Cov neeg uas tau siv los yug me nyuam qaib yuav xav paub txog cov cwj pwm ntawm cov tsiaj qus xws li Maran, vim hais tias muaj feem ntau ntawm lawv cov txheeb ze, lawv muaj qee qhov txiaj ntsim, qhia tawm ntawm cov qe thiab cov nqaij cov nqaij. Cia peb to taub cov ntsiab lus ntawm lawv cov lus piav qhia thiab ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov kev cai lij choj uas yuav tsum tau ua, uas yuav ua kom cov khoom loj tshaj plaws.
Kev piav qhia thiab nta ntawm yug menyuam
Txhua tus tsiaj ntawm cov tsiaj thiab cov noog muaj nws tus kheej cov yeeb yam, yog li ntawd breeder muaj peev xwm xaiv rau nws tus kheej tshaj plaws tsim version ntawm domestic tsiaj. Maran qaib tsis yog kev zam rau qhov teeb meem no, vim hais tias nws yog vim lawv pom kev zoo nkauj thiab zoo tsim tau tias lawv tau ua rau ntau tus neeg ua liaj ua teb.
Keeb kwm
Maranas tau yug los ua cov dag zog ntawm Fabkis txoj kev yug tsiaj ua hauj lwm nyob rau 1895 hauv lub nroog ntawm Maran. Xav tias qhov no yog thaj chaw hnyav hnyav heev, tus noog no twb tau tsim kev tiv thaiv zoo rau ntau yam kev phom sij ntawm tus "yug".
Qhov teebmeem no tau txais kev qhuas nrog ib qho khoom plig hauv lub tsho thaum xyoo 1914 (nyob hauv nroog La Rochelle), tom qab uas nws tau muag thoob teb chaws Europe. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv Ukraine thiab Russia tsis muaj leej twg paub txog cov zoo nkauj qaib rau ib lub sij hawm ntev, tab sis kuv yuav tsum hais tias lately lawv tau nce nce hauv domestic farmsteads.
Koj puas paub? Cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias thawj qaib, tom qab dhau los ua nqaij qaib, nyob hauv Ethiopia txog 3,000 xyoo dhau los.
Cov ntaub ntawv sab nraud
Thaum piav qhia txog cov nqaij tsiaj nyeg, thawj zaug ntawm txhua tus, yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rau nws qhov muag thiab khoom tsim tau, vim tias cov kev cai no ua rau lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev xaiv. 
Raws li cov lus piav qhia ntawm Maran, cov hauv qab no muaj feem xyuam rau lawv. tsos yam ntxwv:
- Cov no yog cov nruab nrab los yog me ntsis loj tshaj nruab nrab qaib, lub roosters ntawm uas ncav cuag 4 kg, thiab qhov ceeb thawj ntawm hens yog txog 3 kg;
- tag nrho cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tsiaj muaj muag zoo nkauj txiv kab ntxwv-liab, ib tus ntsia tho luv luv (hangs ntawm ib kaum ntawm 45 °), thiab ze-fitting feathers;
- qhov zoo ntawm lub cev yog elongated, thiab lub taub hau yog me me;
- roosters yog txawv ntawm lawv cov hens los ntawm lawv cov plumage nce (hauv particular, nyob rau hauv lub caj dab cheeb tsam) thiab los ntawm muaj cov cim zoo ua cim;
- Cov ceg ntawm cov noog yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov loj, nrog plaub ntiv tes pom zoo (lawv cov xim nws txawv ntawm dawb mus rau qhov tsaus dub, nyob ntawm qhov xim ntawm cov plaub);
- lub xub pwg ntawm cov qaib yog cov siab thiab dav, thiab lub caj dab ntev ntev yog npog nrog plaub, uas, vim lawv ntev, tsim ib qho zoo nkauj "dab tshos";
- muaj ib tug daj, me ntsis curved beak, uas zoo nkaus li muaj zog heev thiab muaj zog.
Nyeem kuj hais txog tus thawj tswj grey, amrox, brahma, leggorn, Kuchinskaya jubilee, Poltava, Zagorskaya salmon, redbro, rhode kob, Adler nyiaj pob zeb.
Cov dej cawv subspecies ntawm no yug tseem txawv, uas txawv ntawm dog dig noog hauv loj: qhov no, qhov loj ntawm cov neeg sawv cev tsis tshaj ib kilogram (rau roosters) thiab 900 g rau qaib.
