Txawm hais tias tus txiv hmab tsis yog ib haiv neeg Lavxias teb chaws los yog Ukrainian cog, nws tau ua rau peb cov kab lis kev cai thiab tau dhau los ua ib daig ntawv kho txhua lub tsev neeg.
Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau lovers ntawm no zoo kawg nkaus berries tsis tsuas yog loj hlob nws, tab sis kuj yog koom nyob rau hauv lub cultivation ntawm tshiab ntau yam thiab cov ntaub ntawv hybrid.
Mus rau hnub tim, pib xyaum ua qoob loo ntau yam nyob hauv ib feem ntawm daim ntawv teev npe ntawm cov ntawv teev npe thoob ntiaj teb.
Lub npe ntawm tus Ukrainian breeder los ntawm lub npe ntawm Vishnevetsky kuj tau muaj.
Niaj hnub no peb yuav paub koj nrog lub peculiarities ntawm nws zoo Valek txiv hmab.
Peb kuj hais li cas thiab thaum twg nws yog cog cog.
Raws li lub varietal nta ntawm grapes "Valek"
Nws yog qhov tseeb tshaj plaws yog hu ua cov grapes ib daim ntawv cog lus, vim nws tau txais los ntawm txoj kev ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom siv ntawm ntau yam sib txawv. Hauv particular, N.P. Vishnevetsky grape ntau yam "Kesha 1", "Star" thiab "Rizamat" tau siv. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, ib qho kev txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo nkauj nrog ntau yam zoo heev tau yug los.
Daim ntawv cog paj no yog xav kom muab coj los hloov tshiab. Zoo heev grapes rau cultivation hauv cheeb tsam nrog txawv climatic tej yam kev mob, tab sis feem ntau ntawm tag nrho nws suits lub nta ntawm sab qaum teb ib feem ntawm Ukraine, qhov twg nws yog feem ntau thiab zoned.
"Garden kho kom zoo nkauj - ib pawg ntawm grapes": piav qhia ntawm grapes "Valka"
Txhuam ntawm daim ntawv no tsis yog kev kho kom zoo, tsuas yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Qhov tseeb yog hais tias lawv muaj peev xwm tsim mus txog rau ntau loj heev, bravely competing nrog feem ntau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam. Nyob rau hauv kev, qhov loj ntawm ib pawg ntawm "Valek" grapes yuav txawv los ntawm 1.5 mus rau 2.5 kilograms.
Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv lawv cov qauv lawv heev ntom, muaj ntau ntau berries on lawv. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kuj yog qhov tseeb hais tias txhua txhua xyoo lawv loj ua ntau thiab ntau.
Berries ntawm "Valek" grapes kuj tseem loj loj ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv qhov loj thiab nyob rau hauv qhov ceeb thawj. Nyob rau hauv cov duab, lawv ntau oval, thaum nruab nrab ntev ntawm ib tug Berry yog txog 3 centimeters, thiab dav - 2.8. Lawv kwv yees txog li ntawm 14-15 grams, tab sis nrog kev tu ncua thiab kev ua tib zoo ua liaj ua teb feem ntau tau nce ntau dua.
Koj tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm lawv cov xim zoo nkauj thiab nplua nuj xim daj, uas yog tseem me me nyob rau hauv tshav ntuj. Tab sis lub hallmark ntawm berries piav hybrid duab yog lawv txawv saj, uas txhij sau ntsim sau ntawm nutmeg thiab pear Sweet.
Qhov no yog txhua yam complemented los ntawm ib tug heev zoo sweetness ntawm lub cev nqaij daim tawv thiab nws txawv tshaj plaw rhiab (raws li tus qauv, lub pulp ntawm "Valek" grapes yog fleshy). Peel yog tseem noj, txawm lub fact tias no grape yog heev ntom.
Lub fruitfulness ntawm grapes "Valek": dab tsi tag nrho ntawm cov qoob loo yuav tsum suav?
Qhov no grape fructifies zoo heev, uas yog yuav tsum tau yuav tsum nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag xws li loj pawg. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub bushes yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm muaj zog heev txoj kev loj hlob, thiab nrog zoo heev laus ntawm tua, lub fruiting peev xwm yog tsuas yog lub siab tshaj plaws ua tau.
Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov piav qhia grapes muaj ib lub paj ntawm ob qho tib si, ua tsaug uas Bush Bush txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis tsuas yog 100%, tab sis tsis tu ncua. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv qhib flowering daim ntawv, lub paj yog txog 10 hnub thiab lawv muaj peev xwm pollinate txawm yog thaum lub sij hawm tag nrho lub sij hawm no nws rains yuav luag tsis tu ncua.
Raws li rau lub sij hawm ntawm ripening ntawm qoob loo, qhov no grape yog heev thaum ntxov. Lub caij cog qoob yuav kav nruab nrab ntawm 105 hnub xwb, uas ua rau nws tuaj yeem tuaj yeem tuaj yeem tuaj yeem tuaj yeem tuaj yeem tuaj yeem tuaj yeem tawm los ntawm lub Yim Hli 1 txog 5. Nyob rau hauv ib co thaj tsam ntawm Ukraine nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ripening, "Valek" txawm outruns lub "Arcadia" ntau yam.
Rau ib lub siab thiab high-zoo sau ntawm grapes "Valek" kws txawj pom zoo kom loj hlob nws tshwj xeeb tshaj rau lawv tus kheej keeb kwm. Txawm tias muaj tseeb tias nws cov cuttings muaj ib tug zoo compatibility nrog rau lwm cov ntau yam, tseem nyob rau hauv daim ntawv grafted tej zaum yuav poob qhov saj ntawm no grape.
Luv luv txog qhov zoo zoo ntawm lub grapes "Valek"
- Cim saj zoo uas tsis muaj lwm yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj peev xwm khav tau.
- High thiab ruaj khov heev yields, loj loj ntawm ob qho tag nrho cov bunches thiab berries.
- Zoo nkauj heev nthuav tawm ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
- Luv caij nyoog ripening.
- Bisexual paj ntawm Bush yog tsis tsuas yog lub hauv paus rau zoo heev pollination ntawm tuag, tab sis kuj ntawm lwm yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, ua tsaug rau qhov no, tsis muaj pea rau ntawm grapes.
- Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm daim ntawv no ntawm cov txiv hmab muaj qhov zoo tsim nyog rau kev thauj mus los, uas lawv muaj kev ris txiaj rau lawv cov tawv nqaij tawv thiab ruaj khov.
- Kev puas tsuaj rau fungal kab mob, xws li cov hmoov pwmdery mildew, oidium los yog grey rot, tsis tau pom ntawm no grape.
- Yooj yim rau sov txias. Thaum -24ºะก vine "Bush" vine tsis puas lawm.
Cons grapes Vishnevetskogo
Zoo hmoo, lub "Valek" txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog ib yam ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam uas muaj yuav luag tsis muaj qhov flaws. Vim hais tias ntawm no, nws yog nrov ntawm cov kws lij choj thiab cov amateurs.
Qhov nuance tsuas yog tsim nyog them nqi rau tsis muaj zog compatibility ntawm cuttings nrog stocks ntawm lwm yam ntau yam. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom loj hlob nws bushes on nws tus kheej keeb kwm.
Nws tseem yog nthuav mus nyeem txog qhov Autumn kev saib xyuas ntawm grapes.
Yuav ua li cas loj hlob ib tug zoo Bush vine "Valek": cog nta
Txij li thaum txiv hmab txiv ntoo tau muab cog ua ib lub tsev qoob loo rau ntau txhiab xyoo, cog kev cog ntawm cov nroj tsuag no twb tau zoo dua rau cov lus qhia tsawg dua. Tag nrho cov nta ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tsob ntoo txiv hmab, uas nws tau muaj peev xwm dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo "rau qhov siab tshaj plaws", txhua hom av thiab cog ntoo rau txhua tus neeg ntau yam kawm. Tab sis nrog tag nrho cov no, ib tug dog dig amateur peev xwm kiag li tsis to taub tsis seedlings, tsis lub sij hawm ntawm lawv cov cog.
