Cov pawg loj loj ntawm thaum ntxov ripening muaj kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo grapes "Transformation" ris txiaj ntsim los ntawm ntau gardeners nyob rau hauv lub post-Soviet qhov chaw. Dua li ntawm qhov tseeb tias qhov no hybrid tsis tau raug tso hauv Lub Xeev Sau, nws twb tau txais nrov nrov thiab tau raug lees paub tias yog kev loj hlob hauv kev loj hlob nyob rau saum kaum ntau hom kab lis kev cai. Dab tsi koj yuav tsum paub kom thiaj li loj hlob ntawm koj lub vev xaib ntawm ntau yam tshiab, thiab seb yuav tu nws li cas, nyeem hauv tsab xov xwm no.
Koj puas paub? Thoob ntiaj teb, vineyards nyob thaj tsam li 80 txhiab square meters. 71% ntawm tag nrho cov cog yog siv rau winemaking, 27% - rau tau ntawm tshiab berries, thiab tsuas yog 2% - rau lub chaw ua khoom ntawm raisins. Qhov loj tshaj plaws vineyards yog nto moo Spain (11,750 km²), Fabkis (8640 km²), Ltalis (8270 km²).
Keeb kwm ntawm txiv hmab "Transformation"
Grapes "Hloov dua tshiab" yog lub ntsej muag ntawm ib hom breeder thiab kev tu tsiaj ntawm Novocherkassk Viktor Kraynov thiab qhov kev piav qhia muaj ntau yam nyob rau hauv ntau nrog ntau hom ntawm tus sau - "Victor" thiab "Hnub ntawm Novocherkassk." 
Nrhiav kev sib txawv hauv lawv tuaj yeem yog ib tus kws tshaj lij. Nyob rau hauv cov neeg, tag nrho 3 hom hybrid yog hu ua "Troika Krainova".
Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias tus sau nws tus kheej singled tawm los ntawm tag nrho cov hybrids tau grapes "Transformation"muaj kev xav txog kev qhuas thiab kev txaus siab hauv lawv qhov kev tsim.
Lub saj thiab productivity ntawm nws brainchild tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm lwm cov neeg cog khoom los ntawm thaj tsam ntawm yav qab teb thiab temperate climatic latitudes. 
Tshaj li 13 xyoo ntawm nws lub neej, tus tsiaj tau noj cov cag zoo nyob rau hauv lub farmsteads ntawm cov neeg nyob ntawm Ukraine, Belarus, Russia, Latvia, thiab Moldova. Tab sis hmoov tsis, tseem tsis tau txais qhov xwm txheej ntawm ntau yam.
Yuav ua li cas tau noj raws li qhov niam txiv hauv kev tsim kom muaj ib daim kab xev yog ib qho lus tseem ceeb, tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv qhia tias "Hloov", "Victor" thiab "Novocherkass Anniversary" tau los ntawm ib lub yub.
Ua ke nrog cov txiv hmab hauv koj lub vev xaib yuav saib zoo nkauj currants, honeysuckle, gooseberry, saplings ntawm strawberries, blueberries, yoshta, dogwood.
Kev txheeb raws roj ntsha thiab cov yeeb yam ntawm ntau yam
Lub hybrid belongs rau lub rooj top-grape, uas yog cultivated rau noj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv raw thiab rau lub hom phiaj ntawm winemaking.
Raws li nws lwm yam ntxwv, qhov ntau yam yog txawv los ntawm loj liab-daj txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm ib tug cylindrical duab nrog ib tug nyias tev nrog ib lub teeb kov ntawm wax. Tab sis yog hais tias cov nroj tsuag yog cultivated nyob rau hauv lub hnub, lub grapes feem ntau poob lawv cov xim liab. Nyob rau hauv loj, ib tug Berry nce txog yuav luag 4 cm nyob rau hauv ntev thiab 2,5 - 3 cm dav.
Ib pawg loj muaj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, hnyav txog 20 g, thiab lawv qhov ntev tshaj 5 cm.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Los curb qhov intensive kev loj hlob ntawm vine, gardeners txiav tawm lub tua ntawm 8 lub qhov muag.Grape txhuam tsis ntom, kis tau tus kab mob conical thiab hnyav txog 1 kg ntawm qhov nruab nrab. Ib txhia, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog loj, hnyav - 3-3.5 kg.