Raws li rau lwm cov yeeb yam, Kuv xav kom nco ntsoov txog cov xwm txheej ntawm Maran, vim tias lawv yog cov neeg sib luag thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nqaij qaib, txawm tias lawv muaj peev xwm ua tau ntau yam ntawm ntau yam.
Productivity
Tej zaum, qhov kev yug tsiaj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov nqaij thiab cov qe, txij li thaum lawv tau bred tau txais ob qho tib si. Ib txheej yog tau nqa txog 150 qe ib xyoo, thiab yuav luag txhua tus muaj xim chocolate thiab muaj lub plhaub khov (nws yog cov xim uas ua rau cov qaib no hu ua "cov noog uas yog cov qe dub"). Ib lub qe nyhav rau nruab nrab ntawm 65 mus rau 75 g thiab muaj lub siab saj.
Koj puas paub? Yog tias koj ntseeg tias tus yug me nyuam, lub tswm ciab ntawm lub qe, lub tastier thiab zoo dua.
Qhov tseeb yuav hais, siv cov khoom noj tsuas yog rau cov nqaij xwb, vim tias lawv qhov tseem ceeb yog tseem qe loj. Rau thawj lub sij hawm, chickens pib yug thaum lub hnub nyoog ntawm 5-6 lub hlis, tab sis lub sij hawm no qhov loj ntawm lub qe tsis ntau tshaj 55-60 g thiab tej zaum yuav tsis muaj ib tug yam ntxwv xim. Tom qab ib qho luv luv ntawm lub sij hawm, txhua yam yog li qub. 
Xim xaiv
Cov nta ntawm tus tsiaj tso cai rau koj tsuas qhuas tus noog no, vim hais tias ntxiv nrog rau lub cev zoo, txhua tus neeg sawv cev muaj peev xwm khwv tau ntawm ntau hom xim plumage. Ntawm cov maranov, cov neeg uas muaj dub-tooj liab, nyiaj thiab dawb plaub sib txawv, tab sis nws yog thawj qhov kev xaiv uas yog feem ntau qhuas. 
Tus plaub ntawm tus neeg sawv cev ntawm lub npauj npaim (nws tshwm sim feem ntau) yog qhov dub tag rau saum toj, shimmering nrog ib "Golden necklace" ntawm lub caj dab, thiab nyob rau hauv roosters ci kub kub ntawm lub hauv siab thiab reddish feathers nyob rau nraum qab kuj yog ib qho txawv txav. 
Qee tus neeg hu ua maranov "Golden cuckoos". Lawv cov xim tiag tiag tsa lub cuckoo, nrog rau cov dub thiab kub cev. Qhov no version ntawm lub coloring yog tsawg dua thiab yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txaus siab los ntawm breeders. 
Tsis tas li ntawd, yog lub npe hu ua hom qoob mog mog. Hauv qhov no, roosters ci ntxoov kub plaub hau tawm hauv lub hauv siab thiab ntawm lub caj dab, thiab hens tsiag ntawv los ntawm ib tug daj daj plumage, tab sis nyob rau hauv qee lub sij hawm cov xim yuav tig mus rau hauv ib tug Golden-liab, tej zaum nrog ib tug xim av zas. 
Cov neeg dawb huv cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tsiaj tsis yog li ntawd, vim tias tsis muaj cov qauv txawv ntawm lawv cov plaub, tab sis yog tias koj ntsia nws, qhov no tsis cuam tshuam rau qhov kev ua tau zoo.
Ib qhov kev xaiv nthuav yog "Colombian xim": nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus dawb dawb nyob rau hauv lub cev, muaj ib tug dub "txoj hlua" nyob ib ncig ntawm lub caj dab.
Koj puas paub? Kev tsim tawm ntawm cov qe nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm nqaij qaib yuav siv txog ib hnub, thiab rau nws tsos tsis tas muaj ib tug rooster.
Yuav ua li cas tsis ua yuam kev thaum koj muas
Thaum koj yuav ib tug txiv neej, koj tuaj yeem nco ntsoov tias koj tab tom yuav ib tug noog nrog kev ua tau zoo, txuas ntxiv los ntawm kev pom zoo, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog xaiv cov me nyuam qaib thiab tsis txhob dag.