Nws yog rau cov kws lij choj, thiab cov uas txiav txim siab los siv cov kev paub theoretical ntau me ntsis, peb muab cov lus qhia ntxaws qhia thiab cov theem ntawm cov kev cog ntoo thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb.
Txoj kev uas cog cov vines lossis cov yam ntxwv ntawm lawv cov menyuam tuaj yeem
Nyob rau hauv dav dav, grapes yuav propagated nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Nws yog qhov nyuaj heev uas hais tias ntawm lawv yog cov feem ntau txhim khu kev ntseeg, vim hais tias txhua yam yuav nyob ntawm seb climatic nta ntawm koj cheeb tsam, hom ntawm av, cog cov hnub, thiab nyob rau hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam. Ntxiv mus, txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj nws qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Xav txog cov qauv hauv qab no:
- Cog vines on lawv tus kheej keeb kwm nrog varietal seedlings. Qhov feem ntau ntau txoj kev thiab qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov luam ntawm grapes "Valek". Yog li ntawd, nws cov nta yog piav qhia hauv qab no, peb hais txog qhov ua tau zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm hom no. Nws yog zoo uas nyob rau nws tus kheej keeb kwm lub Bush qhia tshwj rau nws cov varietal zoo, uas yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv muaj xws li xws li cim saj zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lub daim ntawv qhia hybrid. Qhov zoo dua ntawm txoj kev no kuj yog qhov yooj yim ntawm kev luam - qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kom tau txais kev txiav thiab hauv paus nws (tab sis nws yuav ua tau txawm tias yooj yim dua los ntawm kev yuav khoom noj ib qho chaw ywj pheej hauv cov tsev kho mob tshwj xeeb). Tab sis qhov tsis zoo yog tias lub sapling tej zaum yuav ntev dua thiab nyuaj dua los tsim dua, piv txwv li, ib qho khoom siv grafted rau ib tug neeg laus Tshuag.
- Grafting varietal cuttings mus rau rootstocks ntawm bushes ntawm lwm yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam. Ib tug loj zoo ntawm qhov no yog qhov tseeb hais tias thaum grafting ib tug tshiab Bush sai li sai tau muaj ib tug loj txaus ntawm perennial ntoo thiab ib tug tsim paus system. Tag nrho cov teeb meem no ua rau kev loj hlob zoo ntawm Bush thiab nws heev sai nkag mus rau hauv fruiting. Tab sis, ntawm qhov tod tes, tsis yog tag nrho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam yuav ua tau tshaj, yog li ntawd nws yog ib qho yooj yim heev mus lwj ob qhov txiav thiab qhov Tshuag nws tus kheej. Nws feem ntau tshwm sim uas sib xws ntau yam tsis siv paus nrog txhua lwm yam.
- Luam ntawm vines nrog kev pab ntawm ceg. Luj tshib yog tua ntawm ib tug neeg laus yaus, uas yog diverted los ntawm nws, khoov cia rau hauv av nws tus kheej thiab yog faus. Yog hais tias cov av yog txaus moist, thiab huab cua yog sov, nyob rau hauv ib ob peb lub lis piam no tua yuav muaj nws tus kheej keeb kwm. Los ntawm nws, dhau sij hawm, koj tau txais ib tug tshiab full-fledged Bush, uas yuav ua tau replanted yam tsis muaj teeb meem. Qhov no yog qhov yooj yum thiab feem ntau txhim khu kev ntseeg vim tias nws tsis tau tshwj xeeb kev npaj ntawm cuttings, lawv cia, grafting los yog lwm yam teeb meem. Qhov tsuas yog caveat yog muaj ib tug neeg laus Bush ntawm ntau yam koj xav tau, los ntawm uas tshem tawm tau ua.