Rau tag nrho cov ripening, lub hybrid yuav siv sij hawm txog 115 hnub, thiab nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam yav qab teb koj muaj peev xwm sau nyob rau hauv lub xeem Lub Xya hli ntuj lub lim tiam. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj ib qho qhia tau qab zib saj, me ntsis qaub.
Txog 20 g ntawm qab zib tau pom nyob rau hauv lawv cov ntom thiab muaj kua pulp. Nrog ib tug nroj tsuag, nyob rau hauv dej siab cultivation tej yam kev mob, nws yog ib qhov ua tau kom tshem tawm 20 kg ntawm berries ob zaug ib xyoos. Lub vine ntawm grapes "Transformation" yog tsim sai, tsiag ntawv los ntawm sim tsis haum mus rau tus mob khaub thuas thiab kab mob.
Yooj yim yuav siv paus hauv av, sai sai tom qab transplanting. Qhov no nws yog ib qho ntawm nws tus kheej-pollinating ntau yam, tsis yog nquag pea txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Pros thiab cons qoob
Daim ntawv cog lus ntawm cov txiv hmab "Transformation" tseem tsis tau nkag siab, yog li tsis muaj kev soj ntsuam ntawm nws qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo sab. 
Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg cog khwv ntawm ntau lub teb chaws muaj lawv lub tswv yim ntawm kev cog qoob loo thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm no ntau yam. Hauv kev txheeb xyuas koj tuaj yeem hnov cov nram qab no zoo. cog yam ntxwv:
- thaum ntxov ripening ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo;
- tau ntxaum ob zaug ib hnub hauv lub Xya Hli thiab Lub Kaum Hlis;
- kev hloov zoo rau cov khoom muaj nqis ntawm txhua yam;
- ruaj khov;
- intensive kev loj hlob ntawm bushes, tsis hais seb cov yam ntxwv av;
- zoo heev transportability grape pawg:
- high-quality sau rau sab nraud thiab saj cov yam ntxwv.
Ntawm lawv yog qhov nruab nrab Frost tsis kam (thaum frosts yog tshaj-18 ° C, cov nroj tsuag tuag) thiab rhiab heev rau fungal kab mob.Kuj tseem ceeb yog lub peev xwm ntawm vines yuav greased, yog li ntawd cov kev cai yuav tsum tau kev saib xyuas zoo.
Koj puas paub? Ukrainians tsis noj grapes zoo. Txhua xyoo noj ntawm lub rooj ntau yam ntawm no qoob loo per inhabitant tsis txawm ncav cuag ib kilogram, Ntxiv mus, tus qauv yog 8-10 kg.
Yuav ua li cas mus nrhiav rau thaum yuav seedlings
Cov khoom cog yog tawm tswv yim yuav hauv cov chaw zov me nyuam tshwj xeeb, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev dag ntxias yog tsawg.
Ua ib tug yuav khoom, nco ntsoov tias qhov zoo ntawm seedling txiav txim siab ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag rau tsib xyoos tom ntej, yog li ntawd tshwj xeeb mloog yuav tsum tau them rau lub keeb kwm. 
Lawv yuav tsum sib txawv zog, npliag thiab sib npaug, tsis muaj kev loj hlob, curvature, abrasions thiab lwm yam kev puas tsuaj ntawm txhua yam. Kuj pom yog tias muaj ib lub yub frostbitten lossis putrid plots.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tias hauv paus system tsis qhuav. Koj tuaj yeem khij tau qhov no los ntawm kev txawb me ntsis ntawm qee lub rhizome los yog ua rau qee qhov me me.
Tus ntoo tshiab ntawm tsob ntoo ntsuab tshwm rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub qhov ncauj qhia tias qhov tsim nyog ntawm cov khoom siv rau cog. Los ntawm cov ntawv cog lus, xaiv ib qho uas muaj zog zoo dawb xim keeb kwm. 
Ntawm cov qauv tshuaj, xaiv cov khoom siv nrog ntev txog 45 cm nrog lub rhizome txog li ib nrab ntawm ib 'meter'. Nyob rau ntawm txhua seedling yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog ib tug 10-centimeter sprout.
