"Riesling" - ib tug txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam zus rau qhuav ntawm cov dawb cawv. Qhov ntau yam yog ib qho nrov tshaj plaws ntawm "Chardonnay" thiab "Sauvignon". Siv grapes ntawm no ntau yam, tau zoo siab wines tsim. Qhov no zoo muab nws nrog ib tug siab ntsuam ntawm tag nrho lwm yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam. Cov ntsiab lus "Riesling": "Dawb Riesling", "Rhine Riesling", "Riesling Johannisberg", "Johanisberger", "Weiser", "Dawb", "Moselle", "Rhine", "Rislinok".
Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb kawm txog hom txiv hmab txiv ntoo nws yog dab tsi thiab qhov caw pob hu ua "Riesling".
Caw thiab txiv hmab: keeb kwm ntawm yug me nyuam
Thawj cov lus hais txog "Riesling" muaj nyob rau hauv zaj paj lug "Moselle" los ntawm cov neeg sau paj huam qub Magna Ausonia, uas nws hais txog Moselle-crowned gorges nyob rau hauv Rhine dej. Nyob rau hauv XV caug xyoo, thawj rau seedlings ntawm no ntau yam tau cog ze ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev fuabtais Russelheim. Thiab winemakers ntseeg hais tias thawj ntau yam tau bred rov qab rau hauv 843 nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm Louis II Le Germain, uas muaj cov av German thaum ntawd.
Cog rau nws txoj cai raws tus dej ntawm Rhin valley hu ua Reisen (txhais los ntawm txhais tau tias German "lub caij nplooj zeeg").
Koj yuav xav paub txog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo xws li "Helios", "Gala", "Chameleon", "Cov ntiv tes", "Harold", "Lily ntawm Valley", "Veles", "Ruslan", "Vostorg", "Sphinx" , "Pretty Woman", "Annie", "Talisman".Pib, lub caw ntawm no ntau yam yog tsis nrov. Fame coj ib qho chaw muaj hmoo. Raws li cov lus dab neeg, tus tub txib uas tau tso cai rau sau qoob loo, tau ploj thiab tuaj txog ob lub lis piam tom qab.
Los ntawm ces, lub grapes twb ripened thiab twb them nrog puab. Thaum koj tau ua ib tug txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo dhau los, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo caw pom tias thaum twg cov kab txhwb qaib, nws ua tau ntau dua li qub thiab tastier. Kev lag luam abbot Fulda, leej twg yuav thiab txum tim lub ruins ntawm Johannisberg monastery thiab nws cov vaj tse uas tau tso pov tseg, thaum kawg rov qab lub koob npe nrov ntawm Riesling. Ua tsaug rau abbot, qhov no txiv hmab tau ua nrov tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws. Maj mam, nws lub koob meej mus txog teb chaws Europe.
Koj puas paub? Txheem "Riesling" Nws suav hais tias yog ib qho dej caw los ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj monastery ntawm Johannisberg.Cov koob npe ntawm Riesling kuj tau txais los ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov hauv zos winemakers, sim los tsim ib qho analogue, cog Muller-Thurgau txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam. Lub cawv txiv hmab pib ua kom tsis muaj zog thiab tsis tshua zoo heev.
Qhov xwm tau pab cov cawv no. Yog li, nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov frosty winters, tag nrho Muller-Thurgau ntau yam tau tu thiab ib Riesling tiag tiag cog cog nws, muaj peev xwm ua rau lub siab hnyav caij ntuj no. Lub ntsiab ntau yam ntawm vineyards nyob rau hauv Alsace "Riesling" los ua tom qab xyoo 1960.
Xav txog ib qho kev piav qhia ntawm lub grapes "Riesling", ib qho kev piav qhia ntawm ntau yam thiab nws cov duab.
Varietal yam ntxwv
Varietal yam ntxwv ntawm grapes cia berries mus nce qhov siab tshaj plaws. Cov nroj tsuag ntev - 130-150 hnub thaum tsis muaj qhov txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Tsob nroj
Bush srednerosly nrog ib tug coj nce nyob rau hauv lub maturation ntawm vine.
