Nyob rau xyoo kaum ob lub xyoos dhau los, txiv pos nphuab tau ua ib qho ntawm cov khoom noj rau peb lub rooj, tsis hais lub caij thiab lub caij nyoog, yog li muaj coob tus neeg niaj hnub niaj hnub tuaj yeem cog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo no. Qhov feem ntau hnyav nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm yog suav tias yog Dutch lub tshuab ntawm cultivation ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, raws li nws tso cai rau koj tau txais high-quality yields yuav luag tag nrho cov xyoo puag ncig. Niaj hnub no peb txiav txim siab mus rau teeb meem ntawm kev qhia ntawm kev loj hlob strawberries siv Dutch technology.
Tshuab nta
Lub essence ntawm Dutch technology rau loj hlob strawberries yog los tsim qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua tau rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo kev coj tus kheej thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo nrog tsawg heev dag zog thiab cov kev pab.
Qhov no yog tiav los ntawm xaiv high-yielding ntau yam thiab tsim ib qho kev nyab xeeb kev nyab xeeb tsoom fwv rau lawv. Rau qhov no, cov nroj tsuag tau cog hauv cov khoom cog paj nrog rau ib qho kev siv ntoo thiab siv chiv.
Koj puas paub? Strawberry yog tsuas yog Berry ntawm lub ntiaj teb, cov noob ntawm uas tsis nyob hauv, tab sis sab nraum lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Dutch cultivation technology ua rau nws ua tau npaj lub uninterrupted fruiting ntawm strawberries nyob rau hauv cia li ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm.
Kawm txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov paj ntoo ntau yam xws li Roxana, Cardinal, Tristan, Kama, Alba, Mara de Bois, Zib ntab, Cleary, Eliana, Maxim , "Poj huab tais", "Chamora Turusi", "Zenga Zengana", "Kimberly", "Malvina", "Success".Lub ntsiab zoo ntawm Dutch technology tshaj qhov kev cai ntawm kev loj hlob berries:
- lub peev xwm los cog cov nroj tsuag hauv tej ntim: vaj huam, khob, hnab, pallets, thiab lwm yam;
- tau siab tshaj plaws nrog cov cheeb tsam tsawg kawg;
- kev muaj peev xwm siv ob txoj kab hom thiab ntsug ntawm cog qoob loo;
- tsis tas yuav loj hlob berries nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb cov cheeb tsam: koj muaj peev xwm tau txais lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau windowsill, lawj thiab txawm nyob rau hauv lub chav nres tsheb;
- ua kom ruaj khov thiab siab yield rau txhua txhua 1.5-2 lub hlis, uas ua rau nws siv tau cov cuab yeej no rau kev lag luam;
- qhov zoo thiab saj cov yam ntxwv ntawm berries zus nyob rau hauv no txoj kev tsis zoo rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm cov kev cai;
- yooj yim thiab simplicity - tom qab tus txheej txheem tau raug tag nrho tsim, cov cuab yeej siv tsuas yog siv zog ua kom tsawg.
Cog ntau yam
Qhov xaiv ntawm ntau qib ntawm berries rau lub nruam qhuav ntawm high yields nyob rau hauv khoom neeg tsim kho mob yog ib tug yooj yim ua hauj lwm.
Yog hais tias koj txiav txim siab mus cog cov txiv pos nphuab raws li Dutch tshuab, yuav txiav txim siab tias ntau hom berries los tom ntej paj txaj yuav feem ntau yuav tsis nplua koj, vim hais tias cov txheej txheem yuav fruiting nyob rau hauv tsawg av tej yam kev mob.
Yog li ntawd, koj xaiv, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, yuav tsum tau nres ntawm remontant Strawberry ntau yam, uas muaj peev xwm ntawm ua nplua nuj yields nyob rau hauv tej av thiab climatic tej yam kev mob.
Lub remontant ntau yam ntawm strawberries muaj xws li "Albion", "Elizabeth 2", "Fresco".
