Ib co gardeners, thiaj li tsis txhob qoob loo poob los ntawm qos kab mob, yog cog paus cov qoob loo ntawm tshiab technologies nyob rau hauv tej kas tham, hnab thiab nyob rau hauv quav nyab. Tab sis tsis ntev lawv yog ntxias hais tias nws tsis txuag tubers los ntawm cov kab mob, fungi thiab viruses uas provoke ntau yam ntawm ailments. Lawv ruthlessly ntaus noj qab haus huv nroj tsuag thiab lawv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv qhib tua, tsev xog paj thiab txawm nyob rau hauv lub cellar. Cov nqa khoom ntawm pathogens feem ntau yog cov pests thiab lwm yam kab. Cia peb xav txog ntau yam, dab tsi yog cov kab mob ntawm cov qos yaj ywm, thiab kev ntsuas mus rau lawv.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nws yog yuav luag tsis tau tam sim ntawd kho tau cog tubers los ntawm cov kab mob ntawm tej yam xwm. Qhov no yog vim muaj qhov tseeb hais tias feem ntau cov kab mob kis rau cov av los yog noob. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, sib ntaus tawm tsam lawv yuav tsum pib nrog kev thiab kev kho mob ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab raws li lub meej npaj ntawm txaj rau cog.
Kab mob qoob loo kab mob
Kab mob kab mob ntawm cov qos yaj ywm muaj provoked los ntawm ntau yam microbes, uas los ntawm tubers maj kis los ntawm stems, infecting tag nrho cov nroj tsuag. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj heev rau kev sib ntaus nrog lawv, txij li thaum cov av nyob rau hauv paus qoob loo hlob kuj xav tau kev tu cev.
Yuav kom tswj tau nrog xws li ib txoj hauj lwm, koj yuav tsum tau raws sij hawm thiab competent seeding. Qee lub sij hawm nws yuav siv sij hawm ntau xyoo nrog lwm tus cog hauv cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob uas tsis muaj kab mob hauv cov kab mob, xws li: nplej, pobkws, barley, radish, beet, cabbage, haus luam yeeb, legumes.
Xim av kab mob xim liab
Tus kab mob no tshwm sim vim kev ua haujlwm ntawm kab mob Ralstonia solanacearum on qos yaj ywm. Nws thawj manifestations pom thaum lub sij hawm flowering lub sij hawm ntawm cov qoob loo, thaum keeb kwm pib rau. Nyob rau lub sij hawm no, muaj yellowing thiab wilting ntawm foliage, nws ua shriveled thiab lifeless, thiab lub stems mus cia thiab tig xim av nrog lub sij hawm.
Mus rau ntawm qhov ntawm reproduction ntawm pathogenic cov kab mob, softening thiab putrefying kev sau tseg nyob rau hauv qis paus ib feem ntawm lub qia. Splits yog pom zoo raws cov tua, thiab cov kab mob kis tau daj ua lwj xim liab.
Yog tias koj txiav tawm qia ntawm lub cev muaj mob, cov xim av daj yuav pom ntawm lub nplhaib nplhaib. Thaum muab cov phom nyhuv, cov grayish-dawb, hnoos qeev yuav tawm ntawm nws.
Botanists xim av rot tsim rau vascular ailments ntawm qos yaj ywm thiab kos tus tuag ntawm bushes raws li ib tug ntawm blockage ntawm xylem leeg los ntawm ib tug tuab gummy mass. Muaj mob thaum tus kab mob no tau tshwm sim los ntawm verticillary wilting thiab nplhaib rot, nyob rau hauv uas tsis muaj splitting ntawm tua thiab muaj mucous secretions. 
Tus kab mob on qos tubers yog qhia los ntawm softened vascular nplhaib thiab cov tsos ntawm xim av putrefactive hais nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus. Feem ntau cov txheej txheem ntawm cov hniav lwj pib hauv lub chaw cia khoom. Lawv tau nrog cov mucous secretions thiab tsis kaj siab. Xws li qos yaj ywm kis tag nrho cov neeg nyob ze thiab tag rot.
