Biohumus yog ib qho siv tau cov organic fertilizer uas nourishes thiab restores as-ham hauv cov av, uas tso cai rau koj loj hlob loj tagnrho thiab cov phooj ywg zoo phooj ywg. Uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem no organic, nws txawv ntawm lwm cov chiv thiab yuav ua li cas ua biohumus nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, peb yuav qhia rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.
Yuav ua li cas yog vermicompost thiab yuav ua li cas siv nws
Biohumus lossis vermicompost yog ib yam khoom ntawm kev sib txuam ntau yam khoom noj khoom haus los ntawm cov av hauv av. Qhov no yog dab tsi nws txawv los ntawm tib lub thawv los yog compost, uas yog tsim los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm ntau yam kab mob thiab kab mob.
Biohumus muaj cov qauv zoo li kev txhim kho cov qauv ntawm cov av thiab nws cov dej-lub cev. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov concentration ntawm nitrogen, phosphorus thiab poov tshuaj nyob rau hauv nws yog me ntsis siab tshaj nyob rau hauv lwm organics. Qhov zoo ntawm vermicompost kuj:
- humus ntsiab lus ntawm 10 mus rau 15%;
- acidity pH 6.5-7.5;
- qhov tsis muaj kab mob extraneous, nroj noob, hnyav hlau ntsev;
- muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab ntau cov kab mob uas muaj feem xyuam rau cov av uas tsim muaj;
- ntau sai kev loj hlob thiab ntau ruaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag pub nrog no cov organic teeb meem;
- siv tau rau peb mus rau xya xyoo.
Biohumus yog qhov tseeb pov thawj thaum siv:
- rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov kab mob nroj tsuag thiab lawv yooj yim hloov ntawm kub nti;
- kom ceev li qhov germination ntawm noob thiab kom nce tus naj npawb ntawm seedlings;
- kom nce lub ntim thiab accelerate lub ripening ntawm qoob loo;
- kev ceev nrooj, rov kho thiab txhim kho av av;
- rau tshwj kom txhob muaj teeb meem kab (nyhuv txog rau lub hlis);
- lug txhim khu cov xim zoo nkauj ntawm cov paj.
Koj puas paub? Cov tawm los ntawm cov nroj tsuag fertilized nrog vermicompost yog 35-75% siab tshaj uas pub nrog chiv.Ob peb lo lus hais txog kev siv biohumus hauv lub vaj. Nws yog siv raws li lub ntsiab chiv rau:
- cog thiab sowing nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv qhib hauv av thiab nyob rau hauv lub tsev xog paj;
- saum khaub ncaws hnav ntawm txhua hom kev cog qoob loo;
- resuscitation thiab av reclamation;
- ntau yam kev ua si hauv hav zoov;
- fertilizing floral nroj tsuag thiab loj hlob nyom grasses.
Qhov no organic fertilizer yog siv thoob plaws hauv lub caij: los ntawm thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav mus txog rau thaum xaus ntawm Autumn.Biohumus yuav ua ntaub ntawv thov rau tej av thiab nyob rau hauv txhua qhov ntau, qhov pom zoo daim ntawv thov - 3-6 tons ntawm qhuav fertilizer rau ib tug 1 his rau loj cheeb tsam, rau me me - 500 g ib 1 m².
Kua kua rau pub thiab ywg nroj tsuag yog npaj los ntawm 1 liter ntawm vermicompost, uas yog diluted nyob rau hauv 10 liv dej sov.
Biohumus yog muag hauv daim ntawv tiav nyob rau hauv granules thiab hauv cov kua fwj (aqueous kev ncua).
Koj puas paub? Thawj thawj zaug, cov Neeg Asmeskas pib yug kab mob ntawm cov chaw ua teb tshwj xeeb (vermiculture) hauv lub 40s ntawm xyoo dhau los. Tom qab ntawd cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muab cog rau lwm lub teb chaws. Hnub no nws zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, UK, Netherlands thiab lwm lub teb chaws.Nws tuaj yeem npaj tau yooj yim nyob hauv tsev. Muaj ob txoj hauv kev ua qhov no:
- hauv cheeb tsam qhib;
- hauv chav.
Ob leeg nyob rau hauv thawj thiab nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thib ob nws yuav tsum tau mus nruab ib tug tshwj xeeb tsim tawm rau yug me nyuam. Kev lag luam siv rau no vermifabriki.
