov neeg nyiam kev lom zem tuaj yeem nyiam kib tshiab. Ob qho tag nrho cov kev xaiv yog xam tau tias yog tus nceb loj hlob hauv cheeb tsam thaj chaw zoo nkauj. Yog tias koj xaiv thawj qhov kev xaiv, ces koj yuav tsum tau ua hauv 3 kauj ruam, txhua zaus muab dej thiab txua ib qho tshiab. Thiab tsis boil lawv rau ib lub sij hawm ntev - 5 feeb yog txaus txhua lub sijhawm. Ib qho ntawm qhov laj thawj yog vim li cas nws thiaj li tauj kom boil lub nceb noj ob peb zaug yog xuab zeb daig ntawm cov paib.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nws yog zoo dua tsis tuaj nqa nceb nyob ze txoj kev thiab ua haujlwm nroj tsuag. Dua li ntawm qhov khoom noj khoom haus, qhov muaj cov teeb meem tshuaj nyob rau hauv lawv yog guaranteed.
Yuav ua li cas kom pickle
Peb muab rau koj xaiv ntawm ob recipes rau salting cockerels:
- Txoj kev txias - yuav cia koj sim cov zaub mov tsis pub dhau 40 hnub.
- Qhov kub tshaj plaws yog noj kom zoo tom qab lub pickles txias.
Cold Salted Nceb
Cov npe ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov tais diav:
- 10 kg ntawm cov txiv neej,
- 1 kg ntawm ntsev
- 1 lub hnab ntawm peas peas,
- 20 g clove blossoms,
- ob peb tug mauv ntawm dill nrog cov noob,
- dej txias - raws li xav tau
- oak txiag nrog lub voj voos nyob rau hauv lub yoke,
- kev tsim txom
- juniper ceg.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Yog tias koj pom hauv ib lub taub hau ntawm cov nceb, txawm tias muaj pwm tsawg tsawg, cov nceb no ua tsis tau noj. Nws yog qhov zoo dua rau pov lawv tawm.
Daim ntawv qhia ua qauj kauj ruam:
- Ua ntej tshaj, cov ntoo thooj yog steamed nrog juniper los rhuav tshem cov kab mob pliaj.
- Nws yog tsim nyog los ntxuav lub nceb thiab ncuav nyob rau hauv txheej nyob rau hauv ib lub thoob, ua ntej-ntsev txhua txheej. Ua li no, noj 2/3 ntawm cov ntsev tag nrho.
- Ncuav nceb nrog dej txias.
- Npog tus txheem ntawm lub thoob nrog ib lub voj voog ntoo.
- Muab tso rau ntawm lub voj voog ntawm kev tsim txom.
- Ua npuas dej yuav tshwm sim rau lub lim tiam kom raug muab tshem tawm.
- Tom qab ib lub limtiam salting, cov dej yuav tsum tau tag nrho cov dej ntws, muab lub nceb nyob rau hauv ib lub hnab ntim thiab yaug lub thoob.
- Nyob rau nram qab kawg ntawm lub thoob nteg dill.
- Muab cov nceb tso rau hauv txheej ntxiv thiab npog nrog ntsev ntxiv. Cov txuj lom thiab tshuaj ntsuab yuav tsum tau hloov dua tshiab.
- Ncuav nrog dej huv huv, npog nrog lub voj voos thiab muab qhov kev tsim txom.
- Salting yuav tsum tau muab khaws cia rau hauv ib lub pantry txias los yog cellar.
Salty cockerels kub (ceev) txoj kev
Cov khoom xyaw thiab cov khoom siv:
- 10 kg ntawm nceb,
- 150 grams ntsev
- 3 liv dej
- 4-6 pieces ntawm allspice peas,
- 3-5 clove inflorescences,
- 7-10 dub peppercorns,
- Bay nplooj (1 thooj ib thawv),
- 3-5 cloves ntawm qej (seem rau 1 lub thawv),
- 5 ib ncig ntawm dos (1 feem),
- cov kaus poom (1 l, 0.5 l),
- hlau npog.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nws tsis pom zoo rau boil hmoov tawm hauv marinade, lwm yam, es tsis txhob tsw, nws yuav ntxiv bitterness mus rau tag nrho pickle.
Daim ntawv qhia tsis sau npe:
- Yaug lub fungi kom huv si ntawm xuab zeb hauv dej ntws.
- Muab tso rau hauv ib lub saucepan thiab boil 3 zaug rau 5 feeb, hloov cov dej nrog ib tug tshiab.
- Pov nyob rau hauv ib tug colander thiab cia dej ntws.
- Boil 3 liv dej, ncuav ntsev thiab spices rau nws, ces sib tov thiab ncuav nceb.
- Boil cocks nyob rau hauv lub marinade rau 5 feeb.
- Nyob rau hauv lub sterilized jars muab qej, dos thiab Bay nplooj nyob rau hauv qab.
- Tshaj tawm cov cockerels uas tau npaj los ntawm cov kaus poom, ntxiv cov marinade.
- Qaws lub hau qej.
- Cia kom txias, ces ntxuav hauv qhov chaw txias.
Kawm kom tau li cas qos yaj ywm nceb rau lub caij ntuj no hauv cov tsev txhab nyiaj.
Mushroom blanks rau lub caij ntuj no tau yeej ib txwm raug xam tias yog delicacy. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias nws tus kheej sau thiab hlais txawv cov nceb noj yog ib qho txaus ntshai tsis zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv, tab sis kuj rau lub neej. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev ua yuam kev thaum raug cockerels, coj ib tug nceb mushroom nrog koj ntawm kev taug kev.