Koj puas paub? Nyob rau hauv 1983, qhov loj tshaj plaws Strawberry twb tos. Cov neeg ua liaj ua teb los ntawm Roxton (teb chaws USA) muaj peev xwm loj hlob ib lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo 231 g, ntawm txoj kev, cov ntaub ntawv tsis tau tawg mus txog hnub no.Tsis tas li ntawd, peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab tias strawberry belongs rau flowering nroj tsuag, rau fruiting uas yuav tsum tau raws sij hawm pollination ntawm lub paj. Nyob rau hauv cov khoom neeg tsim kho, nws yog yuav luag tsis paub mus rau Cross-pollination, yog li ntau yam yuav tsum tau tas muaj peev xwm kom nws tus kheej-pollination.
Txwv tsis pub, koj cov txiv pos nphuab yuav tsis thov dab tsi tshwj tsis yog muaj kuab zoo nkauj thiab tsw qab.
Kawm txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev loj hlob strawberries siv Finnish technology.Xav tias tag nrho cov saum toj no, cov nram qab no ntau yam yuav tsum yog qhov zoo tagnrho xaiv rau Dutch siv technology ntawm loj hlob berries:
- "Darlelekt": Strawberry ntawm thaum ntxov ripening, bred nyob rau hauv Fabkis xyoo 1998. Ntau yam yog hais txog cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov sij hawm luv luv nruab hnub, muaj ib lub sij hawm luv tshaj nruab nrab ntawm cov paj ntoo thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripening. Bushes yog loj, nplooj ntawm saturated ntsuab tsos nqaij daim tawv. Lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo tseem loj, qhov nyhav ntawm ib cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 20-30 g, tab sis nyob rau hauv kev pom zoo tej yam nws muaj peev xwm nce mus txog 50 g Nrog intensive teb, li 1 kg ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tau tua los ntawm 1 Bush. Tus duab ntawm berries yog lub plawv-puab, lawv cov xim yog ci brick, lub nplaim yog glossy. Lub caij ntuj no hardiness ntau yam - medium.
- "Maivliag": ntau yam kev kub ntxhov thaum ntxov nrog lub hom phiaj thoob ntiaj teb. Cov nroj tsuag muaj medium muaj zog, nrog muaj zog foliage, nplooj ntawm saturated ntsuab tsos nqaij daim tawv. Lub Berry yog loj, tab xim nyob rau hauv tsaus ntxoov liab, nws saum npoo yog glossy. Qhov ceeb thawj ntawm ib txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog nyob rau hauv 30 g, tus tawm los ntawm ib Bush tsis tshaj 1 kg. Cov nroj tsuag belongs rau hom tsiaj uas tiv taus kab mob xws li nplooj ntoos chaw, grey rot, wilt thiab fusarium. Lub caij ntuj no hardiness ntawm ib qib high school, paj nrog firmness tswj frosts luv.
- "Marmalade": Cov nroj tsuag yog ib yam khoom ntawm Italian yug me nyuam, bred hauv 1989 ua tsaug rau interbreeding ntawm ntau yam xws li Gorella thiab Nyiaj so koobtsheej. Qhov ntau yam muaj qhov nruab nrab sij hawm ripening thiab yuav tsum tau siv sij hawm luv luv nruab hnub. Thaum harvested thaum ntxov, muaj ib tug thib ob wave ntawm fruiting. Nroj tsuag sredneroslye, tawm me ntsis tsa. Hniav feem ntau tsaus ntuj ntxoov ntsuab. Chlorosis resistant. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm Marmelade yog cov loj, qhov nyhav ntawm ib qho kev sib xyaw txiv hmab txiv ntoo li ntawm 30 g. Cov duab ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog zoo ib yam nkaus li los yog lub taub ntsev, cov xim ntawm cov xim liab ntxoov ntxoo, qhov saum npoo ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog glossy. Cov tawm los ntawm ib Bush yog 800-900 g.
- "Polka": vaj tse ntawm Dutch lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm yug me nyuam. Cov nroj tsuag twb bred hauv 1977 thanks rau interbreeding ntawm ntau yam xws li "Unduka" thiab "Sivetta". Ntau yam yog hais txog hom tsiaj nrog lub nruab nrab ntawm lub sij hawm ripening. Lub bushes yog heev siab, profusely leafy. Hniav ntawm ci ntsuab ntxoov. "Polka" cov ntaub ntawv muaj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas muaj xim liab zoo nkauj, qhov nyhav ib cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog 40-50 g. Dua li ntawm qhov tseeb tias qhov strawberry no tsis yog mus rau tej hom tsiaj, nws txiv ntev ntev. Lub caij ntuj no hardiness ntau yam - medium.
