Ntawm ntau cov ntau ntawm Kua ntau, lub "Gala" Kua-ntoo sawv tawm rau nws txoj hauj lwm zoo. Cov chaw siab thiab kev lees paub ntawm "kev lag luam" ntau yam yeej nyob teb chaws Europe, Tebchaws Meskas, Canada thiab Brazil. Xws li kev paub txog cov kev tsim txiaj coj cov ntoo ntawm "Gala" ntau yam coj los siv rau hauv cov nroj tsuag.
Hauv keeb kwm
New Zealand breeder J.H. Kidd, los ntawm kev hla lub Kua Tsob Ntoo Kua Golden thiab Golden Kidd Txiv Kab ntxwv, nyob rau xyoo 1957 tau txais ib qho tshiab ntawm cov kua uas hu ua Gala, uas txhais tau hais tias "qhov xwm txheej ".
Koj puas paub? Nyob rau hauv lub xeev Asmesliskas - Washington, West Virginia thiab Rhode Island - lub kua pom tau tias yog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv lub xeev, thiab txij thaum 30 xyoo ntawm lub xeem xyoo, nws yog hu ua New York ("Big Apple").
Soj ntsuam cov tsis zoo nkauj zoo nrig ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, J.H. Kidd yog npaum li cas rau yug me nyuam ntawm hybrid ntau yam nrog ntau txaus nyiam cov ntaub ntawv. Nrog lawv cov kev sib raug zoo ua ke, qhov ntau yam yog qhov nrov nce. Muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo thiab saj tau zoo, ntau yam pib siv rau hauv cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm ntawm New Zealand thiab Europe txij thaum 1965. 
Zoned nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ib feem ntawm Ukraine thiab lub cheeb tsam yav qab teb ntawm Russia txij thaum 1993, tab sis nyob rau ib qho tseem ceeb scale plantings tsis siv tsis tau. Nyob rau hauv 2016, lub npe coj mus rau kev lees paub ntawm lub "nrov tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no" lub meej mom "Gala".
Tsob ntoo piav qhia
Kua ntau "Gala" yog cov cwj pwm ntawm xws li kev piav qhia.
- Tsob Ntoo: nruab nrab qhov siab, tsis ntau tshaj 3.5 meters nyob rau hauv qhov siab.
- Cov hauv paus hniav: xav tsim, hom fibrous.
- Krone: sib kis, sib kis, sib npaug thiab sib luag.
- Tsim ceg: nruab nrab lub zog thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev loj hlob.
- Flowering: qhov kawg ntawm lub Tsib Hlis thiab pib ntawm lub Rau Hli.
- Peduncles: nruab nrab, sib npaug, dawb.
- Nplooj: elongated nrog ib tug qhia tau ntxeev ntawm qhov kawg, tsaus ntsuab, lawv qis ib feem densely pubescent.
Koj puas paub? Yuav kom sim tag nrho cov yug me nyuam ntau ntawm apples, nws yuav siv sij hawm ntau tshaj 20 xyoo ntawm lub neej, raug rau siv ntawm apples ntawm ntau ntau ib hnub.
Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo Txheej
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm qib "Gala" - qhov loj me, ib thiab qhov sib npaug. Nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm lub kua me me yog qhov khoom me me. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo luj yog 115-145 gram, tab sis ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws nws muaj peev xwm ncav cuag 170 grams. Cov xim daj yog daj nrog cov kab ntxwv ntsig txiv kab ntxwv. Hauv qee qhov subspecies ntawm "Gala" ntau yam, liab blush yuav ua npog cov nplaim ntawm lub kua. Cov tawv nqaij ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog glossy, nyias, tab sis muaj zog txaus. Cov nqaij yog lub teeb, nrog ib tug daj tinge, ntom, nrog ib tug granular qauv. Lub saj ntawm apples yog moderately Sweet nrog pronounced sourness. Lub aroma ntawm apples - Sweet anise nrog caramel thiab nutty sau ntawv. 
Cov Teeb Kom Ua Raws Cai
Nyob ntawm seb qhov twg Gala cov txiv apples loj tuaj rau ntawm lub cuab ntxhiab, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav sib txawv ntawm qhov loj thiab xim. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev loj hlob zoo thiab kev loj hlob yog suav tias yog hnub ci teeb pom kev zoo, lossis "insolation". Rau kev loj hlob zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev hnav khaub ncaws thoob plaws hauv tag nrho cov crown, tsob ntoo yuav tsum muaj ib qho loj ntawm lub teeb, yog li nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev poob rau hauv qhov chaw zoo hnub ci.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Qhov tsis muaj lub teeb yuav txo tau tus naj npawb ntawm bookmarks ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo buds, ntsig txog, yuav txo tau tawm los thiab paug qhov saj ntawm apples.