Hmoov tsis, ntau tus neeg ua liaj ua teb, tsis paub lossis tsis paub meej, feem ntau yog muab tawm raws li cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov menyuam yaus ntawm cov qaib uas tsis yog nws li, thiab nyob rau hauv neeg laus lawv yeej tsis muaj qhov yuav tsum tau siv cov yam ntxwv. Txoj cai tseem ceeb ntawm kev yuav khoom raws li nram qab no: mus rau ib tug noog uas tsuas yog pov thawj yug los yog ua liaj teb uas chim siab yuav tsis tos rau koj. 
Tsis tas li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau kawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm maranov kom zoo, vim tias muaj ib tus neeg laus uas muaj ib tus neeg laus uas muaj xim tooj liab tsis yog ib tus neeg sawv cev ntawm qhov yug, tiam sis tsuas yog ntawm kev sib tw nrog lwm hom kab sib txawv.
Yog tias koj yuav qe tsuas yog ntxiv qe tsim kom rov qab tsim dua, ces xaiv cov qauv ntawm cov nplua nuj xim nplua nuj, vim lawv feem ntau tshwm "cov neeg sawv cev" ntawm cov tsiaj qus.
Peb tawm tswv yim rau koj nyeem txog cov qe qaib: Minorca, Dub Bearded, Sussex, Orpington, Lavxias Dawb, Andalusian, Tus Dominant, Kochinquin, Fireball, Viandot, Broken Brown.
Cov xwm txheej ntawm kev raug txim
Txawm hais tias yeej txawv txav calm cim thiab muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb rau lwm tus neeg sawv cev ntawm lub chaw ua haujlwm, lawv yog cov neeg ua haujlwm heev, uas yog vim li cas lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob cia nyob hauv ib qho kev kaw ntom nti xwb, tab sis kuj tseem niaj hnub tsim ua rau cov zaub nyoos los sis hauv cov laj kab-taug kev, tab sis nrog kev muaj nyom.
Qhov zoo tagnrho xaiv kom ua rau cov qaib ntawm no yug yuav yuav ib tug dav thiab dawb aviary. Nrog nyob ntev hauv huab cua, lawv cov khoom tsim tau nce, thiab lawv pib maj mam zoo.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Qhov chaw xaiv rau lub qhib lub cua tawb yuav tsum tsis txhob damp, raws li rams tiv taus cov kab mob "nqaij qaib" li niaj zaus tsis txhob siab siab qoob.
Yog hais tias chav tsev nyob ntawm thaj chaw sib ntxoo thiab lub hnub lub rays tsis tshua nkag hauv - saib xyuas ua ntej. zoo lub teeb hom (koj tuaj yeem siv LED zoo tib yam), uas yog tsim nyog rau kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov noog. 
Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, qhov nqaij qaib coop yuav tsum tau lit rau yam tsawg 10-11 xuab moos, ces kev ua tau ntawm cov noog yuav nyob rau theem siab. Nws yog qhov zoo dua kom muaj lub plhaub tsev hauv lub tsev txhab: tsawg kawg yuav muaj teebmeem ntxiv nrog nws, tab sis cov noog yuav zoo dua.
Qhov nruab nrab, kwv yees li 4-5 hens yuav tsum poob rau 1 m² ntawm lub tsev.
Cov qaib txawv txawv tuaj yeem txiav txim siab hauv koj cov paj xyua: sib ntaus los yog zoo nkauj.
Pub pub noj
Kev noj zaub mov zoo yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev saib xyuas, ntawm chav kawm, yog tias koj xav tau ib qho kev noj qab haus huv uas muaj cov kev loj hlob zoo thiab cov qes qis ntau. Nyob rau hauv kev noj haus ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub yug Maran yuav tsum tam sim no grain (nyiam dua hom qoob mog) thiab tws zaub, nrog ntxiv ntawm tshwj xeeb vitamin complexes.
Txwv tsis pub, no yug yog tsis heev xav tau ntawm cov khoom noj thiab nws cov neeg sawv cev yuav tsum tau pub nrog tib cov khoom noj raws li lwm cov breeds. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov khoom noj pluas noj thiab cov calcium uas ua hauj lwm rau qee zaus, thiab qee zaus koj tuaj yeem ua kom koj cov players nrog cov nqaij ntses los yog nqaij thiab pob txha noj. 