- "Selva": Cov nroj tsuag yog bred los ntawm American breeders nyob rau hauv 1983 vim interbreeding ntawm ntau yam xws li Ryton, Tufts thiab Pajero. Cov tsiaj yog nyob rau ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm nruab nrab nruab hnub, yog li ntawd "Selva" dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo thoob plaws hauv lub caij ntuj sov-dawb xyoo. Tus nroj tsuag yog vigorous, nrog loj kis nplooj ntawm saturated ntsuab ntxoov. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog loj, maub liab, ci, lawv cov duab yog feem ntau round-conical. Qhov nruab nrab qhov ceeb thawj ntawm ib tug Berry yog 40-60 g, thiaj li mus txog 1.5 kg ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav sau los ntawm ib Bush. Lub caij ntuj no hardiness "Selva" siab.
- "Sonata": Cov nroj tsuag twb bred nyob rau hauv lub Netherlands nyob rau hauv 1998 by hla lub ntau yam Polka thiab Elsanta. Qhov ntau yam yog thaum ntxov, nruab nrab. Cov nroj tsuag muaj siab, nrog loj hlob zog. Cov nplooj yog tsis loj, erect, ci ntsuab. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog cov loj loj, qaim liab nyob rau hauv cov xim, nrog ib tug ci ntsa iab. Qhov nruab nrab hnyav ntawm ib tug txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog txog 40 g Productivity yog siab, tsawg kawg 1.5 kg ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tsum tau tua los ntawm ib tug Bush. Lub caij ntuj no hardiness - siab. "Sonata" yog tsim rau kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv kev nyab xeeb ntawm huab cua hauv av.
- "Tshaj Tawm": remontant loj-fruited ntau yam, bred by hla Strawberry thiab Strawberry "Milanese". Cov nroj tsuag yog compact, haib, tej zaum me ntsis nce, nrog medium los yog muaj zog foliage. Hniav feem ntau ci ntsuab ntxoov. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog loj, conical duab, nplua nuj tsaus liab ntxoov, nrog ib tug ci nto. Qhov ceeb thawj ntawm ib tug Berry yog li 25-30 g. Qhov ntau yam yog lub caij ntuj no-Hardy, drought-resistant, thiab kuj resistant mus rau cov kab mob thiab cov pests.
Koj puas paub? Los mus txiav txim qhov zoo ntawm strawberries, cia li saib nws cov xim. Lub zog thiab richer ntxoov ntxoo ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, qhov ntau tag nrho cov xaiv ntawm cov muab kev pab cuam thiab cov vitamins nws muaj.
Txoj kev tsaws
Niaj hnub no muaj tsuas yog ob lub tshuab rau kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov txiv pos nphuab hauv cov khoom neeg tsim. Cov no yog cov hu ua txoj kab thiab txoj kev.
Lawv txhua tus muaj qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, tab sis feem ntau lawv ob qho tib si muab lub sijhawm los cog qoob loo thiab cov nplua nuj. Yog li, ua ntej koj lean ntawm ib leeg, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo txiav txim seb cov txiaj ntsim ntawm txhua yam.
Kawm txog cov cai ntawm cog txiv pos nphuab hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg, yuav ua li cas cog qoob loo nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv npog, yuav ua li cas cog strawberries nyob rau hauv ib lub vaj teb pw, yuav ua li cas cog strawberries nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev cog khoom.
Kab rov tav
Kab rov tav txoj kev cog ntawm cov nroj tsuag muab rau qhov chaw ntawm cov nroj tsuag tshwj xeeb tshaj yog mus tib seem rau lub hauv paus ntawm chav tsev loj hlob. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lub peev xwm lossis pab pawg ntawm cov thawv no yeej ib txwm ua rau txhua tus. Nyob rau hauv no txoj kev, koj muaj peev xwm tsim ob peb fruiting cascades ntawm Strawberry bushes. Feem ntau, cov tswv ntawm cov loj greenhouses los yog ua liaj ua teb chaw rau kab rov tav cog.
