Txhua tus tswv yuav xav nrhiav ntau yam pears, uas tsis tas yuav yooj yim los tu, tab sis kuj muaj peev xwm tsim cov khoom uas zoo tshaj plaws saj. Txawm hais tias ntau pear ntau yam muaj zoo yields, lawv tsim cov khoom uas tsis muaj zoo saj.
Niaj hnub no peb yuav tham txog ib qho zoo heev ntawm cov nroj tsuag li ib txwm - "Larinska" pear, thiab peb kuj yuav muab ib qho kev piav qhia ntawm ntau yam, cia peb xaiv nrog cov khoom cog thiab kev tu xyuas ntoo.
Kev yug me nyuam yav dhau los
Autumn pear ntau yam yog bred nyob rau hauv South Ural scientific tshawb fawb lub koom haum rau Horticulture thiab qos yaj ywm. Cov khoom rau cov creation ntawm "Larinskaya" yog nto moo ntau yam: "Nyiam Clapp" thiab "Ussuriyskaya". 
Nws tau teev nyob rau hauv lub Xeev Sau npe raws li ntau yam pom zoo rau cog hauv thaj tsam Urals.
Koj puas paub? Pear txiv hmab txiv ntoo txhawb cov hniav txha hniav laus, raws li lawv muaj cov kab mob calcium thiab phosphorus ntuj.
Kev piav qhia thiab txawv txav ntawm ntau yam
Tom ntej no, peb tham txog lub ntsiab ntawm lub dav hlau thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Ntoo
Qhov siab tshaj plaws muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws - txog li 6 meters. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub pear hlob sai sai txaus, yog li los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm fruiting tsob ntoo yuav muaj ntau qhov loj me. Lub crown muaj nruab nrab thickening, thaum cov ceg tsim ib qho tsis sib haum shapeless crown, raws li lawv cov bent nyob rau hauv ntau cov lus qhia. Lub thawv muaj tus duab ntawm ib lub kheej kheej, feem ntau - ib tug ncaj, heev tsis tshua muaj koj yuav saib tau lub torsion. Daim hlau cov ntawv yog loj heev, muaj ib txoj kev zoo nkauj elongated. Cov qauv xim.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nplooj nplooj pubescence tsis tuaj.
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo
Pears thaum lub sij hawm ntawm tshem tawm kom txhij yog tab xim nyob rau hauv ib lub teeb ntsuab xim. Tom qab ob peb lub lis piam, lawv tau ib lub xim daj, uas tawm tsam me me dub me ntsis. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm txheeb raws roj ntsha loj hlob, lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog xim nyob rau hauv ib lub teeb daj xim. 
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo phaus nws txawv ntawm 100-180 g, nyob ntawm seb qhov zoo ntawm cov av thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntaub qhwv. Pears yog ntawm medium loj, thiab nyob rau hauv cov duab lawv resemble ib pob, uas narrows ib me ntsis los ze zog mus rau lub qia.
Qhov no ntau yam pear raug xa mus rau raws li dessert, txij li cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj kua nqaij qab zib creamy, uas muaj ib tug me roj. Pears muaj ntau feem pua ntawm qab zib (9.7), yog li ntawd lawv zoo tshaj consumed tshiab los yog tsim los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm ntau yam wines.
Qhov nruab nrab tawm los ntawm ib tug neeg laus ntoo - 40-50 kg. Cov khoom yog sown nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm. Tsob ntoo ua txiv hmab txiv ntoo ib xyoos ib zaug, vim tias nws siv tau rau kev lag luam (muab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau kev ua lag luam).
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo khaws lawv lub zog rau li 2 lub hlis yog tias khaws cia rau hauv cov neeg mob.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Fruiting pib ntawm 4-5 xyoo ntawm lub neej.
Yuav ua li cas xaiv lub seedlings
Yuav pib nrog, yuav ib tug seedlings yog zoo dua nyob rau hauv ib lub chaw zov me nyuam.
- Ua ntej, qhov chaw zov me nyuam xav paub txog kev zoo, zoo li duab, yog li tsis twv muag cov khoom cog phem.
- Secondly, nyob rau hauv lub chaw zov me nyuam koj yuav tsis plam ib tug "txiv qaub" sapling, uas tej zaum yuav txawm ib tug pear.