Nplooj yog tsib-lobed, tuab, nrog jagged sawv ntawm medium loj, me ntsis lowered, nrog ib tug ntiav kev sib tw ntawm lub teeb ntsuab xim (cov nplooj ntsuab ntawm ib tug ntxoov bronze). Qhov lawv sab qaum yog qhov ntsws. Cov nplooj bloom lig, tab sis qhov no vaj tse muab Frost tsis kam mus rau riesing. Lub petiole yog qhib, paj yeeb ntxoo.
Cov tub ntxhais hluas tua ntawm Bush yog nyias, kis, ntsuab nyob rau hauv cov xim thiab them nrog me pubescence.
Riesling paj ntawm ob qho kev sib deev yog nws ntog tawm, uas tom qab ntawd cuam tshuam qhov tawm los. Tom qab lawv flowering, ib tug me me nruj pawg nrog me me ntsuab berries yog tsim.
Lub vine yog ib xyoos, me me, cylindrical teeb xim av xim nyob rau ntawm ib lub woody luv luv. Ntev - 8-14 cm, dav tsis ntau tshaj 8.
Berries
Lub berries yog me me (1.5 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb), puag ncig, greenish-dawb los yog daj nyob rau hauv cov xim, thaum lub sij hawm ntawm ripening nrog yam ntxwv ua thaj ntawm tsaus xim xim nqaij ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Daim tawv nqaij yog nyias, tab sis check. Berry muaj 2-4 noob.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Ib tug zoo grape sau nrog loj hlob kev lag luam qhia tias kev tuag ntawm Bush. Cov nroj tsuag sim ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm nws cov hom loj noob tsim.Cov nqaij yog muaj kua, qab zib, nplua nuj saj.
Qab zib cov ntsiab lus yog nruab nrab ntawm 20%, acidity yog txog li 10-11 g / l. Sau kom loj hlob tuaj tom qab 5-6 lub hlis.
Ntaus zuj zus
Lub sijhawm ntawm lub voj voog ntawm lub neej thiab cov khoom noj tuaj yeem yog nyob ntawm qhov kev mob thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev loj hlob "Riesling".
Koj yuav xav paub txog cov cai ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas loj hlob tuaj ntawm pob zeb.Ib qho tseem ceeb feature ntawm nws cultivation yog tias, nws loj hlob nyob rau hauv kub cov huab cua kub, tag nrho cov saj zoo ntawm berries thiab cawu cub yog poob. Qhov zoo zoo ntawm no grape yog cuam tshuam los ntawm kev nyab xeeb kev nyab xeeb, uas muab nws nrog ib tug ntev loj hlob rau lub caij.
Koj puas paub? Yog hais tias koj noj mus rau hauv tus account tag nrho cov nta ntawm cultivation, lub vineyard yog muaj peev xwm los txiv hmab txiv ntoo 30-50 xyoo, thaum lub sij hawm lub neej ntawm ob tiam.
Teeb pom kev zoo
Lub Illumination yog txoj cai tswj hwm rau kev loj hlob zoo thiab nws cov fruiting. "Riesling" tsis zoo ib yam nkaus thiab tsaus ntuj nti, tab sis ntev li ntawm tshav kub yog qhov tsis zoo rau nws. Nws tsis nyiam cua kub hnyiab thiab prefers kub, lub teeb thiab txias hmo thaum nruab hnub.
Cov av uas yuav tsum tau
Riesling hlub calcareous thiab tsis heev fertile cov av. Qhov no ua rau cov pawg ua ke tuaj yeem tsim muaj ntau hom kev qhia ntau yam minerals thiab kab kawm. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev txog kev ya raws. Nws nyiam tsis swampy, moderately moist, zoo-ventilated av.
Riesling tuaj yeem tuaj yeem tuaj yeem ua rau cov neeg txom nyem xau, tab sis qhov no ncaj qha rau nws cov khoom tsim tau.
Qhov zoo tagnrho rau nws yog qhov mob rocky slopes.
Tsav cov cai
Cog txiv hmab yog ib txoj hau kev ntev uas yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas. Nws yog tsim rau hnub ci ntsa iav. Lub sij hawm rau cog yog xaiv nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav los yog Autumn.