Qhov kev ua ntawm thaj chaw no tsim cov dej num zoo tshaj plaws rau kev saib xyuas zoo thiab ceev ceev ntawm kev cog thiab kev tsim cov tshuab hluav taws xob kom paub meej txog lawv cov livelihoods.
Ntsug
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug ntsug cog, ntim nrog txiv hmab txiv ntoo bearing nroj tsuag yog tsau nyob rau hauv ib tug kev coj mus rau lub hauv paus mus rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub chav rau loj hlob strawberries. Li no, nws yog ib qhov ua tau los tsim ib lub qauv uas cov kab txaij ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo-kabmob nroj ib qho saum toj ib qho tsis muaj kev sib ntxub.
Feem ntau, qhov no yog txoj kev cog cov txiv pos nphuab uas yog cov tswv tsev me me los yog cov neeg cog lus siab uas xav cog qoob loo uas muaj cai nyob rau hauv lawv chav tsev, txij li txhua tus neeg muaj lub sijhawm los dai ntawm lub lauj kaub. Dua li ntawm nws txoj cai, ntsug tsaws tau muaj ntau qhov kev tsis txaus siab, vim nws xav tau ntau txoj kev daws teeb meem thaum kos duab dej thiab khoom muag rau txhua tus neeg cascade.
Koj puas paub? Strawberry yog ib yam ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qub uas siv los ntawm txiv neej rau zaub mov noj. Nws cov qus tuaj yeem siv thaum lub sij hawm Neolithic era.
Txhim kho txoj kev loj hlob
Yog li, tom qab koj tau txiav txim siab txog ntau yam ntawm yav tom ntej Berry thiab txoj ntawm nws cultivation, koj muaj peev xwm mus ncaj qha mus rau tus txheej txheem nws tus kheej. Txawm li ntawd los, ntau gardeners nyob rau theem no muaj ntau yam nyuaj.
Kawm yuav ua li cas nrog kab mob thiab pests ntawm strawberries, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog xim av chaw, verticillium wilt, nematodes, weevil.Txawm hais tias nws yooj yim, txoj kev muaj ntau subtleties, lub non-observance ntawm uas yuav ua tau lub ntsiab yog vim li cas rau tsis muaj sau. Yog li ntawd, peb yuav xav txog nyob rau hauv kom meej tag nrho cov theem ntawm Dutch technology ntawm loj hlob strawberries.
Cov txheej txheem muaj cov kauj ruam nram qab no:
- Npaj cov av rau loj hlob seedlings: raws li ib tug substrate siv tshwj xeeb av, pre-enriched nrog muab kev pab cuam. Ua li no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ua poov tshuaj chloride, superphosphate thiab txiv qaub raws li pom zoo los ntawm lub khw tsim lub pob. Nws yog ib qho ua tau zoo ntxiv cov av nrog cov organic chiv; qhov no, ib qho me me ntawm qhov quav ntxiv thiab ntxiv rau nws.
- Kev npaj ntawm tanks rau germination ntawm seedlings: ntim yuav tsum tau muab ntxuav los ntawm qub substrate los yog lwm yam kab mob, thiab kuj tau tso tshuaj nrog 4% formalin daws. Tom ntej no, qhov npaj av yog khoom hauv cov tais diav. Nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub qhov yuav tsum tau ua nrog ib lub cheeb ntawm txog 7 mm, thiab tom qab ntawd ces kho cov kua dej. Rau qhov no, lub qab ntawm lub tank yog them nrog gravel los yog pebbles (15-20% ntawm tag nrho cov ntim ntawm lub nkoj).
- Sprouting seedlings: Raws li lub dav agrotechnology ntawm loj hlob seedlings los ntawm cov noob los yog los ntawm grafting, ob cais neeg ntawm niam nroj tsuag yog zus. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm muab tau qhov kev lag luam tas li thiab tsis txhob cog degeneration.
