Segments los yog tag nrho cov xyoo tua, kuj hu ua cuttings, yog lub zoo tagnrho cov khoom rau lub graft.
Tsob ntoo grafting yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv thiaj li leeb qhov propagation ntawm cov qoob loo, txhim kho lawv viability thiab txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm qoob loo.
Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog tag nrho cov theem no yuav pab kom tau qhov kev tshwm sim xav tau, yog li ua ntej ua ntej txoj haujlwm nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom paub yuav ua li cas kom txuag tau rau kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Lub Sij Hawm Rau Kev Kho Mob
Feem ntau, tua tau qoob loo rau ob zaug hauv ib lub xyoo: thaum xaus ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg (los yog thaum pib ntawm lub caij ntuj no) los yog nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav (tom qab kawg ntawm tus mob khaub thuas).
Thaum xaus ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg caij, ua ke nrog nplooj ntoos thiab qhov pib ntawm thawj Frost (down to -15 ° C), txiav cov khoom siv graft tsis raug mob cov nroj tsuag, txij thaum lub sijhawm no nws twb nyob hauv lub xeev ntawm tag nrho so, thiab nws yuav yooj yim dua kom muaj cov cuttings kom txog thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Tsis tas li ntawd, ua ntej pib mob khaub thuas huab cua, tua twb muaj lub sij hawm ua kom zoo, thiab cov kab mob kis tau zoo nyob rau hauv txoj kev (nceb thiab microbes tuag los ntawm cov te). Qhov zoo ntawm Autumn harvesting cuttings yog raws li nram no:
- Ib xyoo tua, siv tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, yuav tsis khov tawm, uas txhais tau hais tias gardener yuav tiv thaiv nws tus kheej ua ntej los ntawm sab laug yam tsis tau cog khoom.
- Lub xeev so ntawm kev txiav yog khaws cia tam sim ntawd kom txog rau thaum txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nws tus kheej, uas yog qhov zoo heev, vim nws yog qhov tseeb uas yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav txoj haujlwm.
Nyob rau thaj tsam uas cov neeg caij nyoog no tsis txias heev thiab qhov kub tsis poob rau hauv qab--20 ° C, tsis muaj teeb meem nrog cov kev ua si yuav tsum tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv xws li tej yam kev mob, txiav cuttings yuav nqa tawm on txhua lub caij ntuj no.
Kawm ntxiv txog kev txiav cuttings ntawm grapes, clematis, laurel, thuja, girlish grapes.Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thaum lub caij ntuj no yog heev frosty, nrog rau qhov pib ntawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav tsis nco qab xyuas cov haum ntawm tua, raws li lawv muaj peev xwm khov tawm. Rau lub caij ntuj sov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, lub grafts raug txiav sai sai ua ntej txoj kev.
Tej yam yuav tsum tau ua thiab kev ceev cia
Qhov loj tshaj nyuaj ua ntej grafting ib tsob ntoo yog kom xaiv cuttings nyob rau hauv zoo mob. Ua ntej txoj cai nws tus kheej, muaj feem ntau tseem yog lub caij ntuj no thiab lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thaum tseem ntxov, thaum lub sij hawm uas cov ntaub ntawv npaj tau yooj yim deteriorate. Tshwj xeeb "gentle" - tua ntawm pob zeb txiv hmab txiv ntoo, yog li ntawd, thaum lawv cog, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog ua raws li tag nrho cov lus qhia raws li meej li sai tau. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kub rau cia yog -2 ... -4 ° C, thiab nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov cheeb tsam snow drifts nrog ib txheej ntawm snow ntawm 50-70 cm yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws haum rau wintering (ntawm chav kawm, yog tias tsis muaj thaw). Tab sis qhov no tsis yog qhov kev xaiv xwb, tab sis koj tuaj yeem paub ntau ntxiv txog txhua txoj kev khaws cia cov kab tsuag hauv qab.
Txiav tua cov kab yuav tsum muab ceev cia, tab sis ua ntej ntawd, so txhua feem nrog ib daim ntaub damp, txhuam los ntawm qhov loj, khi rau hauv cov pob khoom me me thiab muab tso rau hauv lub hnab yas tshiab thiab tshiab uas lawv yuav tsum khaws kom txog thaum siv.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Cuttings tsis raug cuttings ntawm ib tug ntev ntawm 8-10 cm, thiab kuj tsis haum rau ib tug scion dhau nyias, curves los yog cov yam ntxwv. Tsis txhob tua cov kab uas loj hlob nyob rau hauv los yog ntawm cov ntoo uas tsis paub ntau.Ntxiv nrog rau qhov ntsuas kub, voj nyob hauv chav tsev nrog cuttings tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb. Piv txwv, thiaj li hais rau cov nqaij ntuag qis tsis poob poob qis, qhov nqi no yuav tsum tau khaws cia ntawm theem 95-100%. Ntawm chav kawm, nyob rau hauv xws li tej yam kev mob grey rot tau tsim, tab sis nws yog ib qhov ua tau kom txuag tau tus grapes los ntawm processing "Hinosol". So tawm lub cuttings xwb ua ntej cog los yog grafting (12-14 cov sij hawm nyob rau hauv dej muag txaus) yog siv los ua kev xaiv.