Koj puas paub? Raws li lub International Finance Corporation, Ukrainians haus li 4 lab tons ntawm qos yaj ywm txhua xyoo, thaum lub sij hawm nruab nrab tawm los ntawm paus qoob loo yog txog 18-19 lab tons.Ua cov agronomists ntawm lub teb chaws yog kos cov xim ntawm cov tswv teb thiab cov tswv av rau qhov tseeb tias kev sib ntaus cov kab mob ntawm kab mob ntawm cov qos yaj ywm yuav tsum tau tsom kwm rau kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam pathogens piav qhia saum toj no. Ntawm lub plawv ntawm tag nrho cov kev ntsuas no yog kev tswj ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov neeg sab hauv thiab sab nraud.
Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau muaj kev tiv thaiv thoob plaws tag nrho lub sij hawm ntawm cultivation los ntawm ntau txoj hau kev, nrog rau cov noob ua thiab cov koom haum thiab kev lag luam, thiab cov qauv ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov qoob loo.
Nrog cov tsos ntawm xim av rot, qoob loo tig thiab qhov qhia txog ntawm qib siab chiv yog ntawm tseem ceeb tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv combating nws. Nws yuav ua tau rau cov nroj tsuag qos yaj ywm hauv lub vaj teb mob tom qab 5 xyoos. Noob tubers yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo scroll thiab nco ntsoov sov so rau 20 - 30 hnub. Qhov no yuav pab txhim kho cov khoom siv tsis zoo. Nws tseem yuav tau qhia los ntawm ib qho kev sib tov hnyuv qaub 0.002%, uas yog siv los ua cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau ib nrab ib teev.
Yog hais tias thaum lub sij hawm cog muaj ib qho yuav tsum tau txiav lub keeb kwm, lub riam yuav tsum tau disinfected nrog formalin los yog poov tshuaj permanganate. Noj cov qos yaj ywm zoo, rau cov lus cog tseg, muab cog ua ntej cog cov tshuaj xws li: "TMTD", "Rizoplan", "Baktofit", "Polycarbotsin", rov ua dua ob zaug lub yub kev kho mob ua ntej lub taub hau.
Zoo cultivated ntau yam nrog nce endurance rau microbes: "Resource", "Ulyanovsk", "Luck", "Volzhanka". Lub sib ntaus tawm tsam kab mob ntawm cov qos yaj ywm muaj xws li kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ntawm qhov chaw thiab tshem tawm ntawm cov nroj tsuag kab mob.
Kws txawj qhia kom nqa tawm thawj tu tom qab lub stems ncav cuag 25 cm nyob rau hauv qhov siab, ob - thaum lub sij hawm flowering, thiab thib peb - ib ob peb lub lis piam ua ntej sau. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm kom tiav mow lub saum, thiaj li hais tias cov av muaj sij hawm kom qhuav ua ntej harvesting lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Tag nrho cov sau yuav tsum zoo qhuav ua ntej tso rau hauv lub cellar. Npaj ua haujlwm yuav tsum muaj nyob hauv lub chaw cia khoom.
Rau qhov kawg no, lawv tshem tag nrho cov zaub txhua xyoo dhau los thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, muab tshuaj tua kab nrog 2% aqueous tov ntawm tooj liab sulphate thiab txheej txheem cov phab ntsa nrog slaked txiv qaub. Ntawm qhov nkag mus rau thaj chaw nteg ib daim ntaub ntub nrog 5% ntawm xiav cov vitriol.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Rau kev txuag kev tiv thaiv ntawm qos tubers nyob rau hauv lub cellar, thawj 20 hnub lub chav tsev kub tsis yuav tsum tau nyob hauv qab +13 ° C, thiab humidity yuav tsum nyob rau ntawm 90%. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, koj yuav tsum tau txias zuj zus mus 2 degrees.
