Kua txob - ib qho ntawm cov thawj zaub cov qoob loo uas gardeners cog rau seedlings. Qhov no yog vim lub sij hawm ntev vegetative thiab lub sij hawm ntawm ripening ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm no yav qab teb nroj tsuag.
Ib qho ntawm cov lus nug uas txhawj txog cov neeg nyob hauv lub caij ntuj sov yog tias yuav tsum txob cov kua txob cov noob ua ntej cog los sis cog rau lawv tam sim ntawd hauv av? Los ntawm qhov tseeb npaj ua ntej germination nyob ntawm kawg tshwm sim - tawm los.
Yuav tsum kua txob cov noob yuav ntub ua ntej cog, thiab vim li cas lawv ua li ntawd?
Tsaus - txoj kev nws tus kheej yog nyob ntawm yeem, lub noob yuav germinate tsis muaj nws, thiab tej zaum txawm muab ib qho zoo heev sau. Qhov no pub rau cov neeg txhawb ntawm kev cog qoob loo uas tsis muaj kev npaj siab hais tias kev soaking yog ib qho ntxiv kev nyuab.
Nyob rau hauv cov huab cua sov huab cua ua rau nws muaj peev xwm cog cov kua txob tsawg kawg tam sim ntawd mus rau hauv qhib hauv av, nws tseem yuav txaus lub sij hawm rau nws mus rau siav. Cov neeg nyob hauv thaj av temperate aav txhua hnub, thiab yog tias muaj caij nyoog los txhim kho cov txheej txheem thiab nce lub sijhawm ua ntej qhov kawg, lawv yooj yim siv nws, vim hais tias cov kua txob ripened ntawm lub hav txwv yeem muaj kev noj qab haus huv thiab tastier tshaj li nws tuaj tom qab. Nyob rau hauv sim feeb, lub noob ntawm kua txob yuav tsum tau soaked, yam tsis muaj no tus txheej txheem, lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tsis muaj lub sij hawm mus rau ripen ua ntej qhov pib ntawm Frost. 
Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg nyob hauv lub caij ntuj sov - cov neeg nyob rau hauv sov sov, tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog xws li kev tsis taus: thawj zaug, cov qoob loo ntau dua, thiab ob zaug, nws zoo siab thaum cov kua txob tau ripened ntej ntawm lub sijhawm. Qhov no siv rau lub qab zib thiab ntsim ntau yam.
Koj yuav tsum xav nyeem txog qhov cultivation ntawm Sweet kua txob.
Qhov zoo ntawm soaking noob ua ntej cog:
- tso cai rau koj kom yeej 7-10 hnub, raws li kev tua los ntawm cov kws kuaj pom tshwm nyob rau hnub 5-7, thaum uas cov hmoov qhuav qhuav txog 2 lub lis piam;
- ua rau nws muaj peev xwm xaiv tau cov lusteb cov nroj tsuag, muab kev tiv thaiv kab mob, siab tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kab tsuag thiab muab cov kev mob zoo tshaj plaws thaum pib.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nco ntsoov soak lub noob ntawm kua txob ua ntej cog, thaum tsis muaj kev tso siab nyob rau hauv qhov zoo ntawm cov noob. Qhov no yuav pab tau tam sim ntawd pom dab tsi koj ua haujlwm nrog, thiab tsis txhob pub kev tsis pom kev.
Lub ntsiab theem ntawm kua txob noob npaj
Noob npaj pib ntawm qhov theem pib. Koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo xav txog lub khw thiab ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas cov lus qhia hauv pob, xaiv cov yam ntxwv ntawm ntau yam koj xav tau. Lub tuam txhab tus kheej saib xyuas tau hais tias nws raug kho li cas. Kho los ntawm lub khw muag khoom thiab cov coated noob yuav tsum tsis txhob raug rau tej yam ntxiv, lawv muaj peev xwm tsuas yog sown nyob rau hauv hauv av. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias, txawm tias lawv yuav tshoom ob peb lub lis piam tom qab, tab sis tom qab ntawd lawv yuav ntes nrog lawv cov "kwv tij", thiab tom qab ntawd lawv hla lawv, thaum lawv yuav txom nyem tsawg dua los ntawm pests thiab kab mob.