- Grape Bush los ntawm lub pob zeb. Hom no kuj yog qhov yooj yim heev. Qhov loj tshaj - xaiv cov pob txha loj tshaj plaws thiab germinate lawv nyob rau hauv ib chav ntub. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv muaj peev xwm yuav cog ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv ib lub lauj kaub thiab nyob rau hauv qhib av, tom qab uas nws tseem mus tos rau germination. Ib tug txiv hmab txiv ntoo seedlings hlob los ntawm noob, uas muaj peev xwm repotted nyob rau ntawm 1-2 xyoo. Ntawm chav kawm, qhov no yog ntau lub sij hawm-siv, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no koj yuav tsis muaj khib searching thiab muag seedlings, nws yuav txaus yuav ntau pawg ntawm koj nyiam ntau yam thiab txuag lawv cov noob.
Yuav ua li cas tej yam kev mob ntawm txoj kev loj hlob yog ntau nyiam rau Valek txiv hmab txiv ntoo: peb sib tham txog qhov tseem ceeb sib nrauj
Thawj zaug ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los muab lub grape Bush nrog zoo nkag tau ntawm tshav ntuj, uas yog lub hauv paus ntawm ob qho kev loj hlob ntawm Bush thiab lub ripening ntawm tag nrho cov qoob loo. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, qhov chaw rau kev loj hlob yuav tsum tsis txhob raug ntxoov ntxoo los ntawm lwm yam nroj tsuag los yog hauv tsev neeg, nws yuav tsum qhib.
Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los cog vines on me me nce, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv thaj chaw tsawg-dag chaw txias huab cua ntws, uas yog teeb meem rau Bush, yuav stagnate.
Txawm tias muaj tseeb tias cov vine Bush "Valek" tau pollinate zoo ntawm nws tus kheej, nws muaj peev xwm heev heev puas los ntawm muaj zog los ntawm sab qaum teb cua. Yog li, xav txog qhov no thiab tag nrho cov saum toj no, qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv cog cov txiv hmab hauv lub vaj zaub yuav yog qhov chaw ntawm sab qab teb los yog sab qab teb sab hnub poob ntawm koj lub tsev los yog lwm tus qauv (yog tias nws yog, ntawm chav kawm, tsis nyob hauv lwm cov nroj). Yog li, lub Bush yuav tau txais tshav ntuj thiab yuav muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm txias cua.
Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom xaiv ib tug zoo av rau grapes. Txawm hais tias qhov no kab lis kev cai tsis yog tshwj xeeb yog fastidious nyob rau hauv no qhov teeb meem, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los cog nws on teeb xau. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb yog cov av tsis haum nyob ze rau ntawm cov av (qhov tob tshaj plaws yog 2.5 meters).
Av fertility kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb, tab sis nws tseem yuav tau nce nws tus kheej los ntawm kev thov loj ntau ntawm ntau yam chiv rau cov av.
Nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau xav txog qhov kev ncua deb ntawm ob peb qho nroj tsuag? Tham txog kev sib tsoo
Vigorous bushes yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau cog ntawm ib qho loj txaus nrug ntawm txhua lwm yam. Tom qab tag nrho, lub point yog tsis txawm tsim tej yam kev mob zoo rau lawv loj hlob tua, tab sis kuj yuav muab qhov chaw txaus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub hauv paus system thiab rau muab cov as-ham los ntawm cov av.
Yog li, qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv rau cog Valek bushes yog cov nram qab no:
- Qhov deb ntawm bushes nyob rau hauv ib kab yog txog 3 meters.
- Qhov deb ntawm kab ntawm vines - 4 meters.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo cog "Valek": lawv ua li cas?
Kev cog cov txiv hmab yuav ua tau ntev heev, uas pib rau hnub kawg ntawm lub Peb Hlis thiab xaus rau thawj hnub ntawm lub Kaum Ib Hlis. Tab sis txhua yam yuav nyob ntawm seb txoj kev uas koj yuav ua qhov twg yuav zoo li cas.
Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav, nws yog ib qhov preferable kom cog pw seedlings los yog nroj tsuag tib cuttings. Tom qab thiab sov so caij nplooj ntoos hlav - loj hlob seedlings uas muaj ntsuab tua thiab nplooj on lawv.