"Gala" tsuas ua rau ib nrab ntawm qhov ntxoov ntxoo xwb, tab sis qhov no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam loj heev rau cov ntoo.
Cov av uas yuav tsum tau
Rau kev loj hlob zoo, "Gala" yuav tsum muaj cov av zoo (chernozem, loam, cov av loam). Nws yog qhov zoo los cog cov ntoo ntawm cov ntoo qhuav thiab ua kom tsis muaj dej hauv av. Qhov no ntau yam nyiam qhuav av yam tsis muaj noo noo tshaj.
Nrog watering cov av yuav tsum tsis txhob zealous. Cov tub ntxhais hluas yuav tsum muaj dej ib zaug ib zaug ib lim piam twg, thiab cov txiv neej loj hlob raws li xav tau. Thaum high humidity, kev nyab xeeb ntxiv watering tsis yog yuav tsum tau. 
Cuam tshuam kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev loj hlob ntawm tsob ntoo loj Agrotechnical txoj kev ntawm tillage:
- periodic loosening thiab txhua xyoo khawb. Cov kev kho mob zoo li no yuav cuam tshuam cov dej-cua thiab thermal "kev nyab xeeb" ntawm cov av;
- fertilizing, ua ib txhij nrog khawb, yuav nce kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv cov av. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los saib xyuas kab tsuag hauv chiv daim ntawv thov, thiab nws yog qhov zoo dua rau noj nrog intervals los ntawm lub caij (xyoo). Raws li ib tug to top hnav khaub ncaws nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau siv cov organic (ntuj) chiv. Rau cov hom phiaj no, ib tug sib tov ntawm compost thiab manure los yog tshauv nrog txiv qaub yog haum. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv cov av yuav ua ntaub ntawv thov thiab pob zeb hauv av chiv me me, pom cov cawv;
- av mulching nrog sawdust los yog straw yuav tsim favorable av kub tej yam kev mob.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Khawb thiab mulching tsim nyob rau hauv lub complex, yuav nce lub txiaj ntsim ntawm pub thiab nce ntawm degree ntawm hardiness ntawm tsob ntoo.
Pollination
Cov kua ntoo "Gala" tsis siv rau cov khoom noj rau tus kheej thiab yuav tsum nyob ze nrog pollinators. Txaus siab rau kev tawm tsam nrog ntau yam "Idared", "James Griv", "Golden Delicious", "Melrose" thiab "Elstar".
Fruiting
Pib ntawm fruiting nyob rau hauv ib tug hluas tsob ntoo tuaj tsuas yog rau 3-7 xyoo thiab nyob ntawm lub graft (graft rau lwm tus nroj tsuag). Nrog rau ib qho khoom plig rau ntawm lub ciab cog, pib ntawm fruiting tej zaum yuav pib hauv lub xyoo thib 3, thiab ib qho khoom tawg rau ntawm ib lub chaw cog qoob loo yuav ua rau kom tsuas yog xyoo 7. Kev ua rau "Gala" hom sib xyaw, qhov no txhais tau tias cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo zes qe menyuam muaj peev xwm tsim tau ob qho tib si rau saum cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo (one-year increments) thiab ringworms (txhua xyoo nce toj). 
Gestation lub sijhawm
Lub fruiting lub caij pib nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub Cuaj Hli thiab kav mus txog rau thaum pib ntawm Frost (lig Kaum Ib Hlis). Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, tshem tawm kom loj hlob thaum kawg ntawm Cuaj Hli, thiab los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub kaum ib hlis kev loj hlob tuaj.
Nyob rau hauv Autumn, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm Kua ntau yam xws li Red Chif, Bashkir kev zoo nkauj, Pepin Saffron, Semerenko, Uralets, Shtreyfling, Solnyshko, Zhigulevskoe ripen.
Tawm
Kev sau txhua xyoo ntawm tus ntoo laus tuaj yeem ncav cuag 50-70 kg. On cov tub ntxhais hluas cov ntoo, tawm los yog ntau sim, tab sis txhua xyoo. Qhov ntau yam yog prone congestion thiab overabundance ntawm qoob loo. Qhov kev nyiam ntawm ntau yam yuav ua rau ib tug periodicity ntawm fruiting los yog cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, uas yog, qhov loj.
Yuav kom tsis txhob congestion thiab nce qhov loj ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm loj flowering, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los nyias tawm lub paj stalks. Yog hais tias lub sij hawm no tsis tuaj, ces nws yog kev tso cai rau nyias tawm ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas twb tau cog, tshem lub hauv paus txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv txhua pob khoom. Nrog "kev laus" thiab kev poob ntawm tsob ntoo tuaj yeem txo qis.