Lub ntsiab lus yog huab cua sov tsis tshaj 10 ° C hauv qab xoom thiab tsis tshaj 15 ° C hauv qab xoom.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nrog rau ib qho kev sib tshuam uake ntawm tsawg kawg 3 meters thiab ib qhov 1.2 m ntawm nruab nrab ntawm cov kev fab, qhov kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug vine mus txog 10 xyoo yog ensured.Thaum xaiv ib qhov chaw, yuav tsaws tau los ntawm txoj kab tawm ntawm qhov tsis pub tsawg tshaj 3 meters ntawm txhua lwm tus. Xws li cog yuav muab rau yav tom ntej ntawm grapes nrog txaus qhov chaw rau kev loj hlob.
Lub ntiaj teb tab tom npaj ob txoj hau kev:
- Lub trench yog dug 60-70 cm tob.
- Ib tug cog cog ntawm tib lub tob yog dug, tsis tsawg tshaj li 60 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Cov ntaub ntawv cog qoob loo yuav tsum tsis pub dawb los ntawm kev puas tsuaj, cov kab mob loj hlob thiab lwm yam kab mob ntawm tus kab mob.Zoo cog cov khoom nyob rau hauv qhov siab tsis tsawg tshaj li 20 cm, muaj 3-4 ntub keeb kwm thiab 4-5 buds on to top shoot.
Thaum cog, hauv paus system yuav tsum tau me ntsis kho (txiav tawm) thiab dipped mus rau hauv ib qho kev loj hlob stimulant daws (Fumar, Heteroauxin, Succinic Acid). Tsaws yog ua tiav rau hauv daim ntawv xaj:
- ib txheej ntawm fertilized lub ntiaj teb no yog muab nchuav rau hauv lub qhov av tau pom (10-15 cm);
- nyob rau ntawm tsim hillock, straightening hauv paus system, muab ib sapling;
- kom txog rau thaum nruab nrab ntawm qhov aub tsiv, lub fertilized av yog poured nyob rau hauv thiab maj mam trampled cia;
- qhov pit me ntsis dej sov nrog dej sov;
- Thaum twg cov av dries, lub qhov ntog ntog pw tsaug zog kiag li.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Grapes caij nplooj ntoos hlav cog txiv hmab txiv ntoo twb nyob rau hauv 2nd xyoo. Autumn txoj kev yuav muab fruiting tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 3.Proper cog yuav xyuas kom muaj zog loj hlob thiab zoo fruiting nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej.
Qib Care
Lub hauv paus ntawm lub xyoo tom ntej sau yog zoo saib xyuas ntawm lub xyoo no lub vine, uas muaj zoo watering, fertilizing cov av, raws sij hawm txiav thiab tshem tawm weeds.
Qhov no yuav cia nws paub "qhov muag" thiab lub caij ntuj no, thiab muab lub neej rau yav tom ntej tua.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! "Riesling" tsis zam ntub nplooj, thiab high av noo noo provokes kab mob ntawm vine.
Watering
Periodic moderate watering yog ua rau tsuas yog rau cov tub ntxhais hluas saplings nyob rau hauv ob xyoos ntawm lub hnub nyoog thiab nres ob lub lim tiam ua ntej flowering. Nyob rau hauv peb qhov kev nyab xeeb ntawm huab cua, tsis tuaj yeem tsis tuaj yeem, tab sis thaum lub caij nyoog qhuav nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau nruab nrab thiab tusyees moisten cov av (tsis pub tshaj plaub zaug tauj ib lub caij). Watering yuav tsum tau tso tseg rau lub sij hawm ntawm flowering thiab thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm intensive kev loj hlob ntawm tua.
Fertilizer
Thaum rooting seedlings ntawm grapes, nws yog pub rau periodically loosen cov av thiab pub nws nrog pob zeb hauv av chiv yuav nyob rau hauv txhua lub vaj teb khw.
Kawm txog grape fertilizer nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg.Uas noj, uas tau ua nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm cog thiab tom qab nws, kav rau ob xyoos tom ntej.
Tom qab 3-4 xyoos, nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm tag nrho thiab ruaj khov fruiting, ntxiv pub mis yog nqa tawm, txwv tsis pub muaj yuav tsis yuav ib tug zoo txiv hmab qoob loo sau.
Pruning
Yuav kom nce branching ntawm grapes txhua lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, ob peb buds pruned los ntawm muaj zog cov tub ntxhais hluas ceg. Pruning yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav, txwv tsis pub lub bushes yuav loj hlob ntseeg tau, thiab cov berries yuav heev me me.