Nplhaib rot
Cov cim qhia ntawm nplhaib rot yog heev noticeable on tubers thiab qos biomass. Lawv tshwm sim tom qab flowering nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm yellowing nyias tua thiab twisting nplooj. Cov kab mob uas raug cuam tshuam ua rau mob hnyav, txawm tias muaj kev tuag ntawm tes. Qhov no tshwm sim vim qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm txoj hlab ntsha ntawm cov qoob loo thiab cov yub.
Tus kab mob no pib los ntawm cov hauv paus hniav, tab sis nws cov tsos mob thawj zaug tuaj yeem pom ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thaum lawv raug txiav. Daj daj lossis xim av ntawm cov npoo ntawm cov tub ntxhais qhia tau ntxiv txog kev tsim cov kev ua kom muaj ntsig txog uas yuav rhuav tshem tag nrho cov me nyuam hauv plab. Thaum nias, gray-daj mucus flows ntawm thaj chaw.
Yog hais tias thaum lub sij hawm tshuaj ntsuam ntawm noob koj tsis pom tej yam tshwm sim ntawm rot thiab cog xws li ib tug paus qoob loo, ntsias, tsis zoo tsim, refined tua nrog me me deformed nplooj yuav loj hlob los ntawm nws. Tsis txhob cia siab tias ib tug loj sau los ntawm xws li bushes.
Feem ntau, kab mob ntawm cov qos yaj ywm los ntawm cov khoom cog tsis zoo, los yog vim muaj kev puas tsuaj thaum lub sij hawm sau qoob loo ntawm cov qoob loo, kev thauj cov tub rau hauv cov ntim kab mob, thiab ua txhaum cai ntawm kev cai cia. Niaj hnub no, tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg tshuaj lom neeg los ntawm kev siv cov kab mob tso rau ntawm cov kab noj qoob loo solanaceous.
Lawv muaj kev tiv thaiv nrog txoj kev cais tawm, uas, ntxiv rau kev tsim cov khoom cog thiab kev yos hav zoov, muaj sevosmenu rau 3 xyoos, xaiv cov resistant ntau yam, fertilization ntawm qos yaj ywm nrog potassium preparations thiab systematic tshem tawm ntawm cov nroj tsuag diseased ntawm thawj cov cim qhia ntawm rot.
Koj puas paub? Cov kab mob qos yaj ywm los ntawm 30 mus rau 65% ntawm qoob loo.
Ntub dej txhav
Tus kab mob no pib nrog tub ntxhais ntawm tubers thiab, feem ntau, nyob rau hauv thawj theem ntawm kev loj hlob yog nyuaj los txiav txim. Nws cov hauv paus ua kab yog cov kab mob los yog fungal pathogens uas nkag rau hauv paus qoob loo thaum raug mechanically los yog nqa los ntawm kab tsuag. Raws li cov teeb meem no, nws ua kom meej yog vim li cas lub qos yog sai sai rotting los ntawm sab hauv.
Qhov no yog qhia nyob rau hauv softening ntawm tubers thiab sib kis ntawm ib tug muaj zog stink. Cov ntaub so ntswg yog pib dawb, thiab tom qab ntawd lawv tig xim av, tuaj tos tsaus nti. Los ntawm txoj kev, lub tev yog cuam tshuam thaum lub sab hauv yog tag nrho rotten. Nws tshwm sim hais tias qhov saum npoo ntawm cov qoob loo cov qoob loo yog them nrog maub dents, los ntawm qhov uas muaj cov ntsev pob txha nqaj dej tau los thaum muab pov tseg.
Yog hais tias lub hauv paus tau txais mus rau hauv cov neeg mob txias, nws lub pob muag tawv muag tawm, thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm lwj pib. Yog li ntawd, cov tubers tsis yuav tsum tau saib xyuas ntawm, nws yog zoo dua los mus siv lawv tam sim ntawd, pub kom lawv yuav qaub tag nrho cov qoob loo. Cov tswv teb nco ntsoov tias feem ntau cov qos yaj ywm muaj feem cuam tshuam los ntawm tus kab mob no nyob hauv lub cellar, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum twg cov khoom khov, los sis, hloov dua siab tshiab, coj mus rau hauv lub qhov cub hauv pob taws thiab tau txais kev cawm dim ntawm kub saum toj + 4 ° C.