Qhov twg zoo tshaj plaws kom khaws cuttings, nyob ntawm seb lub hom ntawm cov nroj tsuag
Txhua tus nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej txoj kev yuav tsum tau mloog rau nws tus kheej, yog li nws tsis yog xav tsis thoob hais tias muaj ib co nuances nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm muab ua khoom ntawm cov khoom rau scion. Xav txog cov chaw ceev tshaj plaws rau cov chaw li no.
Cia hauv av
Nyob rau hauv tus, qhov no xaiv kev xaiv yuav siv rau yuav luag txhua cuttings, tab sis nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws haum rau vines. Txhua yam uas xav tau yog mus khawb ib lub khib nyiab txog 30-35 cm sib sib zog nqus hauv qhuav thiab tsis muaj qhov chaw nyab thiab muab cov ceg hlav rau hauv qab. On to top ntawm lawv muab tso rau qhov txiav tua, uas yog tom qab ntawd them nrog spruce nplooj thiab sprinkled nrog lub ntiaj teb. Ua ib qho chaw nkaum ntxiv, koj tuaj yeem siv cov nplooj poob los yog cov quav nyab.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nco ntsoov tias lub thickness ntawm snow cover, uas feem ntau tshwm thaum lub sij hawm lub caij ntuj no, tsis tshaj 0.5 meters. Tshaj dej ntau heev yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm.Yog tias koj tsim kom muaj chaw nkaum, ces qhov kub nyob hauv nws yuav tsis poob qis tshaj 0 °, thiab tsis muaj kib los yog thaws yuav ua rau koj poob hlo.
Qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws yog cia rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub tsev los yog los ntawm qhov chaw npog npog yuav kav ntev dua. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv lub npoo los ntawm cov nas, nws txaus txaus los qhwv lawv nrog ib txheej ntawm fiberglass, hlau los yog yas yas nrog lub hlwb me me los yog cov laus nylon tights.Nyob rau hauv sawdust
Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas winters feem ntau yog ntxwv los ntawm ntev thaws thiab lub caij nyoog ntev heev ntawm snow, khov sawdust yuav yog ib qho zoo xaiv rau khaws cia cuttings ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo los yog tib txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Yuav tsum txhim kho lub vaj tse, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg tom qab scion kab ntsig ntawm ntub dej sawdust (sab qaum teb ntawm lub tsev), ua kom tiav nrog lwm txheej txheej 15-20 cm tuab rau saum daim ntawv no. plaub caug-centimeter txheej ntawm qhuav sawdust, uas lawv npog. Cov kab tiav tas li yog muab zais rau hauv qab hnab yas uas tiv thaiv koj cov workpieces ntawm kev ntub dej. Nyob rau hauv xws li ib lub xeev khov, lub cuttings dag nyob rau hauv sawdust kom txog thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thiab ob peb hnub ua ntej txhaj tshuaj, lub bale nrog lawv yog coj mus rau hauv lub chav tsev thiab tso cai rau thaw tawm maj.
Los tiv thaiv qhov chaw ntawm cov tua los ntawm nas thiab lwm cov nas, sawdust moistened nrog ib tug daws ntawm creolin thiab carbolic acid, raws li muab xam rau ntawm 50-60 g ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv ib lub thoob dej. Raws li tus neeg pab leg ntaubntawv ntawm kev paub gardeners siv xws li ib tug "naj hoom", cov tsiaj yuav twv yuav raug hu bypass koj pw.
Peb kuj qhia tawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm khaws cia pob kws, dos, qaj, thiab silage.Yuav kom khaws lub crust thaum melting snow, koj muaj peev xwm muab lub cuttings nyob rau hauv tubes, kav dej ntawm polyethylene los yog bulk yas hwj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv loj, koj tuaj yeem qhwv cov pob khoom nrog ntu ntawm ib zaj duab xis multilayer, tawm hauv cov huab cua kab noj nruab nrab ntawm nws thiab cov kev ua si.
Nyob rau hauv lub cellar
Nyob rau hauv lub cellar, koj muaj peev xwm khaws cuttings ntawm yuav luag txhua yam cultivated nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv koj cheeb tsam: txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab noob ntoo, txiv hmab, thiab li cas los xij, qhov txawv rau lawv yog sib txawv. Txawm hais tias qee cov neeg yuav hnov zoo li hauv hnab khaub ncaws los yog sawdust, lwm tus yuav nyiam xuab zeb, peat los yog ntxhuab (spangum) ntau dua. 