Koj puas paub? Thaum kawg ntawm XVI caug xyoo, cov kua txob tuaj rau Tebchaws Russia, los yog ntau - nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub niaj hnub Astrakhan cheeb tsam. Lub hauv paus ntawm penetration, raws li ntau qhov chaw, yog Turkey thiab Iran.
Nws yog qhov zoo uas yuav nyiam cov khoom ntawm cov neeg ua lag luam uas nws ua raws li GOST qhia nyob rau hauv lub ntim - nws yog ntau txhim khu kev qha.
Lub pob yuav tsum tsis txhob ua rau txhua yam puas tsuaj. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rau lub xyoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw thiab lub sijhawm kawg rau sowing - cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsum muaj tam sim no yam tsis tas li.
Noob ntawm kua txob, cog nyob rau hauv ob xyoo tom qab sau, poob lawv germination thiab tawm los ntawm ib nrab. 
Yog hais tias koj xav kom loj hlob ntawm ib tug nplua nuj sau, nyeem kuj thaum nws yog zoo dua rau sow kua txob ntawm seedlings.
Calibration
Calibration yog ib qhov kev kuaj noob qoob rau cov kab mob. Thaum soaking nyob rau hauv saline daws, hollow specimens ntab, thiab cov peev xwm ntawm germination tog mus rau hauv qab.
Koj puas paub? Muaj ib nuance: cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov tuam txhab loj tshaj plaws yog yuav luag txhua zaus qhuav, yog li immersion nyob rau hauv ib ntsev daws ntawm xws li cov noob yuav qhia tau hais tias lawv yog cov tag nrho unfit, tab sis qhov no tsis yog qhov tseeb.
Ua ntej txhaj tshuaj rau hauv qhov kev daws teeb meem, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam cov ntaub ntawv uas muab tso rau ntawm ntawv, thiab tam sim ntawd tsis lees txais cov qauv uas tshwm sim tsis zoo, zoo li tsawg dhau los lossis loj heev. Tom qab hais tias, nyob rau hauv ib khob dej koj yuav tsum dissolve ib tug teaspoon ntsev (los yog nyob rau hauv ib liter dej - 40 g ntawm ntsev) thiab txo cov noob muaj rau 3-4 teev. Ib txhia gardeners tsuas yog siv li ob peb feeb xwb. Floated noob yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg, thiab cov noob qoob loo yuav tsum tau qhuav rau ntxiv los yog sown sai sai.
Yog hais tias koj yuav ib lub hnab nrog kaum noob ntawm tsawg ntau yam ntawm kua txob, tej zaum koj yuav tsum tsis txhob calibrate lawv - germination thiab thiaj li qhia tau meej. Tab sis tus kheej khaws cov noob, muaj rau koj nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo me me, yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev zoo li tam sim ntawd tau tshem ntawm lub unusable ballast. 
Pickling
Hlais, los yog disinfection, yog nqa tawm kom txuag tau cov ntaub ntawv raw los ntawm tau kis los ntawm pathogens uas yuav ua mob rau yav tom ntej cog. Ntawm nws cov hauv paus, qhov no yog qhov mob disinfection.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Kev txais tos ntawm hnav khaub ncaws yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev npaj rau kev cog qoob loo, tag nrho lwm cov kev tswj kev lag luam yog nqa tawm tom qab nws.
Xws li ua yog txhua qhov ntau, tsis tshua txhim khu kev qha ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw. Cov khoom ntawm lub tuam txhab loj nrog lub koob npe nrov yuav tsis raug hnav khaub ncaws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog hais tias lub pob ntawv muaj cov ntaub ntawv uas nws twb tau nqa tawm. Tab sis tus kheej sau, tau txais los ntawm cov phooj ywg nyob rau hauv pauv, thiab txawm ntau li lub noob yuav nyob rau hauv lub lag luam yuav tsum tau yuav etched.
Ua li no, siv cov yeeb tshuaj sib txawv: cov tshuaj paug (potassium permanganate), hydrogen peroxide, vinegar, boric acid thiab txawm formality; Nws kuj muaj kev npaj tshwj xeeb uas tuaj yeem yuav tom khw. Txhua yam ntawm cov kev no muaj ob qho kev ua tau zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, thiab tus txiv neej xaiv qhov uas nws nyiam xaiv. 