Nyob rau hauv thawj hnub lub caij ntuj sov koj muaj peev xwm kuj cog ntsuab seedlings. Tab sis feem ntau lub caij ntuj sov yog lub sij hawm tsuas yog rau propagation ntawm grapes nrog offshoots. Cog cog thaum lub sij hawm no ntawm lub xyoo yog tsis muaj nqis nws, vim hais tias lawv tsis muaj lub sij hawm txaus los ua kom tiav lawv cov caij nyoog loj hlob.
Cog grapes nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg yog tsis yog li ntau ncav. Nws yog txwv los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias, ua ntej, nws yuav tsum tau nqa tawm tsuas yog thaum lub sij hawm hloov ntawm cov nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm ntawm calm, thiab ob zaug - txawm ua ntej qhov pib ntawm lub caij ntuj no frosts. Yog li, rau feem ntau cov cheeb tsam climatic no lub sij hawm los nyob rau hauv nruab nrab los yog ob xyoo ntawm lub kaum hli ntuj.
Nta ntawm kev npaj rau cog ib tug grape seedling thiab kev piav qhia ntawm tus txheej txheem ncaj qha
Lub sijhawm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev npaj yog npaj ntawm ib tug aub tsiv rau ib sapling. Nyob rau hauv nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom nteg ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov muab kev pab cuam uas yuav pub cov tub ntxhais hluas Bush nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ua ntej nws nkag mus rau hauv fruiting lub sij hawm. Yog li, qhov tob ntawm qhov aub tsiv yuav tsum loj - tsawg kawg nkaus 80 centimeters. Qhov dav yuav tsum kuj phim.
Lub qhov ntsa lays sib tov ntawm fertile av, uas yog sab saum toj txheej ntawm av, npaum li cas nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev khawb lub qhov tswg nws tus kheej, zoo li 203 compost thoob. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj muaj peev xwm lub tsev thiab pob zeb hauv av chiv. On to top ntawm no, ib tug ntau txheej ntawm av yog poured thiab aub tsiv yog sab laug rau 2-3 lub lim piam.
Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum pib mus rau qhov nrhiav tau ntawm seedling. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas nws tsis raug los yog qhuav. Yog li ntawd, them nyiaj tshwj xeeb mloog mus rau nws cov keeb kwm: yog hais tias lawv yog cov dawb, ces txhua yam yog zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib lub tshiab seedling, cov xim ntawm lub Upper txiav yuav tsum ntsuab. Ua ntej cog nws yog pom zoo los tuav nws hauv dej kom saturate nws nrog kom txaus noo noo.
Thaum cog, lub seedling yog lowered rau hauv lub qhov tsuas yog mus rau theem ntawm nws paus ntseg tsho (nws yuav tsum tsis txhob faus). Nws yog tsim nyog los sau ib qhov nrog ib tug yub maj, sim kom compact nws kom zoo zoo. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas ze ntawm lub hauv paus muaj tsis muaj qhov chaw nrog cua, txwv tsis pub lawv yuav wither ua ntej lawv muaj sij hawm los hloov. Tom qab cog, lub seedling yog watered (2-3 thoob dej), khi rau ib tug kev them nyiaj yug. Cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm lub sapling yog zoo tshaj plaws rau mulch.
Kev saib xyuas ntawm grape Bush: dab tsi nta ntawm no kab lis kev cai yuav tsum nco ntsoov?
- Noo noo - lub hauv paus ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm grapes thiab tsim ntawm nws sau. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau dej lub Bush ua ntej flowering thiab thaum lub sij hawm tsim ntawm peas.
- Txhua yam watering nrog los ntawm mulching cov av nrog Moss los yog sawdust, uas yog twb blackened.
- Rau zoo txiv hmab txiv ntoo bearing grapes yuav tsum tau pub ob qho tag nrho cov organic thiab pob zeb hauv av chiv.
- Pruning ntawm Bush yog nqa tawm txhua txhua xyoo, nyiam dua nyob rau hauv lub Autumn. Rau vigorous shrub - muaj zog pruning ntawm tua.
- Rau lub caij ntuj no, lub bushes yuav tsum tau mus nkaum.
- Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom tsis tu ncua tshuaj tsuag ntawm vine los ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab tsuag.