Yuav ua li cas cog grapes saplings
Cov tawm los ntawm grapes "Transformation" yog loj nyob ntawm kev ua raws li cov cai ntawm cog.
Yuav kom ib tug Bush loj hlob zoo, nws yuav tsum tau cog rau hauv qhov chaw thaum lub sij hawm. Cia peb nkag siab nyob rau hauv ntau dua kom meej lub subtleties ntawm rooting lub vine.
Sij hawm thiab kev xaiv ntawm tsaws chaw
Caij nplooj ntoos hlav - Lub sij hawm qib siab rau cog hybrid saplings. Kev cob qhia yuav tsum tau npaj rau hauv Lub Cuaj Hli, thiab tsaws - nrog qhov pib ntawm ruaj kub. 
Yuav kom txo qhov txaus ntshai ntawm nematode thiab fungal kab mob ntawm cov nroj tsuag, lub ntiaj teb yuav tsum sov so zoo.
Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov nroj tsuag grafted cov khoom. Mus txog thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, xws li ib tug Bush yuav loj hlob thiab ntxiv dag zog rau nws cov keeb kwm, uas yuav ua kom ib tug xis wintering rau nws.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Rau txhua lub Bush ntawm Transformation grape lub permissible load yog mus txog 35 buds.
Npaj ua haujlwm rau ntawm qhov chaw
Npaj rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav cog ntawm vine pib zoo ua ntej, txawm nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg. Hom phiaj, gardeners yuav tsum, thaum lub sij hawm no, txiav txim siab rau qhov chaw ntawm lub shrub thiab npaj cov av thiaj li hais tias nws yuav zoo siab tshaj lub caij ntuj no.
Nws tsis pom zoo kom ua li no nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, vim hais tias cov substrate yuav tsis muaj lub sij hawm los tiv thaiv, nws cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntu thiab voids, nyob qhov twg lub keeb kwm yuav tsis khab seeb. 
Ib cheeb tsam uas tsim nyog rau ntau yam "Transformation" yuav yog qhov chaw tiv thaiv los ntawm cua, qhov chaw nyob ze ntawm lub phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev los yog lub laj kab.
Thaum npaj thaj chaw koj xaiv, koj yuav tsum ua kom muaj 50 x 50 cm thiab ua kom tiav nrog rau saum txheej fertile av.
Cov qis sab substrate yog tov nrog sib npaug ntawm cov khoom xuab zeb (nees manure los yog nqaij qaib droppings yuav siv tau) thiab compost, thiab kuj superphosphate granules ntxiv.
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, lub fertilizer yog tov nrog cov organic tshuaj. Tom qab ntawd, nrog ib tug sib tov mus rau to top, lub dug qhov yog poured thiab them nrog yas qhwv, ruaj nws sawv. Watering lub qhov tsis pom zoo kom txog rau thaum lub tsaws.
Seedlings npaj
Yog hais tias cov khoom cog tau muas ntev ua ntej cog, ua ntej qhov txheej txheem ntawm rooting, koj yuav tsum rov xyuas cov rhizome thiab xyuas kom tseeb tias tsis muaj cov tuag thiab cov xaum tawg ntawm nws. 
Lub bark yuav tsum holistic, thiab lub 2 sab qhov muag - nyob rau hauv zoo mob. Nyob rau grafted seedlings tshem me me tua, tawm hauv ntev thiab feem ntau haib. Nws yog clipped rau 5 lub qhov muag, thiab cov keeb kwm yog shortened los ntawm 15 cm.
Tom qab ntawd, lub seedlings raug muab tso rau hnub nyob rau hauv cov dej thiaj li hais tias lawv saturated nrog noo noo thiab tsis qhuav.
Ib co gardeners tau qhia ntxiv kom daws tau lawv cov peev xwm ua rau lawv loj hlob (piv txwv, "Kornevin" lossis "Humat"). Nqa cov workpiece mus rau qhov chaw tsaws yuav tsum nyob rau hauv ib lub thoob ntawm av nplaum mash.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Tshiab nqaij npuas thiab melted dung los ntawm lwm cov tsiaj tsis haum rau cog ib lub vine. Qhov tseeb yog tias ntau ntawm beetle larvae nyob rau hauv nws, uas, loj hlob li, pib gnaw ib tug nroj tsuag.