Dua li ntawm qhov tseeb tias potassium permanganate tsis yoojyim los nrhiav kev muag khoom, cov txheej txheem no tseem tshuav cov nyiam tuaj: nws muaj ib qho kev txee unlimited, thiab yuav ntau xyoo dhau los lossis ntawm lub ntees ntawm tus npuas kav rau ib lub sijhawm ntev heev.
Ib co txoj kev ntawm noob hnav khaub ncaws:
- Cov kua tshuaj Nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus liab 1% tov, cov noob ua ntej yuav ntub dej sov rau 2-4 teev, uas, kom yooj yim rau, muab tso rau hauv hnab gauze thiab sab laug rau 15 feeb, tom qab ntawd ntxuav tag nrho hauv dej khiav thiab muab pov tseg tam sim ntawd on daim ntawv kom qhuav.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Noob muaj peev xwm kis tau tshuaj lom neeg yog tias lawv tsis ntub dej ua ntej cov txheej txheem thiab tsis yaug tom qab.
- Hydrogen peroxide. Txoj kev daws cov tshuaj tua kab mob yuav tsum kom muaj 2-3%, thaum nws yuav tsum tau noj nws kom 38-40 ° C. Saib xyuas cov noob tsis tshaj 7 feeb, yaug kom huv si.
- Boric acid. Cov tshuaj yog diluted ntawm tus nqi ntawm ib nrab ib teaspoon ntawm acid nyob rau hauv ib khob dej. Qhov ntsuas kub yog 25-30 ° C, lub sijhawm ua haujlwm yog 2-3 teev.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Thaum kho cov noob nrog cov kua qaub, nco ntsoov hais tias yog tias muaj me ntsis pob txha hauv cov noob, cov kua qaub yuav ua rau rau nws tsim txom
- Phytosporin. Nws yog ib yam khoom uas muaj cov kab mob hauv ntuj thiab tiv thaiv kab mob. Nws yog diluted ntawm tus nqi ntawm 4 tee los ntawm ib lub qhov muag ntswj ntawm ib khob dej.
Cov khoom tsis zoo uas tau muab pov tseg tsis tuaj yeem muab ntev tshaj li ib hnub, nws yog qhov ntshaw kom sai sai los yog pib ua rau germinate.
Ua nrog microelements thiab stimulants txoj kev loj hlob
Ua nrog micronutrients thiab kev loj hlob regulators yog tsim nyog thiaj li muaj ib tug zoo feem ntawm qhov zoo ntawm seedlings thiab germination, nce tsis kam mus rau qhov zoo tsis zoo thiab tsis kam mus kub kub hloov, thiab nce nce.
Yuav kom txhawb lub noob uas siv cov dej khov ntawm tshauv, aloe kua txiv, thiab cov muag cov tshuaj "Epin", "Zircon", "Ivin" thiab lwm tus. 
- Cov txheej txheem no tsuas yog siv tom qab tua kab mob xwb, tab sis tsis muaj dab tsi ua ntej nws.
- Dissolve kab kawm nyob rau hauv dej kub 40-45 ° C, thiab cov noob yuav tsum muab tso rau hauv kev daws txias mus rau sov mob.
- Nws yog ua tau rau cov khoom siv raw los ntawm kev loj hlob stimulators tsuas yog ib zaug thiab tsuas yog los ntawm ib qho kev npaj.
- Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev soj ntsuam cov cai ntawm kev npaj ntawm kev daws thiab lub sij hawm ntawm laus nyob rau hauv nws, yog li ntawd raws li tsis ua rau raug mob.
Muaj ntau lub qauv ntawm cov kev daws rau lub zeem muag ntawm noob nrog microelements:
- Ntoo tshauv. Nws muaj txog 30 yam uas yuav pab tau rau cov nroj tsuag. Nws yog tsim nyog yuav tau sau lub ashes nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, ua tib zoo sift thiab quav mus rau hauv ib lub qhuav, hermetically kaw hub. Nyob rau hauv 1 liter ntawm dej kub dissolve 2 dia ntawm tshauv thiab, stirring, insist hnub. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no, nws yog ib advisable mus do tov lwm 2-3 lub sij hawm. Cov noob muab tso rau hauv ib lub hnab gauze yog immersed nyob rau hauv kev daws thiab khaws cia rau 3 teev.