Koj puas paub? Lub tsob ntoo hlob tshaj plaws hauv lub ntiaj teb hlob nyob hauv Manhattan (New York). Nws tau muab cog rau hauv 1947 thiab tseem txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Kev thauj khoom thiab kev cia khoom
Kev nyab xeeb thaum caij tsheb npav yog kwv yees li qhov nruab nrab, tab sis, feem ntau, txiv apples khaws lawv cov kev nthuav qhia thaum lub sij hawm thauj ub no luv. Lub txee lub neej ntawm apples yog ntev thiab muaj peev xwm ncav cuag ib nrab xyoo. Nws yog tsim nyog los khaws cov qoob loo nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw txias thiab tsaus (cellar los yog cellar).
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Yuav kom lub neej txee ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrog kev puas tsuaj, cim ntawm kab mob los yog kab tsuag yuav tsum tau muab cais tawm ntawm cov qoob loo loj.
Disease thiab Kab Tsuag tsis kam
Lub tsob ntoo cov nroj tsuag nyiam qhuav xau thiab sim dej yooj yim; yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho ua rau fungal kab mob uas tshwm sim tawm tsam tom qab ntawm high humidity: scab, powdery mildew (oidium), thiab rot.
Tab sis, zoo li lwm yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo, Gala yuav xav tsis thoob. xws li kab mob:
- kabmob dub - cov kabmob fungal uas cuam tshuam cov tawv ntoo, ceg ntoo, nplooj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Tshawb tawm los ntawm kev nyuaj siab me me thiab cov xim av ntawm lub cev. Txhaws lub fungus los ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm tsob ntoo;
- cov kab mob kheesxaws yog ib qho kab mob kis tau los ntawm cov kab mob hauv av. Tej kev tshwm sim sab nraud tsuas tuaj yeem muaj zog zuj zus tuaj, qaug zog ntawm tsob ntoo thiab nres nyob hauv kev loj hlob. Cov kab mob nkag mus los ntawm kev puas hlwb.
Qhov feem ntau txaus ntshai pests ntawm "Gala" ntau yam, ua rau tawm los txo:
- Codling moth - caterpillar, thiab tom qab ib tug npauj npaim tsoo lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Raws li ib tug ntawm nws ua si tseem ceeb, txiv apples poob prematurely;
- Kua weevil-flowering beetle yog ib tug kab nws larvae noj on inflorescences ntawm paj buds. Yog li ntawd, qhov nyiaj ntawm sau yog significantly txo los yog absent zoo rau nws;
- Tus leafworm yog ib hom kab uas nws larvae noj rau ntawm nplooj, cov pob zeb, thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo. Raws li ib tug ntawm lawv cov tseem ceeb ua si, cov nplooj yog deformed, thiab tus nqi ntawm cov qoob loo txo.
Thaum pib tshwm sim ntawm kab tsuag, tsob ntoo yuav tsum raug kho nrog cov tshuaj tua kab raws li lub sij hawm tau hais txog lub thawv los yog lub thawv nrog kev npaj (Balazo, Kazumin, Agrostak-Bio, Calypso, Decis Profi, Fitoverm).
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Yuav kom tsis txhob ua mob rau lub Kua tsis pub tshaj qhov teev cia, thiab txo lub sijhawm ua haujlwm.
Rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov kab mob los yog pests nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav, whitewashing ntawm pob tw yog siv (nyob rau hauv ib tug hluas thiab tsawg tsob ntoo, sab ceg yuav tsum whitened). Xws li ib qho kev tshwm sim yuav tsim ib txheej kev tiv thaiv thiab tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov pests thiab pathogens. Cov kev kho mob ntawm crown nrog fungicides, piv txwv li, 3% Bordeaux kua, kuj yuav muaj ib tug zoo phom. Nws yog tsim nyog los ua Txau rau thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav ua ntej ua ntej blooming ntawm ob lub raum. Tom qab tu cov paj, ntoo kho nrog ib tug fungicide (Bordeaux kua, tooj liab oxychloride) tuaj yeem rov qab.
Lub caij ntuj no hardiness
Lub peev xwm ntawm Gala kua tsob ntoo ua rau tib neeg tsis muaj zog thiab lwm yam kev kub ntxhov ntawm lub caij ntuj no yog kwv yees li qhov nruab nrab. Qhov ntau yam yog txaus resistant kom luv luv frosts thiab yog muaj peev xwm withstand tsawg kub mus rau -25 ° C. "Gala" yog ib lub paj ntau yam uas txuag nws thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav "rov qab" tuaj yeem. Nrog tu (khawb, noj, mulching), qhov hardiness ntawm tsob ntoo nce.