Nyeem ntxiv txog yuav ua li cas ua noj biohumus, nyeem cov nram qab no. Feem ntau, txoj haujlwm no muaj tsib qib:
- xaiv ntawm hom thiab yuav khoom ntawm cov kab tshuam;
- composting;
- tso cov tsiaj txhu hauv lwg;
- kev saib xyuas thiab pub mis;
- extraction ntawm worms thiab biohumus.
Xaiv thiab muas compost worms
Earthworms tuaj yeem pom thiab khaws tau los ntawm lawv tus kheej lossis yuav khoom hauv lub khw. Feem ntau, Californian liab cov hnoos qeev siv rau hauv kev ua kom tsis muaj zog (bred raws li cov av ntawm 50s - 60s ntawm xyoo pua 20th), tiam sis ntau lub tuam txhab kuj muaj lwm hom: prospector, manure, earthy, Dendroben Veneta (European worm rau nuv ntses).
Cov neeg ua haujlwm paub txog cov tshuaj tsis muaj ntses (vermicompost) hais tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov tsiaj no ua rau cov tawv nqaij yog Californian liab thiab ib lub zeem muag. Cov thawj coj loj zoo, nyob ntev mus (10-16 xyoos), ua hauj lwm ceev, tab sis lawv cov tsis zoo yog qhov tsis tshua muaj siab txias.
Koj puas paub? Thaum nruab hnub, ib qho cua daj cua dub tau txais los ntawm nws txoj hnyuv cev ib ntim ntawm av sib npaug zos rau qhov nyhav ntawm nws lub cev. Yog li, yog tias peb xav txog tias qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov tsiaj nyhav li ntawm 0.5 g, ces 50 tus neeg tauj ib 24 teev ib hectare ntawm av tau ua 250 kg ntawm av.Lub miner kuj tau coj tawm ntawm lub dung-worm. Nws yog ceev hauv reproduction ntawm fertilizer (nws ua rau 100 kg ntawm biohumus), tsis undergo kab mob thiab kev mob, reproduces zoo (ua rau li ntawm 1500 cov neeg) thiab muaj peev xwm withstand tsawg kub - nws mus tob rau hauv av thiaj li tsis khov.
Koj tuaj yeem yuav cov cua nab hauv cov khw muag khoom tshwj xeeb, nrog rau hauv Internet, los yog hauv cov dej cawv. Lawv feem ntau yog muag los ntawm cov tsev neeg, tsawg kawg yog 1500 npaug txhua, uas muaj xws li 10% ntawm cov laus, 80% ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab 10% ntawm cocoons. Thaum nriav cov tsiaj, koj yuav tsum tau them nqi rau lawv txoj kev muaj mob thiab lub cev xim.Kev tsim cov ntawv kho mob
Raws li peb twb tau sau, vermicompost yuav npaj tau ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm lub caij ntuj sov tsev, thiab nyob rau hauv lub apartment los yog lub tsev. Ib qhov chaw twg yuav ua: nkas-las, tso, hauv qab daus. Ib co khoom noj khoom haus chervyatniki hauv chav dej. Qhov loj tshaj plaws - los tsim ib qho kev sau kab lus los yog compost qhov los yog ib pawg.
Ntawm txoj kev, ib lub tsev rau cov kab nab npawb nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib lub thawv ntawm cov ntoo ua ke tsis muaj ib qho hauv qab thiab ib lub hau. Lub thawv ntawv yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv ib qho chaw nkaum ntawm lub hnub hauv av, tsis muaj qhov teeb meem ntawm cov pob zeb, vim tias cov dej ntau dhau yuav tsum tau muaj kev tawm.
Qhov loj me yuav ua tau txawv, piv txwv li, 60-100 cm siab, 1-1.3 m ntev thiab dav. Nyob hauv ib chav tsev, lub tsev rau kab nab npua kuj tsim tau los ntawm lub thawv ntoo (yas thawv), los yog ntawm cov thawv ntawv tso rau hauv ib qho. -Tau khoom siv hauv tsev. Rau yug me nyuam worms yog haum loj Aquariums. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov yas suab sib tsoo, muab tso rau hauv lub taub ntim yas lossis thawv.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Lub tank yuav tsum tau nruab nrog kua: tso ib txheej ntawm gravel rau hauv qab los yog ua qhov rau nws. Yog tias tsis muaj dej ntub lawm, cov tsiaj yuav tuag sai sai.Yuav kom haum li ntau cov kab nyob hauv chav tsev me me, cov thawv ntawv lossis cov thawv tuaj yeem muab tso rau ib leeg rau ib qho tiaj tiaj los yog txee tau. Yog li ntawd nws muaj peev xwm muab tso rau ib lab crawling tsiaj ntawm ib cheeb tsam ntawm 15-20 m².