- Thirdly, nyob rau hauv chaw zov me nyuam ua raws li cov cai ntawm cultivation, ntim thiab kev thauj mus los, yog li qhov kev tuag ntawm ib tug seedling nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm tus me nyuam yog txo qis.
- Thib plaub, cov tsev zov me nyuam ua hauj lwm nrog tus me nyuam, yog li ntawd qhov sapling koj xav tau tuaj yeem tuaj rau hauv qab lub qhov rooj, tsis tas koj lub sijhawm.
Yog tias koj tsis nyob ib hnub, koj yuav tsum to taub hais tias tsob ntoo muaj txiaj ntsig zoo yuav ua rau cov nqi rau 1-2 lub caij nyoog yuav tsum them nyiaj ntau dua.
Ua ntej yuav ib tug seedling koj xav tau tshawb xyuas nws lub thev hlau phaj thiab rhizome. Yog hais tias lub keeb kwm yog nyob rau hauv ib qho earthen coma, ces nws tsis yog nqi puas tsuaj nws, vim nws txo qhov yuav ua tau hais tias lub keeb kwm puas ntsoog.
Tshawb xyuas cov ceg ntoo thiab pob tw rau lub xub ntiag ntawm fungus thiab pests. On qhov tua yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav qhuav me ntsis thiab mechanical kev puas tsuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, tag nrho cov ceg yuav tsum yog ciaj sia, txij li thaum muaj qhuav ntoo pom zoo tias lub yub tsis nyob rau hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev mob.
Tom ntej no, peb xyuas qhov tseeb uas muaj hnub nyoog ntawm tsob ntoo nrog nws qhov muag. Yog tias koj to taub tias tsob ntoo yuav tsum yog 2 zaug siab dua thiab muaj lub yas loj ntawm nws lub hnub nyoog, thiab nyob ntawm koj yog "tswmciab" tsob ntoo, ces koj yuav tsum tsis kam yuav. 
Yog hais tias nplooj yog nyob rau ntawm tsob ntoo, ua tib zoo xav txog nplooj ntawv. Sib piv nrog cov neeg uas muaj npe nyob hauv daim duab pear. Yog hais tias lawv yog cov identical thiab tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau ntawm nplooj, ces lub seedling yuav yuav.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Ib tug seedling yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm foliage, raws li qhov no qhia ib tug ntxiv ntawm nitrogen.
Peb xav kom tsis txhob yuav ib tsob ntoo yog hais tias nws cov hauv paus hniav yog qhwv hauv polyethylene. Lub keeb kwm nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug vaj tse tsis ua pa, thiab humidity nce, uas muaj txhawb rau kev loj hlob ntawm fungus. Ntxiv mus, koj yuav tsis paub ntau npaum li cas lub seedling twb khaws cia nyob rau hauv xws li tej yam kev mob. Yog hais tias qhov rhizome qhib, nws yuav tsum nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg moistened nrog dej kom qhuav tsis tshwm sim thiab muaj kev nkag tau ntawm cov pa.
Yuav ib lub yub nrog qhib keeb kwm, ua tib zoo xav txog lawv. Yog hais tias muaj kev qias neeg tsis zoo, hlav los yog ua kev puas tsuaj - tsis kam muas. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis txhob yuav cov khoom cog, uas muaj ib qho tsawg heev hauv paus system.
Qhia txog koj tus kheej nrog cov subtleties cog thiab tu cov txiv pear ntau yam: "Krasnobakaya", "Century", "Bryansk Beauty", "Belarusian Late", "Thumbelina", "Rossoshanskaya dessert", "Tenderness", "Honey", "Hera", " Petrovskaya "," Krasulya "," Nyob rau hauv nco ntawm Zhegalov "," Cov me nyuam ".
Xaiv qhov chaw zoo
Pib nrog, nws yog ib qho ua tau cog ib tug hluas nroj tsuag ob qho tag nrho nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab nyob rau hauv Autumn, tab sis yog hais tias nws yog txias heev nyob rau hauv koj cheeb tsam, ces nws yog zoo dua cog nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav, muab tsob ntoo ntau lub sij hawm mus acclimatize. 