Koj puas paub? Nutritionists hais tias ib leeg noj nqaij muaj ib qho ua rau muaj zog hauv lub cev, sib npaug nrog lub khob kas fes.
Siv txiv hmab txiv ntoo
Cov kev xaiv rau kev siv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo inexhaustible. Vim lub ntsev tsawg calorie cov ntsiab lus thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov vitamins thiab minerals txiv apples "Gala" yog nquag siv:
- nyob rau hauv ua noj - raws li ib lub tais los yog muaj cov khoom noj rau cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, marinades, zaub nyoos, khoom qab zib, dej qab zib, thiab hauv kev txuag rau qhov kev npaj ntawm cov jams, preserves, compotes. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog siv nyob rau hauv raw, thermally kho thiab cov ntaub ntawv ziab;
- hauv tshuaj pleev ib ce - raws li lub ntsiab tivthaiv nrog ntau yam teebmeem hauv cov tshuaj zawv plaub hau, ntxhuav, ntsej muag lub ntsej muag / plaub hau, cream thiab pleev, cov tshuaj txhuam hniav, thiab lwm yam .;
- nyob rau hauv tsiaj husbandry thiab zoology - raws li noj / complementary khoom noj rau cov tsiaj.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv cov txiv apples hauv cov cheeb tsam no muaj nuj nqis heev.Kawm yuav ua li cas thiaj ua kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab dej hauv tsev.
Subspecies raws li ntau yam "Gala"
Xav txog qhov kev pom ntawm ntau yam "Gala" tsis zoo nkauj thiab ntxim siab, muaj peev xwm nyiam qhov muag ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom, tus breeders txiav txim siab los kho qhov "yuam kev" thiab tawm tshiab subspecies ntawm ntau yam nrog ib tug ntau xim xim ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Muaj ntau tshaj li ntawm 20 xws li subspecies.Tej lawv, feem ntau vivid nyob rau hauv lawv cov hauj lwm ntawm Kua ntoo yog cov ntau yam: "Gala Mast", "Royal Gala", "Mondial Gala".
"Gala Mast" (los yog Regal poj huab tais) tau pib los ntawm N. Fulvord hauv Hastings (New Zealand). Qhov no yog qhov nrov tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau loj-fruited subspecies, muaj ib lub zog xim. Ib tug ci liab blush ntawm ib tug kua siv li tag nrho saum npoo ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. 
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tau lawv cov yeeb yam tsuas yog los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub yim hli ntuj.
80% ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv lawv loj ncav cuag 170 grams, thiab nyob rau hauv lub cheeb - 70 mm. Qhov no yog qhov kev cog lus ntau tshaj plaws rau kev siv siv.
"Mondial Gala" (los yog "Imperial Gala") - pib hauv 1978 los ntawm D. Mitchell. Tshaj nrog cov xim uas muaj ntau tshaj plaws, los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub Yim Hli, cov txiv apples los ua cov xim hauv cov xim los yog them nrog cov kab brev. Ib qho ntawm cov subspecies yog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm elongated puab. 
"Muaj koob muaj npe nrov" (los yog "Tenra") - pib hauv 1973 los ntawm T. Howe hauv Matamata (New Zealand). Lub subspecies zoo li "Gala", tab sis muaj ib tug ntau khaus thiab ci ntsa iab cov xim. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj ib daim tawv nyias lub ntsej muag. Nws yog txiv apples ntawm "Royal Gala" uas cog cov nroj tsuag nroj tsuag hauv Europe thiab Asmeskas. 
Muaj zog thiab qaug zog
Zoo ntawm "Gala":
- unpretentious zov;
- thaum ntxov ripeness;
- siab yield;
- zoo heev saj;
- me me;
- ntev lub neej txee;
- thoob plaws kev siv txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Koj puas paub? Kua ntoo hauv ancient Tim Nkij teb chaws raug suav hais tias yog tsob ntoo dawb huv ntawm Apollo, thiab cov kua tau muaj npe tom qab nws - ua lus Askiv "kua".
Txawm tias muaj ntau qhov zoo, ntau yam muaj qee qhov tsis zoo.
- lub caij ntuj no tsis muaj zog;
- yug menyuam;
- uneven fruiting;
- muag xim ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo;
- cuam tshuam rau tej yam kab mob thiab kab tsuag.
Ntau ntau "Gala" yog tsim rau kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv kev kub siab nrog huab cua sov. Nws yog heev unpretentious nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas, tab sis yuav tsum ua raws li kev kawm tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ua vaj tsev engineering. Nrog zoo saib xyuas, ntau yam tswj siab highs. "Gala" tiv taus ntau yam kab mob, tab sis nws yog qhov kev tua ntawm qee yam hom kab tsuag.