Nws yuav pab tau rau koj kom paub txog qhov tseeb ntawm cov txiv hmab hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg.Thaum lub plhaub zeeg, cov hmab tau muab ib daim ntawv tshwj xeeb thiab yooj yim rau kev tu nws thiab vaj tse rau lub caij ntuj no (yog tias chaw nkaum npaj).
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Trimming nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo tom qab disembarkation yog tsis ua.Tus txheej txheem ntawm pruning thiab molding yog rov qab rau 3-6 xyoos kom txog thaum lub Bush acquires nws cov kev pom zoo. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej, pruning yog tsuas yog nyob rau hauv tshem tawm ntawm ib lub xyoo los yog tsis muaj zog gains.
Nroj tsuag tshem tawm thiab kev tu tsiaj
Kev tu xyuas av yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev cog paj thiab kev loj hlob zoo. Zoo, noo noo thiab loosened av yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov kev ua si ntawm kev av microflora, thiab tom qab - enriching lub ntiaj teb nrog muab kev pab cuam.
Cov av thoob plaws lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav-lub caij nplooj zeeg yuav tsum muaj kev ua haujlwm, thiab txhua yam nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm tam sim ntawd.
Kev tu rau cov av nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov yuav tsum yog lub sijhawm ua loos rau lub ntiaj teb. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg, tob digging yog tsim nyog, thaum lub sij hawm uas pob zeb hauv av thiab cov organic chiv tseem nkag tau rau hauv cov av. Ib txoj hauv kev zoo los tiv thaiv kom zoo ntawm thaj av thiab xyuas kom tsis muaj nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv grapes loj tshaj li plaub lub xyoo yog zaluzhenie (sodding). Fudging yuav sowing xws tshuaj ntsuab ntawm kab, xws li fescue, clover, mustard, ryegrass, alfalfa.
Hom no yuav tso cai rau khaws cov av txheej hauv av thiab yuav ua rau nws tiv thaiv thaum lub caij huab cua. Tab sis nws yuav tsum tau systematic nyom txiav nyom.
Kuv puas yuav tsum tau npog cov txiv hmab rau lub caij ntuj no
Riesling tsis nyiam sov, nyiam hnyav kev nyab xeeb thiab paub tab txawm nyob hauv huab cua. Tsis tas li ntawd on nws Frost tsis raug cuam tshuam zoo ntawm lub tsaws.
Tshawb tawm cov tswv yim zoo tshaj plaws rau kev nkaum txiv hmab rau lub caij ntuj no.Yog hais tias tag nrho cov kev npaj ua, cog thiab tu lub grapes yog ua kom raug, ces cov nroj tsuag hlob zoo thiab yog muaj peev xwm kom ciaj sia lub caij ntuj no hnyav txawm tias tsis muaj qhov puas tsuaj loj.
Lub cultivation ntawm grapes los ntawm npog thiab tsis-npog rau lub caij ntuj no yog ua nyob rau hauv txoj kev nram qab no:
- Ib lub qia nrog ib qhov siab ntawm 1.2 meters yog tsim rau ib tug txiv hmab txiv ntoo uncovered. Cov tub ntxhais hluas muaj cov stems hauv ib xyoo. Lub stab txoj kev yog raws li kev cai ntawm buds thiab ceg. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los saib xyuas lub xeev ntawm lub pob tw: nws yuav tsum yog ntsug yam tsis muaj khoov. Thaum twg yog khoov, lub pob tw yog khi rau lub peg kom paub meej txoj kev loj hlob.
- Rau qhov yuav tsum npog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, nws yuav tsum siv txoj hau kev ntawm 3-4 tes tsho 40-60 cm ntev. Nrog no txoj kev loj hlob ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws load rau ntawm cov nroj tsuag - tsis muaj ntau tshaj 30 tua. Ntxiv mus, nrog qia txoj kev loj hlob, muaj kev txaus ntshai ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub grapes los ntawm Frost raug txo.
Kab mob thiab pests ntawm ntau yam
Tsis resistant rau cov kab mob xws li kab mob cancer, oidium (powdery mildew), grey rot (kagatnaya rot).
Ntau resistant rau mildew fungal tus kab mob.