Ib tsob ntoo laus muaj kev sib tsoo thiab, tib lub sij hawm, tsis nyiam lub zos, yog li ntawd peb yuav cog cov txiv pear hauv qhov chaw qhib, uas zoo los ntawm tshav ntuj lub rays. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, qhov chaw xaiv yuav tsum tau zoo cua los ntawm cua, thiaj li hais tias pear yog tsawg dua yuav muaj fungal kab mob.
Raws li rau qhov siab ntawm av, qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau ib tsob ntoo, tab sis nws tsis yog txaus los cog ib seedling nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw uas lawv qhov siab yog tsawg dua 2 m. Tsis tas li ntawd cia li lowlands, raws li lawv yuav tas li ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm noo noo.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Thaum cog, them sai sai rau lub fact tias pears yuav tsum tau pollinators, lub luag hauj lwm ntawm uas yog haum ntau yam "Fairytale" thiab "Severyanka."
Raws li rau substrate, nws yuav tsum tau cog rau ntawm lub teeb xau. Yog hais tias koj muaj peev xwm tsis tuaj nqa fertile av, nco ntsoov tias cov av tsawg kawg yog tsis khaws noo noo, lwm yam tsob ntoo yuav tsuas rot.
Qhov chaw npaj
Lub voj voog yuav tsum tau ntxuav cov qoob loo thiab cov khib nyiab. Tom ntej no koj yuav tsum tshem tag nrho cov nroj. Ntsuam xyuas seb tus duab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas nyob sib ze nyob ntawm qhov chaw npaj tseg; yog tias muaj, ces khij cov ceg ntoo kom lub cheeb tsam zoo li tsim nyog los ntawm lub hnub. 
Tom ntej no, peb khawb ib lub me me nyob rau hauv qhov chaw mos, uas yog lub voj voog nyob ib ncig ntawm lub pob tw, thiab mus rau hauv qhov av tsaws.
Qhov zoo dua khawb li ob peb hnub ua ntej cog, mus tshem ntawm pathogens thiab pests uas nyob hauv av. Lub qhov yuav tsum muaj qhov tob ntawm yam tsawg 1 m thiab ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 80 cm.
Lub Upper 30 cm ntawm av yuav tsum tau muab cais thiab khi rau hauv ib lub thawv cais, thiab qis dua yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm mus rau lwm thaj chaw. Tom ntej no, nteg tawm hauv qab ntawm lub qhov dej tob, uas tuaj yeem sawv cev tau los ntawm cov av nplaum, cov pob nyug me me lossis cov pob zeb me me. Qhov loj tshaj plaws - lub kua cov khoom yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav loj heev.
Tom qab ntawd ua av av sib tov. Peb noj cov av qeeg thiab sib tov nrog 10 liters ntawm humus (peb noj ib lub thoob), ib khob ntawm superphosphate (ib khob ntawm 300 ml), ½ khob ntawm potash thiab nrog ib liter thawv ntawm ntoo tshauv. Tag nrho cov khoom xyaw yuav tsum tau tov zoo thiaj li hais tias seedling rhizome tsis tuaj mus rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog additives.
Nyeem kuj hais txog cov peculiarities ntawm kev loj hlob pears ntawm ntau yam: "Rogneda", "Otradnenskaya", "Avgustovskaya dew", "Kokinskaya", "Elena", "Marble", "Nika", "Veles", "Lada", "Lyubimitsa Yakovleva" , "Muscovite", "Cathedral".
Cov kauj ruam ruam-tawm-kauj ruam rau cog seedlings
Cia li ua ntej cog, ib me me mound yog poured nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub qhov, tom qab uas lub chaw ntawm rhizome yog muab tso rau nws. Tom ntej no, cov hauv paus hniav ncaj ncaj, yog li ua rau thaj tsam ntawm qhov nqus. 
Nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau ua kom tiav ib qhov, maj mam tamping tom qab tom ntej "feem" ntawm cov av sib tov. Qhov no yog ua kom tshem tawm hauv airbags uas tiv thaiv tau cov hauv paus hniav los ntawm kev hu rau cov av.
Tom qab instillation, koj yuav tsum pom qhov twg lub hauv paus caj dab yog. Nws yuav tsum nyob 3-5 cm saum toj no lub substratetxwv tsis pub lub caj dab yuav rot.