Kws txawj nyob rau hauv thaj teb ntawm yug me nyuam noog tau ntev xam txhua txhua hnub tus nqi ntawm pub rau chickens. Yog li, txhua txhua hnub lub hens xav kom noj pub uas yuav muab lawv nrog lub zog nyob rau hauv 300-320 kcal, dhau mus, cov nyoos protein hauv cov zaub mov noj yuav tsum tsawg kawg yog 20 g. Ib xyoo, ib tug qaib noj tau 40 kg ntawm cov khoom noj thiab 15-20 kg ntawm cov zaub ntsuab, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau nws cov khoom tsim tau.
Kawm yuav ua li cas rau nruab feeders thiab drinkers rau chickens.
Nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum paub thiab dab tsi ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus yuav tsum tau muab rau cov qaib. Raws li peb twb tau hais lawm, tus rams xav tau hom qoob mog, tab sis lawv tuaj yeem muab tau thiab pob kws, uas yog qhov chaw ntawm cov carbohydrates, tab sis nws kuj muaj 6% rog (kom muaj txiaj ntsim ntawm kev noj zaub mov zoo dua qub).
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, hom qoob mog ua kom nws muab tau cov noog nrog vitamins E thiab B, thiab nrog oats lawv tau txais ntau ntawm fiber, uas yog lub luag hauj lwm rau kev loj hlob ntawm plumage. Nws kuj zoo yog tias 1/3 ntawm grain yuav nkag tau rau hauv kev noj haus nyob rau hauv daim ntawv germinated.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Ib tug qaib ib hnub twg yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 250 ml dej.
Yog hais tias koj yog ib tug pib nqaij qaib breeder, thiab nws tseem tsis yooj yim mus rau txhua tus nqi ntawm ntau cov khoom noj, ces koj yuav noj cov maranov nrog npaj txhij-pub, nyob rau hauv uas txhua hnub ration rau tso hens yog li ncaj li sai tau.
Yog li, nyob rau hauv tus qauv ntawm no muaj 45% ntawm pob kws, 12% cov nplej, 7% ntawm barley thiab sunflower noj mov, thiab tseem nyom, ntses thiab nqaij thiab pob txha noj mov li ntawm 4-5%. Muaj nyob rau hauv pub thiab plhaub, limestone (txog 7%) thiab txawm ntsev (0.3%). 
Xws li lub plhaub thiab chalk, koj noog yuav tsum tau nkag mus rau nws. Txwv tsis pub, nws tsis tsim nyog tos rau cov qe ntau heev, thiab cov tsos ntawm cov qaib yuav tsis zoo dua: vim tsis muaj calcium nyob rau hauv lub cev, feem ntau pib poob thiab feem ntau cov xim xim ploj.
Thaum tsis tau npaj txhij lawm, koj txoj hauj lwm yog los teeb duab txog kev noj haus yog li ntawd nws yog rau seem ua khoom noj, peb qhov chaw ua zaub ua rau zaub, thiab ib qho ntau yam khoom ntxiv rau cov khoom siv silage, sunflower oilcake, khoom noj khoom haus (hauv fermented daim ntawv), nettle, etc. zoo heev. Grain yuav tsum yog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws, thiab cov khoom ntxiv yuav tsum tov nrog dej.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Tsis txhob muab cov qaib tshiab coj los ua ke. Ua kom zoo rau cov kab pleev xim rau hauv dej thiab sib tov nrog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tuaj yeem. Zoo sib xws, koj muaj peev xwm sib tov boiled qos yaj ywm nrog pob txha noj mov.
Tu thiab tu cev
Ntxiv nrog rau pub mis, tus noog yuav tsum tau muab nrog tu kom zoo. Nws muab rau kev tu ncua thiab tu dej hauv lub tsev, kev ua cov tsiaj txhu los ntawm cov nab npawb thiab cov puam, qhov chaw tso quav ntawm cov nqaij qaib coop thiab kev hwm rau lub teeb cias rau hauv nws: thaum caij ntuj no - tsawg kawg yog ob teev, thiab nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov - ntev me ntsis.
Kuj npaj koj cov tsiaj "plua plav hav" uas lawv tuaj yeem ntxuav lawv cov plaub. Raws li qhov nruab nrab, khib nyiab tu (nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm tsis pub tshaj 10 tus neeg 5 m²) yuav tsum tau ua txhua ob peb hnub, tab sis nrog cov qaib ntau txoj hau kev no tau ntau zaus.