- Ntxawm huab tais hlwb: seedlings yog cog nyob rau hauv yav tas los npaj ntim nrog av (raws li cov qauv piav qhia saum toj no, raws li rau cov khoom cog). Kom pib txheej txheem, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj rau koj xaiv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, txij thaum lub sijhawm no qhov kev hloov siab tshaj plaws yog pom. Koj tuaj yeem tsim qhov tsim nyog microclimate thiab artificially, thaum ntsuas kub yuav tsum tsis pub dhau + 8-12 ° C, thiab av noo - li 85%.
- Kev cog kev cog: Nws yog nqa tawm raws li lub agrotechnical cultivation ntawm berries. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub Dutch technology muab rau ib tug neeg ntim dej, fertilizing thiab tsim kom muaj ib qho tshwj xeeb microclimate rau cov txiv pos nphuab, yog li rau lub hom phiaj no nws tsim nyog tsim kom muaj ib qho kev tshwj xeeb rau kev tswj cov nroj tsuag lub neej los yog tu ib tus neeg saib xyuas rau txhua lub nroj tsuag.
- Hloov cov qoob loo: tom qab sau lub berries, cov nroj tsuag raug muab tshem tawm, thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas seedlings yog cog nyob rau hauv lawv qhov chaw. Cov rho nroj tsuag yog txiav tawm ntawm qub nplooj thiab muab tso rau wintering nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm tsawg kub (los ntawm 0 mus rau +2 ° C). Tus nab npawb ntawm ib ncig ntawm fruiting ntawm ib seedling yuav tsum tsis txhob tshaj ob, tom qab uas cov nroj tsuag ua pauv mus rau cov tub ntxhais hluas.
Av
Yuav kom tau niam nroj tsuag, koj tuaj yeem siv cov tshwj xeeb substrates los yog av rau kev cog qoob loo ntawm lub paj khw uas ze tshaj plaws. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob muaj cov noob qoob loo los ntawm tej yam ntuj tso, raws li lawv muaj ntau yam kabmob ntawm ntau yam kabmob. Thaum cog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo cog ntoo yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm tej yam zaub mov tsis huv, lim huv txhua hom kab thiab nroj tsuag ntawm cov kab mob phem. Koj tuaj yeem yuav nws hauv khw muag khoom tshwj xeeb.
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau xws li hauv av yog ib qho muaj peev xwm siab noo, porosity thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom. Tab sis feem ntau haum raws li xws li ib tug substrate yog peat, perlite, coke fiber thiab pob zeb hauv av ntaub plaub.
Koj tuaj yeem npaj cov av koj tus kheej, rau qhov no koj yuav tsum tau sib tov sandy av, rotted manure thiab xuab zeb nyob rau hauv qhov ratio ntawm 3: 1: 1.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Yog hais tias koj txiav txim siab los tsim lub substrate koj tus kheej, nws yuav tsum tau sterilized. Ua li no, tag nrho cov khoom yuav tsum tau ci hauv qhov cub ntawm qhov kub ntawm + 120-125 ° S rau 45 feeb.
Harvesting thiab loj hlob seedlings
Muaj ob peb txoj kev uas yuav tau txais zoo-strawberry cog cov khoom, tab sis qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog ob txoj kev rau tau seedlings.
Xav txog lawv nyob rau hauv ntau yam:
- Cog cov khoom yuav ua tau los ntawm loj hlob uterine nroj tsuag on ib tug tshwj xeeb cog nyob rau hauv qhib rau hauv av. Tom qab qhov pib ntawm qhov hnoos qoob no, lub hauv paus chiv ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm ib xyoos yog ua tib zoo dug tawm, cov nplooj tawm raug tshem tawm thiab muab tso rau hauv ib qho chaw tsaus, qhov chaw qhuav nrog kub ntawm 0 txog +2 ° C. Lub hnub ua ntej cog, seedlings yog khaws cia rau 24 teev nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, thiab unsuitable nroj tsuag yog discarded thiab muab pov tseg ntawm. Nyob rau hauv no txoj kev, nws yog ib qhov ua tau los tsim high-quality thiab abundantly fruiting cog cov khoom, tab sis lub ntsiab drawback ntawm txoj kev yog qhov yuav tsum tau khaws niam-nurseries, uas yuav tsum tau hloov tshiab tsawg kawg ib zaug txhua 2 xyoos.