Thaum kawg ntawm qhov yuav tsaws, nws yuav tsis yog qhov tsim kom muaj lub voj voog nyob ze, uas nchuav tawm qis av, uas peb coj hauv qab ntawm lub qhov taub, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib ncig "me me laj kab" thiaj li tias cov dej nchuav hauv qab hauv paus tsis kis. Tom ntej, ncuav 20 liv dej nyob rau hauv hauv paus mus rau moisten tag nrho cov tsim nyog txheej ntawm av.
Tom qab cog, koj yuav tsum tsav tsheb ib qho peg ze ntawm seedling, uas yuav tsis cia nws khoov cia.
Lub caij ntu saib xyuas
Sib tham txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev saib xyuas rau varietal pear. Tsis tas li ntawd xav txog tej yam kev mob ntawm high tawm los thiab kev loj hlob sai.
Kev tu xyuas av
Rau ib tug hluas ntoo av noo noo yog tseem ceebYog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv thawj ob peb xyoos nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los dej tus pear tsis tu ncua, thiaj li hais tias cov av tsis qhuav tawm. Ib tsob ntoo laus muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau lub ntuj qhuav heev, yog li ntawd nws xav tau kev ywg dej rau hnub tshwj xeeb kub thaum lub hauv av tawm thiab tawg. 
Tshem tawm cov nroj tsuag thaum weeding yog tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv thawj theem, thaum lub hauv paus system ntawm tsob ntoo tsis heev tsim thiab suffers los ntawm muaj cov nroj tsuag. Thaum lub pear ncav ib qhov siab ntawm 2-3 meters, weeding xws li tsis yog yuav tsum tau, txij li txawm loj weeds tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm noj muab kev pab cuam los ntawm pear.
Txawm li cas los xij, yog hais tias koj tsis mus mulch cov av, nws tseem yog tseem ceeb pauj ob peb lub sij hawm thaum lub caij no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub sij hawm ntawm thov cov dressings.
Yuav kom loosen cov av yuav tsum nyob rau hauv thaum sawv ntxov thiab yav tsaus ntuj, thaum nws kub heev sab nraum thiab cov av yog them nrog ib airtight crust. Yog hais tias qhov topsoil yog xoob, loosening tsis tas yuav tsum tau.
Mulch pab tuav kom yaig nyob rau hauv cov av thiab tshem tawm cov nroj tsuag uas tsuas tsis loj tuaj. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub mulch kuj tiv thaiv tawm tsam kev hloov hauv kub thiab ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug zoo nkauj decorating yog hais tias sawdust los yog lwm yam ci khoom siv.
Yuav kom nqa tawm mulching los yog tsis - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog koj xaiv, tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas to taub hais tias mulch heev facilitates kev saib xyuas ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm thawj theem. 
Koj puas paub? Txij li thaum pear thiab Rose yog mus rau Rosaceae kev txiav txim, lawv yuav suav hais tias yog "viv ncaus", tab sis lub Rose yog ib tug shrub thiab pear yog ib tsob ntoo.
Sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws
Txij li thaum koj cog ib qho txaus cov nqi ntawm cov organic teeb meem thiab pob zeb hauv av dej hauv lub qhov taub, tsis muaj chiv raws li thawj 2 xyoo. Txawm li cas los, nws tshwm sim los ntawm ib tug pear ua dhau "voracious" thiab sai sai tawm tag nrho cov muab kev pab cuam los ntawm cov av, uas ua rau kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob inhibition, uas yog heev pom. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, koj yuav tsum tau ua ntxiv fertilizer, pub kom tus loj hlob yuav nres kom meej.
Txij li thaum peb seedling tsis tau mus txog lub hnub nyoog ntawm fruiting, nws tsis xav tau ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm phosphorus. Koj tuaj yeem ua los ntawm kev ua humus (ib lub thoob rau 10 liters) thiab nitrogen-potassium chiv. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, nws yog worthwhile mus rau ib tug nyob tus yeees nyob rau hauv uas yuav tsis muaj ib tug ntau loj npaum li cas ntawm nitrogen, pub kom lub tua yuav pib tau kos tawm thiab deformed.
Tsis tas li ntawd, tom qab qhov pib ntawm lub caij ntawm fruiting, nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los noj lub pear nrog nitrogen-poov tshuaj chiv, thiab thaum lub sij hawm ntawm tsim ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo - phosphate chiv.