- Aloe kua txiv Ua cov khoom nrog no tshuaj, koj tsis tsuas yog txhawb nws, txhim kho germination thiab ntxiv dag zog rau seedlings, tab sis kuj pickle. Yog li, txoj kev ua no kuj muaj xws li kev ywj pheej. Tus tsob ntoo aloe, uas yog ntau dua 3 xyoos, yuav tsum tau txiav tawm ob peb qis nplooj thiab, muab khawm rau hauv ntawv, muab tso rau hauv lub tub yees rau tsawg kawg ib lub lim tiam. Tom qab ntawd nplooj yuav tsum tau chop, tau cov kua txiv tawm ntawm lawv thiab, diluting nws nyob rau hauv vaj huam sib luag proportions nrog dej nyob rau ntawm chav tsev kub, muab lub noob nyob rau hauv lub hnab. Cuam tshuam tawm ntawm 6 mus rau 18 xuab moos.
- Kav npaj. Siv lawv, koj yuav tsum ua raws li cov lus pom zoo ntawm cov lus qhia.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Ceev faj: Aloe kua txiv yog iab heev, dhau li ntawd nws yoojyim stains, yog li nws yog ib lub tswv yim kom npog qhov chaw ua hauj lwm nrog cellophane thaum nws ua haujlwm.
Tsaus
Yuav ua li cas kom ntub kua txob cov noob nyob rau hauv thiaj li muab cov kab mob qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm vigorous kev loj hlob thiab nquag fruiting? Yuav kom nce qhov yuav ua tau ntawm germination, lawv yuav tsum tau noo noo nrog noo noo, swell.
Cov kab mob ua ntej cov noob raug muab tso rau hauv ib lub substrate thiab ntim nrog dej kom nws tsis tshua tau npog lawv. Ceev cov kua txob (raw) yuav tsum yog ob hnub nyob rau hauv qhov chaw sov, thaum lub sij hawm no yuav tsum yog 2-3 zaug los hloov dej. Tom qab o • Germinate los yog sow. 
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nyob rau hauv ib qho sov sov, ib tug nyias txheej ntawm dej evaporates sai sai, yog li koj yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas tias nws theem tsis mus, tab sis koj tsis muaj peev xwm ncuav ntau dej txawm yog, yog li hais tias lub noob tsis suffocate. Koj tuaj yeem them rau lub khob nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv zaj duab xis kom tiv thaiv evaporation.
Muaj ntau gardeners paub yuav ua li cas soak lub noob ntawm peppers thiab ib txhij germinate lawv ua ntej cog. Ua li no, muab cov noob tso rau hauv ib lub hnab ntawv, ua ntawm ib lub xwmfab ntawm cov ntaub npog ntuj tuag, moistened nrog dej thiab muab tso rau hauv ib co hom ntim. Tshaj dej ntau dhau ntawm lub tank yog drained los yog wetted thiab them nrog ib tug zaj duab xis, muab tso rau hauv ib qho chaw sov.
Dej rau lub hom phiaj no zoo dua yog siv cov dej rhaub los yog lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Yog tias tsis muaj kev nkag mus rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, cov daus tsis tau poob, thiab txhua yam uas koj muaj yog dej hauv dej, koj yuav tsum muab dej tso rau hauv dej. Ua li no, cov dej ntim tau muab tso rau hauv lub tub yees rau ob peb teev, nruab nrab, uas tsis tau khov, yog cov qe, thiab cov dej khov ua rau ntawm phab ntsa raug tso cai rau yaj. Tom qab ntawd, cov dej yog ua tib zoo drained, tawm hauv cov txo rau hauv lub tank. Tuav melted dej yog siv rau germination.
Nyob rau hauv lub tank, qhov twg cov ntaub ntim cov ntaub ntim cov ntaub tuaj nrog cov noob no, yuav tsum tsis muaj dej ntau, tab sis yog lub nkoj loj loj, koj tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv "taub hau" hauv daim ntaub nplaum ntawm cov roj npau npua los sis ntau cov paj rwb. 
Yog tsis muaj cov lus teb tias ntev npaum li cas cov kua txob yuav tsum tau ntub dej ua ntej cog. Txhua txhua hnub koj yuav tsum saib nyob rau hauv zaj duab xis, txhuam cov hnab ntawv nrog dej qhuav thiab xyuas seb lawv puas tau pib hatch.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Rau cov txheej txheem germination, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov ntsuas kub, nws yuav tsum nyob ib ncig ntawm 25-30 ° C Yog hais tias nws yog qhov tsawg, germination yuav qeeb, thiab nyob rau ntawm ib tug kub hauv qab 18 °C lub noob yuav tig.