- Ib qho yooj yim txoj kev loj hlob seedlings yog qhov cassette txoj kev., raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov uas ua rau cov menyuam yaus ua ntej lub caij nyoog qis, ua ntu zus nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob uas tsis tshua kub ntawm 0 txog +2 ° C, ua cov khoom cog. 1.5 lub hlis ua ntej hnub teem sijhawm ntawm kev sib deev, cov kis tau raug muab tshem tawm thiab cog hauv cov thawv npaj rau. Raws li lub substrate, koj tuaj yeem siv cov av rau cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov khw muag khoom ze tshaj plaws. Thawj 4 lub lis piam seedlings yog zus nyob rau hauv ntxoov ntxoo, ces nyob rau hauv tsib lub lim tiam nws yog mus rau lub teeb, thiab transplanted mus rau ib tug mus tas li los ntawm thib rau.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Yuav kom tau high-zoo cog cov khoom rau ib-xyoo-laus nroj tsuag, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los tshem tawm paj stalks, pub kom koj yuav tau txais cov khoom cog qaug zog nrog ib qho underdeveloped paus system.
Teeb pom kev zoo
Teeb pom kev zoo yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev tau txais cov khoom noj khoom haus zoo nkauj, yog li yuav tsum tau saib xyuas los txhim kho cov teeb pom kev zoo ntxiv thaum cog zaub ntau dua.
Raws li xws li lub teeb ci, koj tuaj yeem siv ob chav teeb vaj tse thiab chav teeb hluav taws xob. Lub teeb ci yuav tsum tau teem ntawm ib qho deb ntawm yam tsawg ib metre ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Yuav kom txhim kho cov teeb meem ntawm cov roj teeb, koj tuaj yeem siv cov khoom sib xws. Kev noj mis yog: 1 pc. rau txhua 3 square metres. м теплицы. Длительность светового дня должна составлять около 12 часов. Для этого растения ежедневно подсвечивают утром с 8 до 11 часов и вечером с 17 до 20 часов. Nyob rau hauv cov huab cua pos huab, qhov ntev ntawm qhov tseem ceeb yuav nce.
Hauv qhov no, khoom neeg tsim teeb pom kev zoo siv tau txhua hnub.
Kev noj tshuaj thiab kev noj haus
Lub tshuab dej yuav tsum tau muab cov dej ntub dej ntawm cov ntoo, thaum cov kev ya raws thiab cov khoom siv yoojyim nkag rau hauv av tsis tseem ceeb. Qhov loj tshaj plaws: kom tsis txhob mus kov cov dej ntawm nplooj los yog txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm strawberries.
Nrhiav kom paub ntau npaum li cas koj yuav tsum tau haus dej strawberries.Lub ntim thiab lub sij hawm ntawm dej yog muab raws li lub agrotechnology ntawm Berry cultivation. Nrog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev, nws yuav ua tau kom tsis tau tsuas yog high yields, tab sis kuj los tiv thaiv cov nroj tsuag ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm ntau yam pests thiab kis kab mob. Sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws tseem ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv kua, yog li ntawd nws ntau yuav tsum tau tas kho nyob rau hauv relation mus rau tag nrho ntim ntawm nkag siab noo noo.
Qhov kev daws teeb meem yog npaj los ntawm cov khoom nram qab no:
- poov tshuaj chloride - 10 g;
- ammonium nitrate - 80 g;
- siv dej - 10 l.
Cov chiv kom siv tau ncaj qha rau lub substrate thiab cov cag cheeb tsam, cov dej ntws tawm yog txog 100 ml ntawm ib tsob ntoo.
Cov txheej txheem yog kwv yees 2 lub sij hawm thaum lub caij cog qoob loo: 1-2 lub lis piam tom qab transplanting thiab thaum lub sij hawm active ejection ntawm peduncles, kuj kom nce ntawm tawm los ntawm cov nroj tsuag, nws muaj peev xwm yuav ntxiv thiab fertilized nyob rau theem ntawm kev loj hlob kom nquag plias ntawm berries. Foliar fertilization ntawm strawberries nrog Dutch cultivation technology yog tsis muab.
Microclimate
Yuav kom muab cov feem ntau dej siab mob rau fruiting ntawm strawberries thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo, cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb microclimate.