Botrytis cinerea yog pwm fungus tias ua zoo rau Riesling berries. Ua tsaug rau nws, qhov feem pua ntawm ya raws hauv berries txo, thaum tus nqi ntawm cov zaub mov thiab suab thaj nce. Nws kuj yog tsis tiv taus cov kab tsuag ntawm phylloxera thiab cov nplooj ntawv grapevine. Tsis tas li ntawd kab laug sab grapes nres mite, txiv hmab txiv ntoo liab liab (nplooj nplooj mite) thiab grape thrips.
Kev tiv thaiv yog suav tias yog ib qho kev tiv thaiv zoo ntawm cov txiv hmab tawm los ntawm kab tsuag thiab kab mob. Cov kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv yog: kev saib xyuas ntawm cov av thiab nws cov chiv, sij hawm txiav thiab dej, nrog rau kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb.
Kawm txog cov kab mob txaus ntshai ntawm cov txiv hmab.Qhov no muaj xws li cov txau nrog cov khoom sib txuas ntawm cov hlau, hmoov phaj thiab lwm yam fungicides, los yog ywg dej hauv qab hauv paus nrog ib qho tshuaj "Fundazole" yuav tom khw.
Txheej txheem tiv thaiv kev tu ncua kuj ua rau thaj chaw vineyard impregnable rau pathogens thiab kab tsuag. Txoj cai tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias vineyards yuav tsum tsis txhob tawg rau hauv qhov chaw uas tsis zoo, qhov ntub thiab qhov chaw muaj zog, nrog qhov tsis zoo, qhov zoo rau cov kab mob no.
Hom mob Riesling
Riesling yog nyob rau hauv nws zoo, thiab qhov degree ntawm ripeness ntawm berries cuam tshuam nws cov tsiaj.
Yog li, Rieslings tau muab faib ua cov hom nram qab no:
- Kabinett ("txee") - lub teeb uas qhuav qhuav los yog semi-qab zib los ntawm qoob loo ntawm cov qoob loo, cov ntsiab lus cawv - tsis tshaj 8-10%;
- Spätlese ("spatleze") - cawu cub qhuav los ntawm twb ripe berries 12-14 hnub tom qab xaiv berries rau Kabinett, cawv ntsiab lus - 9-11%;
- Auslese ("auslese") yog ib qho dej caw ntawm xuas tes xaiv ntawm ripened berries, tua tom qab de Spätlese. Nws tuaj yeem yog ob qho tib si qhuav thiab qab zib, cov ntsiab lus cawv tsis yog qis dua 10-15%;
- Beerenauslese ("berenausleze") - yog ib qho kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo ua los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas twb dhau los lawm thiab twb tau muaj Botrytis cinerea (botrytised) cov txiv hmab nrog cov ntsiab lus qab zib ntawm tsawg kawg 29%;
- Eissein (Eissein) yog cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm cov khov nab kuab ntawm -7 ° C. Tsaug rau dej khov dej khov, ua kom muaj suab thaj ntau tuaj;
- Trockenbeerenauslese ("Trokenberenauslese") yog ib qho khoom noj qab zib qab zib uas ua los ntawm tag nrho botanical berries, cov ntsiab lus qab zib muaj ntau tshaj 36%.
Koj puas paub? Yuav kom tsim tau ib lub raj mis ntawm Trockenbeerenauslese nrog ib lub peev xwm ntawm 0,75 liters, lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo picker yuav tsum khaws cov txiv hmab hauv ob hnub tsis tau noj su thiab so. Tus nqi ntawm xws li ib lub raj mis ntawm 200 €.Yog li ntawd, nrog lub hnub nyoog, "Riesling" yuav muab tau raws li cov lus sau ntawm zib ntab, txiv duaj thiab kua, thiab roj ntawv. Tab sis nws tsis tshwm rau nws qhov zoo thiab lub koob npe nrov.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm cawu cub "Riesling" tsis pub "sib sau", i.e., tov ntau hom berries (los yog txawv degrees ntawm kom loj hlob) ntawm lawv tus kheej. Los ntawm no nws saj spoils.Txoj kev tuaj yeem ua tau luv luv. "Riesling" yog li ntawd, thiab cov neeg tseem ceeb botrized wine hais tias nws yuav yog ib qho zoo nkauj dai kom zoo nkauj ntawm tej kev pam noj haus.