Tom qab tos kom nto qaub ncaug, txhua tus noob tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv ib lub thawv rau ntawm lub yub. Ib hnub tom qab, lwm qhov kev hloov kho tiav, cov animates raug xaiv thiab tshem tawm. Tsis germinated noob tsis siv - lawv yuav yog ib tug me ntsis ruam.
Bubbling
Xwm tau xeeb txawm hais tias cov noob tsis raug rau sab nraud influences thiab tsis deteriorate rau ib lub sij hawm ntev. Qhov no yog vim muaj kev tiv thaiv txheej txheem nyob ntawm lawv qhov chaw. Tab sis tib txheej thaiv tiv thaiv sai germination. 
Ib qho ntawm cov technologies uas txo lub sij hawm ntawm kev tshwm sim - bubbling. Qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm oxygen rau ntawm cov noob ntawm ib hom kab rau lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb. Siv txoj kev no tso cai rau koj kom tua tau ib lub lim tiam dhau los.
Ua kom tiav cov txheej txheem cauj tom tsev, koj yuav tsum muaj lub tank nrog lub ntim ntawm ib lub litre thiab cov thoob dej yug ntses compressor.
Qhov peev xwm tau ua tiav nrog dej ntawm qhov kub ntawm 20 ° C, me ntsis ntau tshaj ib nrab, compressor thiab cov noob raug muab tso rau ntawd, tsis tshaj qhov ntim dej.
Lub compressor hloov rau, cov khoom yog tiav. Cov noob ntawm kua txob yuav tsum tau txhaj rau hnub no.
Tom qab cov txheej txheem, cov noob tau qhuav mus rau hauv lub xeev thiab, yog hais tias nws tsis tuaj yeem cog lawv tam sim ntawd, lawv tau kawg qhuav, nteg tawm hauv ib txheej ntawm ntawv nyob rau hauv chav hauv lub qhov cua ntawm lub hnub lub rays. 
Cov noob zaub tseem tuaj yeem propagate xws li zaub: eggplants, zucchini, zaub qhwv, qos yaj ywm, pob kws, carrots, cucumbers, radishes, txiv lws suav, taub, taub, cov nplooj lwg, dos, peas, watermelons, kav, parsnips, celery thiab spinach.
Hardening cog cov khoom
Nws ua rau kev txiav txim siab rau harden lub noob, yog hais tias muaj ib lub tswv yim los mus sow lawv nyob rau hauv zaj duab xis ib lub lim tiam ua ntej ntawm lub sij hawm. Yog hais tias quenching yog siv rau cov noob nyob rau hauv seedlings, ces lub seedlings lawv tus kheej yuav tsum tau yuav hardened rau heev ib ntev lub sij hawm.
Koj puas paub? Muaj ib txoj hauv siab, uas yog cov noob, qhwv hauv ib lub hnab, muab tso rau peb hnub hauv snowdrift, tab sis qhov no yog ua tau yog tias sab nraud ntsuas kub li ntawm zero degrees.
Hardened thiab rhuab noob yog raug kev quenching. Lawv ntub dej ua ntej yuav o nyob rau hauv dej sov, muab cov xuab zeb los yog ntub sawdust thiab khaws cia rau peb hnub ntawm qhov ntsuas kub ntawm 20-25 ° C, kom ntseeg tau tias cov dej tsis qhuav tag thiab cov khoom tsis qhuav tawm. Tom qab ntawd, lawv muab tso rau hauv lub fridge los yog tawm ntawm txoj kev thiab khaws cia rau peb hnub ntxiv ntawm qhov kub txog zero.
Sawdust siv rau lub txheej txheem hardening yuav tsum tau boiled rau 2-3 feeb, dej xuab zeb yuav tsum calcined nyob rau hauv qhov cub.
Ua tib zoo npaj cov noob khoom yuav tau them nyiaj rau thaum ntxov thiab muaj zog txaus nyiam tua tsiaj uas tiv taus cov yam tsis zoo, thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, muaj ntau npaum li cas muab tau ntev tshaj plaws.