Kev tiv thaiv txau
Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom xa ib qhov teeb meem ua ntej tshaj plaws los kho ib tus kab mob uas tsis nco qab, yog li ib xyoo tom qab cog, txhua lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, tsuag rau tsob ntoo nrog ib tug muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm microelements uas yuav ua rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab 10% kua tshuaj tov. Urea yuav ua rau kom muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo thiab ua kom txhob muaj kab mob pathogenic thiab fungi.
Koj tseem tuaj yeem siv cov tshuaj nram qab no, uas yog tsim los ntawm tag nrho cov tsim nyog cov kab thiab cov acids: "Ekolist", "Salyubor" thiab "Crystal". Lawv pab coj cov ntoo tawm ntawm kev ntxhov siab thaum lub sijhawm huab cua phem los yog "vagaries" ntawm kev nyab xeeb.
Cropping thiab crown tsim
Txiav qhov sapling xav tau ib xyoos tom qab tsaws. Lub hauv paus tua yog luv rau 100 cm, thiab tag nrho cov ceg uas muaj qis dua ib nrab ntawm lub ntsuas cua. Yog li, tsob ntoo yuav tsim ib lub yas zoo uas tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb qis ceg.
Nyob rau hauv ob xyoo, tag nrho cov tua yog shortened by 1/3 kom txo tau ntawm cov tshuaj uas mus mus rau muab tua, thiab nce qhov loj ntawm hauv paus system.
Los ntawm peb lub xyoo pear yuav tsum tau txiav tawm nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav, ua ntej pib SAP khiav. Cov dej khov, qhuav thiab muaj kab tsuag raug tshem tawm, thiab kev hloov ntawm cov yas yog ua tiav raws li qhov koj xav tau. 
Cov kev cai dav dav. Tom qab tshem tawm ntawm cov ceg loj loj thaum lub sij hawm kev tiv thaiv kev laus, qhov chaw ntawm cov saw txiav yuav tsum tau them nrog linseed roj los yog av nplaum thiaj li hais tias tsob ntoo tsis ntaus lub fungus los yog raug tus kab mob. Tag nrho cov ceg raug muab tshem tawm kom nyob rau hauv lawv qhov chaw yuav tsis muaj "stumps", raws li qhov no tsis tsuas spoils qhov tsos, tab sis kuj puas tsuaj rau tsob ntoo.
Kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam txias thiab nas
Yuav kom tiv thaiv cov pear los ntawm nas, koj xav tau tom qab ntog nplooj los npog qis ib feem ntawm pob tw ruberoid los yog spruce. Cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tiv thaiv tsis tsuas yog los ntawm pests, tab sis kuj los ntawm Frost.
Txij li thaum ib tug neeg laus laus tsob ntoo tsis ntshai ntshai heev txawm tias frosts loj heev, nws yog qhov yooj yim kom tsuas qhwv lub qis ntawm lub pob tw. Cov ceg tsis tas yuav muab npog pov tseg los yog khoov mus rau hauv av. Tab sis cov tub ntxhais hluas tsob ntoo zoo dua los npog.
Ua li no, cov ceg raug khi ua ke thiab me ntsis khoov mus rau hauv av. Yog hais tias lub winters yog snowy, nws tsis yog yuav tsum tau los npog qhov tua, tab sis yog hais tias tsis - lawv them nrog spruce nplooj los yog cov khoom uas tso cai rau huab cua kom dhau los ntawm.
Qhov no xaus cov kev sib tham ntawm lub zoo meej pear ntau yam, uas yuav siv tau ob leeg rau tus kheej siv thiab ib qho kev cog qoob loo, thiab tsim kev cog qoob loo thiab xa cov khoom muag mus rau tom khw. Qhov no ntau yam tsis yog ntshai Frost, drought los yog pests, thiab yog li ntawd yuav tsum tau tsuas yog dej raws sij hawm, crown tsim thiab fertilization. Raws li tau hais los saum no, yuav tsum muaj qhov pollinator rau ntau yam, yog li ntawd nws yog tsim nyog cog nws tsuas yog tias nws tsis yog tus kheej cov txiv ntoo pear uas twb loj hlob ntawm koj qhov chaw.