Compost npaj (nutrient substrate)
Rau txhua hom kab tshoob, nws yuav tsum tau npaj kom tau ib lub cev substrate, uas yuav tsum muaj xws li:
- manure lossis khib nyoos, zaub mov pov tseg ntawm cov nroj tsuag keeb kwm, nplooj, saum - ib feem;
- xuab zeb - 5%;
- quav nyab (straw) los yog sawdust - ib feem.
Ua ntej muab tso rau hauv lub composter ntawm worms, lub substrate yuav tsum tau mus ua ib tug tshwj xeeb kev kho mob - composting. Nws yuav tsum tau rhuab mus rau qhov yuav tsum tau kub li ob peb hnub. Ua li no, nws tsuas yog ua kom sov nyob hauv lub hnub (qhov siab xav tau thaum lub Plaub Hlis Ntuj mus rau Lub Cuaj Hli), los yog txiv qaub los yog peat (20 kg ib 1 tuj ntawm raw khoom) yog nkag rau hauv nws. 
Composting yuav tsum kav ntev txog 10 hnub. Los ntawm thawj hnub mus rau peb hnub, qhov kub thiab txias yuav tsum yog tom +40 ° C, ob hnub tom ntej - tom + 60 ... + 70 ° C, txij hnub xya mus txog kaum hnub - + 20 ... + 30 ° C.
Tom qab siv tshuaj ua kom tiav, nws yuav tsum tau kuaj sim los ntawm kev khiav ob peb lub cua nab nyob ntawm qhov chaw. Yog hais tias cov tsiaj tau sib sib zog nqus hauv ob peb feeb, ces cov nplooj lwg tau npaj txhij; yog tias lawv nyob hauv qhov chaw, lub substrate tseem yuav tsum sawv ntsug.
Qhov zoo acidity ntawm compost yog 6.5-7.5 pH. Nrog kev nce hauv acidity saum 9 pH, tsiaj yuav tuag nyob rau hauv xya hnub.
Kawm ntxiv txog lwm cov chiv, xws li Kemira, Stimul, Hos, Kristalon, Ammophos, potassium sulfate, Zircon.Kev tshuaj ntsuam substrate rau acidity kuj yog ib txoj kev sim. Khiav 50-100 tus kheej ib hnub. Yog hais tias tom qab lub sij hawm no tag nrho cov tib neeg muaj sia, ces tus compost yog zoo. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev tuag ntawm 5-10 cov neeg, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los txo acidity los ntawm ntxiv chalk los yog txiv qaub, los yog kom txo alkalinity by ntxiv straw los yog sawdust.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws noo noo cov ntsiab lus ntawm compost yog 75-90% (yuav nyob ntawm seb hom kab nab npawb). Thaum cov av qis tshaj 35% ntawm lub lim tiam, cov tsiaj tuag taus.
Qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua si tseem ceeb ntawm kab nab npawb yog + 20 ... + 24 ° C, thiab kub hauv -5 ° C thiab siab tshaj +36 ° C qhov kev muaj peev xwm ntawm lawv qhov kev tuag yog qhov loj tshaj. 
Bookmark (tso) tawm cab hauv kab tsuag
Cov nab kuab maj mam muab tso rau saum lub npoo ntawm cov substrate hauv cov khoom siv. 750-1500 cov tib neeg yuav tsum poob rau txhua lub square meter.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Txij li thaum lub worms tsis zam lub teeb ci, lub sab saum toj ntawm tus sau kab lus yuav tsum tau them nrog ib tug maub cov khoom uas tso cai rau huab cua kom dhau los.Kev sib haum ntawm cov tsiaj yuav tsum nqa tawm li ob rau peb lub lis piam.
Kev kho mob thiab tej yam kev mob rau kev khaws cov nplooj lwg
Substrate nyob rau hauv lub composter yog raug mus rau li niaj zaus loosening thiab watering. Kuj tseem yuav tau noj cov zaub mov.