Thaum muab nyob rau hauv sawdust, lub bundles yog muab tso rau hauv ib lub hnab yas hauv seem txiav thiab sprinkled nrog sawdust (nyiam dua ntawm softwood). Tightly tying lub hnab yog tsis tsim nyog, vim hais tias qhov loj tshaj plaws yog tias tua tau oxygen.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Cia ntawm cuttings nyob rau hauv lub cellar nrog kev siv ntawm xuab zeb yog permissible nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thaum nws mus rau yav tom ntej grafting ntawm grapes thiab pome cov qoob loo, tab sis rau harvesting pob zeb txiv hmab txiv ntoo nws yog zoo dua mus nrhiav lwm cov kev xaiv.Thaum khaws cia nyob rau hauv cov xuab zeb, xaiv cuttings yog muab tso rau hauv thawv nrog qhov rau qhov cua thiab them nrog ib ntub substrate. Txiav txim siab txog cov dej uas ntub dej ntawm cov xuab zeb yooj yim: cia li muab ib tug tes thiab nyem rau hauv koj lub nrig, yog tias koj xav tias cov av noo tiam sis dej tsis ntub - txhua yam zoo, yuav tsum tsis txhob ntxiv tso tawm.
Thaum khaws cia cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub cellar tej yam kev mob, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tias qhov kub yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm -2 ... +1 ° C. Nws yog qhov zoo dua, yog tias nws ceev npaum li cas ntawm 0 ° C los yog me ntsis qis dua, tiam sis, ntxiv rau lub cuttings, lwm cov kev npaj muaj feem ntau muab cia rau hauv lub cellar, ces koj yuav tsum tsis txhob mus rau extremes thiab hloov tag nrho chav rau hom mob. Ib qho zoo tshaj plaws yog 0 ... +2 ° C.
Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog cov nta cia ntawm cuttings ntawm vine. Rau nws, qhov kub thiab txias zog yog qhov tseem ceeb me ntsis li ntawm 0 ° C (piv txwv li, 0 ... + 4 ° C), uas tso cai rau koj txuag cov theem rau nruab nrab ntawm lub Peb Hlis. 
Kom tswj thiab kho cov ntsuas kub raws sij hawm, tso tus pas ntsuas kub hauv qab daus. Qhov no yuav pab kom tsis txhob overheating lossis overcooling ntawm cov khoom rau cov Tshuag. Yog li, qhov nce hauv kub dua li +3 ° C ua rau o ntawm ob lub raum, uas ua rau lub cuttings unsuitable rau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Qhov feem ntau haum humidity nyob rau hauv lub cellar yog 65-70%, thiab kom ntxiv no qhia (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim nyog thaum thaum khaws cia grape cuttings), nws yog txaus kom muab ib lub thoob dej rau hauv pem teb.
Hauv cov xuab zeb
Ntxiv nrog rau qhov qab daus, xuab zeb tuaj yeem siv los khaws cov cuttings xaiv ntawm koj qhov chaw. Txhua yam koj yuav tsum tau ua yog khawb qhov sib tw 50 cm (qhov seem tsis tseem ceeb) thiab ntim cov pob cuttings ntawm nws qab, muaj yav tas los them rau "pem teb" nrog ib txheej ntawm cov xuab zeb tseem ceeb (li 5 cm tuab). 
Sim ua kom tshee tshooj nyob ze rau ib leeg, tom qab ntawd ua rau me ntsis moist, tab sis tsis ntub xuab zeb (txheej thickness yuav tsum yog 7-8 cm). Lub txheej tom ntej ntawm npog (25-30 cm) yuav tsum tau sawv cev los ntawm hauv av coj tawm ntawm lub qhov taub. Yog tias xav tau, lub vaj tse no muaj peev xwm ua tiav nrog lub teeb ci, uas tau muab qhia rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv los yog cov vov tsev. Qhov kev xaiv no yog qhov zoo rau khaws cia grape cuttings.
Koj puas paub? Hu rau lo ntsiab muag yog tsim los ntawm xuab zeb los txhim kho kev pom kev zoo. Yog li, yog tias cov me me tau nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov muag ntawm tus neeg hnav lawv, lawv tsuas koom nrog lwm tus thiab tsis txhob ua kom lub qhov muag mucosa npaum li ntau.
Nyob rau hauv lub fridge
Yog hais tias koj muaj me ntsis ntawm cuttings, ces koj yuav txuag lawv kom txog rau thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav siv ib lub tsev tub yees. Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov kev xaiv no yuav yog ib qho zoo heev rau lo lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas kom cuttings ntawm Roses.