Nws yuav pab tau rau koj kom paub yuav ua li cas kom tincture on vodka los ntawm strawberries, yuav ua li cas ua compote, yuav ua li cas ua jam, marshmallow, jam, yuav ua li cas khov.
Kev pom kev sov siab rau kev loj hlob thiab kev sib xyaw ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog nyob rau hauv + 18-25 ° C, Txawm li cas los, cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem tsim muaj kev nyab xeeb nyob rau hauv qhov kub kub li ntawm + 12 txog +35 ° C
Nyob rau theem ntawm cov tsos ntawm peduncles, cov huab cua kub yuav tsum tau txo, vim qhov no yuav pab txhawb cov txheej txheem. Yog li, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas thaum lub sijhawm no nws tsis tshaj + 21 ° C.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Qhov ntsuas kub hauv qab +12 ° C tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib txig thiab ntev, thiab nce ntxiv ntawm tus nqi siab tshaj li ntawm +35 ° C, muaj teeb meem nyob rau hauv pollination thiab qhov chaw ntawm berries.
Nws tseem yuav tsum tau tuav lub zoo humidity, uas yuav tsum nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 70-80%. Yog hais tias cov pa yog qhuav heev, ces nws yuav tsum tau humidified los ntawm kev txau, feem ntau cov av noo heev yog tshem tawm ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab.
Tsis tas li ntawd, kev paub cog qoob cog qoob loo, yog tias ua tau, pom zoo los saib xyuas cov concentration ntawm carbon dioxide nyob rau hauv lub tsev cog khoom. Qhov ntsuas no yuav tsum yog li ntawm 0.1% ntawm tag nrho cov huab cua ntawm atmospheric cua.
Muaj peev xwm rau seedlings
Raws li pots rau loj hlob strawberries siv ntau ntawm vaj teb ntim. Cov no tuaj yeem ua paj ntoo tshwj xeeb rau paj, thawv, ntim, thiab txawm tias cov yeeb nkab cov yeeb nkab uas puv nrog cov as-ham substrate. Hauv qhov no, qhov kev xaiv yog koj li.
Qhov feem ntau yig thiab yooj yim xaiv yog tshwj xeeb hnab, nruj nreem packed nrog av. Cov khaub ncaws zoo li no siv tau rau hauv txoj kev ua haujlwm thiab txoj kev loj hlob. Loj hlob seedlings nyob rau hauv hnab yas Tiam sis, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, thickened plantations yuav tsum tau zam, raws li qhov no yuav adversely cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm Strawberry kev loj hlob thiab nws fruiting. Nroj tsuag hauv cov pob zeb yog cog hauv ib txoj hlua, nrog rau cov nroj ntsig txog 15 cm inch, ntawm qhov ntev ntawm yam tsawg 25 cm ntawm txhua lwm yam.
Kev kho mob
Tom qab ua tib zoo saib xyuas tag nrho cov saum toj no cov lus pom zoo nyob rau hauv cov cultivation ntawm strawberries, kev saib xyuas ntawm plantings yog tsuas yog kom muaj qhov tsim nyog climatic mob, thiab raws li periodic pub mis.
Txij txij thaum pib sterile av yog siv rau cog, ntxiv weeding thiab kev ntawm cov nroj tsuag tsis tas yuav. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ntsuam xyuas kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov nroj tsuag 1 zaug hauv ib lub lis piam yuav tsum tau nqa kom tas.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Cov txheej txheem los ntawm cog rau picking berries yuav tsum tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv mus, nrog ib tug ntev ntawm 2 lub hlis txhua, pub kom nws yuav tsis tau ua kom tiav fruiting thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo.Hnub no, lub Dutch technology ntawm loj hlob strawberries yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau technologically advanced thiab txuag txoj kev mus rau cultivate berries. Hom no ua rau nws tau txais cov txiaj ntsim zoo ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis, tsis hais txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov cheeb tsam hauv cheeb tsam, thiab qhov chaw cog qoob.
Yog li ntawd, fragrant berries thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo yuav tau txais ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv ib lub high-tech tsev xog paj thiab nyob rau nws lub qhov rais sill.