Loosening yuav tsum tau nqa ob zaug ib lub lim tiam uas siv ib tug phaj tsab phom los yog tshwj xeeb phom rau cov tshuaj vermicompost. Nws yog nqa tawm mus rau tag nrho qhov tob ntawm substrate, tab sis tsis tov.
Dej tsuas nrog sov (+ 20 ... + 24 ° C) thiab tsuas yog sib cais dej (tsawg kawg peb hnub). Chlorinated siv dej tua tau tsiaj. Rainwater los yog yaj dej yog zoo rau kev ywg dej. Nws yog yooj yim rau dej nrog ib tug watering tau nrog me qhov.
Kos cov av noo ntawm substrate, tuav ib tug me me ntawm nws nyob rau hauv ib tug fist. Ib tug txaus moist substrate yog ib qho uas, thaum compressed, ua dej noo, tiam sis tsis dej ntswg. 
Thawj thawj cov tsiaj txhu yog nqa ob los yog peb hnub tom qab kev sib hais haum. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, lawv yuav tsum tau pub rau txhua txhua ob rau peb lub lis piam. Zaub cov zaub mov pov tseg yog poured nyob rau hauv ib tug uniform txheej ntawm 10-20 cm tshaj tag nrho saum npoo. Qe qe, qos yaj ywm peelings, watermelon peels, melons, txiv tsawb tev, dos tev, lwm yam siv tau rau sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws, tsuas yog tag nrho cov khib nyiab yuav tsum tau muab sib xyaw kom zoo.
Saib xyuas cov npe ntawm cov tshuaj uas yuav pab tau koj rau txoj kev tu vaj: "PhytoDoctor", "Nemabakt", "Thanos", "Strobe", "Bud", "Quadris", "Corado", "Hom", "Confidor" .Sij hawm dhau mus, lub substrate nyob rau hauv lub thawv yuav muab faib nyob rau hauv peb txheej. Worms yuav pub nyob rau hauv txheej txheej ntawm substrate ntawm ib lub tob ntawm 5-7 cm Nyob rau hauv ob txheej - nyob rau ntawm ib tug tob ntawm 10-30 cm, feem ntau ntawm cov tsiaj yuav nyob. Txhua yam uas yog, hauv qab no, nyob hauv peb txheej, thiab yog biohumus.
Sampling (department) ntawm worms thiab biohumus
Biohumus yuav npaj txhij mus li plaub mus rau tsib lub hlis tom qab lub tua hluav taws. Thaum lub thawv nrog cua nab thiab biohumus tag nrho tag nrho, tsiaj thiab fertilizer yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm. 
Yuav kom cais cov cua nab, lawv tau qhib rau peb mus rau plaub hnub. Tom qab ntawd, on ib feem peb ntawm substrate, ib tug 5-7 cm txheej ntawm tshiab zaub mov yog pw tawm. Cov tsiaj txhu rau qee lub sij hawm yuav sib sau ua ke ntawm lub vev xaib. Tom qab ob peb hnub, cov kab nab npawb yuav tau muab tshem tawm. Rau peb lub lis piam, txoj kev no rov qab ua ke peb zaug.
Biohumus yog ib qho tsaus nti smearing uas khaws thiab qhuav. Tom qab ntawd tsho tawm nrog ib sab cib thiab ntim rau cia. Nws lub neej txee yog 24 lub hlis thaum muab cia rau qhov kub ntawm -20 rau + 30 ° C.
Koj puas paub? Hauv cov tebchaws European, nyob rau Asmeskas thiab Nyij Pooj, cov khoom loj tuaj rau cov teb uas yog fertilized nrog biohumus muaj ntau dua kev thov thiab muaj nqi ntau dua li cov cog hauv av uas yog pub nrog quav tsiaj los yog pob zeb hauv av. Nws tsis muaj tshuaj muaj teeb meem rau tib neeg, uas txhais tau hais tias nws muaj khoom noj khoom haus ntau dua.Ntuj fertilizer biohumus ua qhov nrov nrov ntawm cov tswv teb ua liaj ua teb thiab dacha thaj av. Nws cov khoom kuj yog ib qho lag luam pheej cia. Thiab txawm hais tias nws tsis yog yooj yim thiab pheej yig los tsim cov organic teeb meem no, ecologically huv, loj, noj qab nyob zoo thiab cua zaub yog undoubtedly tsim nyog lub dag zog. 1500-3000 worms yuav txaus kom tau organic fertilizer, uas yog txaus rau pub ib cheeb tsam vaj teb ntawm peb mus rau plaub puas.