Stepwise tsaws txheej txheem
Thaum cog grape cuttings, qhov aub tsiv npaj los ntawm Autumn yuav tsum rov digged, lub rhizome yuav tsum tau lowered rau nws, straightened, watered thiab them nrog substrate.
Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog rau tamp lub embankment zoo thiaj li ua rau voids tsim nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm. Saum toj hauv av 2 tug neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum sawv, nchuav nrog cov av tshiab rau saum lawv. Thaum rooting grafted seedlings, them sai sai rau qhov chaw ntawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis deepened. Nws yuav tsum 3 - 4 cm saum toj no hauv av.
Rau kev loj hlob ntawm vines, saib qhov deb nruab nrab ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv aisles ntawm 1 - 1.5 meters. Thiaj li yuav ua kom cov txheej txheem ua, ua tus cim kos nrog lub qaum thiab cov peg.
Tom qab lub seedling yog nyob rau hauv hauv av, nco ntsoov dej nws dua thiab grumble lub ntoo pob tw.
Qhov no yog ua kom thiaj li ua kom cov nyhuv cog ntawm lub tsev cog khoom thiab tiv thaiv kom tsis muaj dej phwj ntawm ya raws. Xws li ib tug Bush yuav sai sai hloov mus rau tshiab mob thiab yuav yooj yim loj hlob.
Yuav ua li cas tu rau grapes
Grapes "Hloov siab" hauv txoj kev saib xyuas tau tsim nws tus kheej tsis yog lub peev xwm thiab muaj kev txaus siab heev. 
Rau kev loj hlob zoo thiab dav dav, nws xav tau kev ya raws, kev muab tshuaj rau hauv av, zoo plaub hau, kev tiv thaiv ntawm tus kab mob los ntawm cov kab mob thiab tawm tsam ntawm cov pests. Thiab tam sim no txog txhua yam hauv kev txiav txim.
Kev kho thiab kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kab tsuag thiab kab mob
Ntawm lub siab phem kab uas nyiam mus noj tsiab rau ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm grapes, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los qhia lub wasps. Lawv massively flock mus rau qab zib berries thiab noj qhov nyob rau hauv lawv.
Tej pawg no poob lawv cov tsos thiab tsis zoo. Koj tuaj yeem txuag tau lawv los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov hniav no los ntawm kev tshem cov nkuaj zes hauv lub tshav puam thiab hauv thaj chaw ze tshaj plaws. 
Qee tus neeg cog khwb txhuam cov ntaub ntim hauv cov hnab yas los yog muab cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb ua los ntawm cov yas hwj. Npaj rau qhov tseeb tias kev sib ntaus nrog wasps yog siv sij hawm ntau heev thiab feem ntau tsis txaus.
Rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev ntsuas tawm tsam fungal thiab kab mob kab mob ntawm cov txiv hmab, kws txawj pom zoo siv siv daws ntawm fungicides, Bordeaux sib tov (1% concentration).
Insecticides yuav txuag koj lub vaj teb los ntawm kab: "Actofit", "Omayt", "Calypso", "Nyob-Vir", "Fitoverm".Pom zoo 2 - 3 disinfection rau lub caij nyoog. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom saib xyuas lub cev ntawm cov av noo noo, tsis txhob tsis tus earthen clod kom tawm los yog nws cov waterlogging.
Koj puas paub? Ntau tshaj 150 cov tshuaj muaj yees thiab li ntawm cov tshuaj vitamins tau pom nyob rau hauv cov txiv hmab. Tsis tas li ntawd, 100 g ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog tsuas yog 65 Kcal.
Watering thiab mulching cov av
Thaum watering nroj tsuag tseem ceeb kev nkag siab. Grapes hlub noo, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem loj hlob hauv marshland. Yog li ntawd, wetting cov av, xav txog qhov chaw ntawm av. 
Systematic watering yuav tsum tau rau lub Bush thaum lub sij hawm pib ntawm loj hlob rau lub caij thiab kom txog thaum flowering. Tom qab ntawd, thaum lub zes qe menyuam pib tshwm sim, qhov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau nres, rov ua dua dej thaum lub sij hawm ntev heev.
Kev paub txog winegrowers ua duav ntiav qhov nyob rau hauv lub voj voog ntawm cov nroj tsuag kom ntws tshaj dej.