Saib thiab hais tias qhov ntsuas kub nyob hauv tsev tsis poob rau hauv qab + 15 º C.
Zuam me hauv tsev
Tus txheej txheem ntawm kev sib xyaw cov qe pib nrog xaiv ntawm cov qauv uas tsim nyog rau qhov no. Nws yog ntshaw tias lawv txhua tus muaj tib lub loj thiab muaj ib pawg tsis pub tsawg dua 65 g. 
Yuav ua li cas thiaj yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj kom paub tseeb tias cov niam txiv muaj kev tsim nyog rau sab nraud zoo uas ua raws li cov qauv kev yug menyuam.
Thaum yug me nyuam Maran qaib, qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim kom loj hlob yog lub plhaub ntim daim nyias nyias thiab lub plhaub ntawm lub qe, vim cov qaib tsis muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv nrog lawv thiaj li tawm tau.
Nyob hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm cov qaub ncaug, ovoscopy yog ib qho yuav tsum tau ua. Tshawb xyuas seb nws yog dab tsi, vim li cas koj xav tau nws thiab cov khoom siv uas koj xav tau rau nws.
Nws yog qhov teeb meem uas feem ntau ua rau kev tuag ntawm cov qaib, thiab kom tsis txhob zoo li qhov tsis zoo nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm qhov tsim kom loj hlob, lub qe yuav tsum tau muab cov qhov cua zoo (qhov kev txiav txim no yuav pab tiv thaiv choking cov tsis muaj oxygen). Tiv thaiv kom tau lub embryo ntawm ziab mus rau lub plhaub yuav pab tig lub qe tsis tu ncua.
Nyob rau hauv lub xeem hnub ntawm tsim kom ntev lub sij hawm, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov av noo ntawm huab cua. Cov nqi no yuav tsum nyob rau theem ntawm 75%, qhov no nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau tshuaj tsuag masonry nrog lub raj mis ib hnub ib zaug. Kom tsis txhob overheating ntawm yav tom ntej me nyaum qaib, thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm los mus tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm xws li xws li lub curvature ntawm tus ntiv tes, kev paub txog breeders pom zoo maj txo qhov ntsuas kubpib los ntawm kaum rau hnub ntawm kev tsim kom loj hlob. Qhov txo yuav tsum tau ua txhua hnub nyob rau ntawm 0.2 ° li ntawd los ntawm lub sij hawm cov tub ntxhais hluas tshwm, nws yuav nyob rau ntawm theem ntawm 36.8-36.9 °.
Maran cov qe, zoo li ntau lwm yam tsiaj txhu uas txawv lawv cov khoom loj loj, yuav tsum muab tso rau ntawm lawv sab, thiaj li pw hauv txoj hauj lwm dawb.
Thaum cov lus foom tsis zoo, nws yog qhov tsim nyog kom paub tseeb tias nyob hauv qhov chaw no tsis muaj qhov khoom uas ua rau tus txheej txheem ntawm qhov pom ntawm tus me nyuam qaib (lub qe tuaj yeem ntes los yog pw rau ntawm tus neeg zej zog). Koj tuaj yeem pab cov menyuam ua haujlwm hauv txoj haujlwm nyuab, rhuav lub plhaub hauv lub voj voog. 
Yog tias tag nrho cov kev cai ntawm tsev tsim muaj cai (nws yog zoo dua yog tias tshwj xeeb cov cuab yeej siv rau cov hom phiaj no), Maran qaib yuav pom lub ntiaj teb no ntxov li 21 hnub tom qab muab qe.
Yog tias koj xav kom tsis muaj teeb meem cuam tshuam rau qhov kev xav tau los tswj cov txheej txheem, koj tuaj yeem tso siab rau txoj hauj lwm ua hauj lwm rau ib tus neeg laus uas tau txhim khu kev noj qab haus huv uas muaj peev xwm saib xyuas cov me nyuam nws tus kheej.
Feem ntau, tsis tau hu ua nyuaj rau Maranov, vim hais tias los ntawm thiab loj cov cai ntawm lawv cov kev tu thiab kev saib xyuas tsis txawv ntau ntawm kev ua zoo sib xws thaum yug me nyuam yug tsiaj. Yog li no, yog tias nws tseem ceeb rau koj tau txais qis qis thiab cua, thiab thaum koj mus sab nraud tuaj pom tus noog zoo nkauj yog qhov koj xaiv.