Qhov npaj tua raug muab tso rau hauv ib lub hnab yas huv thiab muab tso rau saum txee ntawm lub tub yees. Nws yog ntshaw tias kub ntsuas tsis tshaj +2 ° C, yog li yog hais tias koj muaj lub sijhawm los siv tus tswj, ces koj yuav tsum tsis txhob neglect lawv. 
Xav tias tsis muaj cov thawv txias li qub, qhov chaw khaws cia ntawm qhov chaw npaj yuav txawv: nws zoo dua rau ib tus neeg muab pob rau hauv lub tub yees, thiab rau lwm tus neeg hauv thaj chaw rau zaub thiab zaub. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yuav tsum nco ntsoov: lub tub yees thiab lub tub yees muaj ntau yam, uas yog, koj txoj hauj lwm tsis yog khov rau cov kev xaiv cuttings, tab sis tsuas yog kom lawv txias.
Yuav kom tswj tau qhov av pwm, koj muaj peev xwm ua ntej-qhwv lub cuttings nyob rau hauv ib daim ntaub damp los yog daim ntawv thiab tsuas yog ntim lawv nyob rau hauv hnab. Xwb, qhov tshuaj no tseem tsim tau: ua ntej, txiav cov pob khoom nrog paraffin (kiag li los yog qhov xaus xwb) thiab muab qhwv rau hauv ib daim ntaub ntub dej thiab muab tso rau hauv ib lub hnab yas khoob.
Tshawb xyuas seb yog vim li cas koj thiaj tsis cia txiv lws suav rau hauv tub yees.Hauv qab ntawm qhov chaw, qhov kub no feem ntau khaws cia rau hauv + 2 ... + 4 ° C, uas tso cai rau khaws cia cuttings muaj mus txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub caij ntuj no. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tsis nco qab tias lub pob zeb pob zeb (txiv qaub, plum, cherry plum, thiab lwm yam) twb muaj cov pob zeb hauv lub Peb Hlis, yog li ua rau lawv nyob hauv qhov cub tsis yooj yim.
Koj puas paub? Raws li microbiologists, nws yog lub tub yees uas yog qhov chaw nyob rau hauv chav daus ntawm qhov chaw, txij li nws tuaj nruab nrab ntawm 11.4 lab tus kab mob teeb meem, tsuas yog 1 cm² ntawm thaj chaw.
Yuav ua li cas los xyuas qhov kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cuttings nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav
Nrog rau tuaj txog ntawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab tus ze ntawm graft ntawm cuttings npaj nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, cov lus nug tshwm sim: yuav ua li cas mus xyuas lawv zoo, uas yog, theem ntawm preservation. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, ua tib zoo xyuas txhua ntu thiab ua cov kev sim yooj yim. Yog li, lub bark txiav yuav tsum yog tshiab thiab tus, thiab yog hais tias nws yog qhuav thiab shriveled, ces nws yuav muab pov tseg, vim nws yog tsis tsim.
Nrog rau ib txoj hlua khi me, me me yuav tsum ywj ywj thiab txaus ywj siab, tab sis yog tias koj cov hnoos qeev los tawg lossis tawg, nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem muaj sia nyob lub caij ntuj no. Hauv qhov cross-section, koj yuav tsum pom cov ntoo uas muaj xim ntsuab nrog tag nrho cov cwj pwm ntawm freshness, tab sis yog tias qhov no tsis yog qhov teeb meem, ces nws yog qhov zoo uas yuav tsum tau ua hauj lwm tam sim ntawd. Lub buds ntawm ib tug qov noj qab haus huv qeeb feem ntau haum snugly, thiab lawv cov teev yog tus thiab ywj mus rau kov.
Yog hais tias koj txiav xws li ib lub raum nrog, ces tus txiav yuav lub teeb ntsuab, tsis muaj xim kas fes pob tshab.
Yog hais tias lub cuttings ua tau raws li tag nrho cov saum toj no yuav tsum tau, nws tseem mus xyuas lawv rau frostbite tau. Ua li no, ua cov tshiab qab thiab muab txhua daim tso rau hauv lub hwj ntawm dej huv.
Yog tias koj qhov chaw ua haujlwm tau cawm lub caij ntuj no, qhov dej nyob hauv lub tank yuav tsis tshua meej, tab sis yog tias qhov no tsis yog qhov teeb meem, koj yuav pom xim daj xim daj. 
Paub txog tag nrho cov theem ntawm cia thiab kev npaj ntawm cuttings rau yav tom ntej kev txhaj tshuaj, koj yuav tsis tsuas muaj peev xwm diversify tus saj yam ntxwv ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm koj tus vaj, tab sis kuj nce lub viability ntawm nroj tsuag.