Yuav kom khaws noo noo, nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab Autumn nws yog tsim nyog los npog cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm lub vine nrog 3 cm mulch los ntawm humus los yog peat. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov, qhov xav tau rau xws li ib lub pob disappears, vim hais tias nws muaj peev xwm npau taws overheating ntawm hauv paus system.
Fertilization
Qhov zoo li no yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txi ntau fruiting ntawm grapes. Nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg pluag av, ib tug nroj tsuag yuav tsis muaj peev xwm tsim tau cua berries loj loj, thiab txawm ob zaug ib xyoos. 
Yog li ntawd, gardener yuav tsum ua ib co kev rau siab, tsis tu ncua pub lub kab lis kev cai.
Kws txawj tsis qhia kom tsis txhob rov ua dua lub pob zeb ntawm qhov chaw fertilizing, vim hais tias Bush muaj ib qho kev xav tau rau ntau cov kev pab cuam uas nws xav tau nyob rau hauv tej yam concentrations, nyob ntawm seb cov theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob.
Yuav kom tsis txhob ua mob qoob loo, txhua tus neeg loj hlob yuav tsum paub seb dab tsi, thaum twg thiab yog vim li cas koj yuav tsum ua ib tug hmab. Piv txwv, nitrogen yog lub luag hauj lwm rau kev ua biomass. 
Nyob rau hauv no, cov khoom uas muaj cov kab no (urea, ammonium nitrate) yog pib thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thaum lub caij pib ntawm lub caij cog qoob, thiab cov kev pabcuam tsis yog siv thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg.
Thaum lub bushes npog xim, lawv xav tau podzhivit phosphorus. Rau lub hom phiaj no, pom zoo superphosphate, uas muaj txhawb rau zoo dua kev loj hlob ntawm inflorescences, ovaries thiab sai sai ntawm berries. Poov tshuaj yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab cov txiv hmab.
Kev siv cov chiv xws li: "Crystal", ammophos, potassium sulfate, thiab "Zircon" yuav ua kom koj cov nroj tsuag hauv vaj.Nws kev paub gardeners yog qhia kom pab nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov Autumn los yog nyob rau hauv dhau lub lim tiam lub caij ntuj sov. Cov qoob loo cov qoob loo tiv thaiv yuav pab tau tawv tooj liab, cov qoob loo yuav nce vim yog zinc, thiab boric acid yuav saib xyuas cov txheej txheem qab zib nyob rau hauv cov berries.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Thawj zaug hnav khaub ncaws ntawm txiv hmab yog ua nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ua ntej ntawm bushes qhib tom qab lub caij ntuj no, ob - ib ob peb lub lis piam ua ntej flowering, qhov thib peb - ua ntej lub berries ripen, kawg - tom qab sau.
Sau cov pob txha
Pruning grape stalks yuav tsum yog nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg los yog caij nplooj ntoos hlav ua ntej Bud so. On ntau yam "Transformation" siv kiv cua tsim ntawm vine, nyob rau hauv uas txiav txiav poob tom qab 6 - 8 peepholes. Permissible tsis pub ntau tshaj 28 tua ib qho nroj tsuag. Them sai sai rau lub grapes thiab thaum lub sij hawm flowering. Muab hnyav hnyav ntawm txhuam, tsis txhob tshaj lub vine, tawm ib pawg ntawm txhua lub sprout. 
Vaj tse rau lub caij ntuj no
Tom qab noj cov txiv hmab nrog cov tooj liab-muaj tshuaj, tsis txhob so. Tom qab tag nrho, lawv tsis lav lub Bush carefree wintering.
Koj yuav tsum ua li no. Namely: txiav 75% ntawm vine, tshem tawm nws los ntawm cov kev txhawb zog thiab, khoov cia rau hauv av, qhwv. 
Ib txhia gardeners qhia txog kev ua vaj tse cov ceg txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrog av thiab quav nyab, thiab lwm cov kev pabcuam nrog kev ntuav.
Tab sis noj mus rau hauv tus account qhov nruab nrab Frost tsis kam ntawm hybrid, nws yog ib qhov zoo dua los tu ntawm kev tiv thaiv tau txhim khu kev qha thiab kom meej grind cov av nyob rau hauv lub qab lub voj voog.