Cov tsos ntawm ntub rot yog tseem muaj nrog high humidity nyob rau hauv lub chav tsev thiab tsis zoo qhov cua. Qhov no yog vim tsis muaj oxygen, uas entails ib tug txo nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm qos txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Koj tuaj yeem tshem tau qhov teeb meem, dua, nrog kev ntsuas. Rau qhov no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej tias cov av nyob rau hauv cov kab lis kev cai loj hlob tsis dhau ntub thiab yog zoo loosened. Thaum tso nyob rau hauv cia, xaiv noj qab haus huv tubers thiab qhuav lawv zoo.
Nws yog ib advisable los kho noob qos yaj ywm ua ntej nkag mus rau cellar, lub tshuaj npaj "Maxim". Thiab tseem tiv thaiv cov qoob loo ntawm txhua hom ntawm abrasions thiab txiav, nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, coj kev ntsuas mus rau tshwj kom txhob pests. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, quav lub keeb kwm, tsis hais txog ntawm lawv lub hom phiaj, nyob rau hauv thawv los yog zaub nets. Hauv cov xwm txheej uas koj tau pom muaj qoob loo, tshem tag nrho cov tubers ntawm thaj tsam mob thiab sim siv lawv sai li sai tau. Tsis tas li ntawd ua raws li cov cai rau khaws cia qos yaj ywm (peb hais saum toj no).
Koj puas paub? Txhua xyoo, cov neeg European yog sau txog 35 tons ntawm qos yaj ywm ib hectare, thaum cov Ukrainians tsuas yog 15 tons. Xws li qhov sib txawv tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tseeb tias 95% ntawm cov khoom yog cultivated nyob rau hauv me me liaj teb, uas, ntawm chav kawm, yog xav nyob rau hauv qhov zoo ntawm tubers.
Mixed nrog rot
Qhov no muaj tus kab mob ntawm qos tubers, zoo li yav dhau los hom bacteriosis, tshwm sim thaum wintering ntawm paus qoob loo yog tsis ua thiab vim mechanical abrasions, impacts, txiav. Cov tsos mob nyob ntawm seb cov hom pathogens ntes tau nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg membranes ntawm tubers. Koj tuaj yeem soj ntsuam cov cim ntawm ntub lossis nplhaib thiab qhuav rot twb tau piav qhia los ntawm peb. Lub nplaum txho, xim liab los yog xim daj yuav pom tshwm rau cov cheeb tsam uas raug mob.
Txoj kev ntsuam xyuas nrog cov microbes tsis muaj qhov txawv ntawm cov hais saum toj no. Koj qhov dej num tseem ceeb yog los tiv thaiv cov qoob loo ntawm kev puas tsuaj, los xyuas kom meej tias txoj cai zoo rau txuag nws. Noob cov khoom tseem ceeb heev rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob ua ntej yuav tso cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob. Seasoned gardeners qhia cov tshuaj "Fludioksonil" thiab "Maxim".
Dub ceg
Tus kab mob no yog tsim los ntawm kev luam ntawm microbes ntawm Pectobacterium genus, uas tuaj yeem khwv tau ntawm ntau hom nroj tsuag thiab xis nyob ntawm qhov kub ntawm + 2 ° C mus txog + 32 ° C. Nws yog tsim nyog yuav tsum them tribute rau endurance parasites, txij li thaum lawv, tau mus rau hauv cov av, yog muab cia rau ntau tshaj li ob xyoos. Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, kev noj qab haus huv tubers raug contaminated raws li ib tug tshwm sim. Nyob rau ntawm theem pib, nws tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab pom.
Tus kab mob no pib tshwm nws tus kheej sai sai thaum tuaj yeem mob siab tuaj: muaj zog txaus los yog kub heev, sov huab cua. Hauv kev ua ub no, tus kab mob ntawm tus kab mob no yog khaus thiab ua rau mob ntev mus. Dub ceg yog pom tshwm hauv ob qho tib si hauv av thiab saum toj no-av qhov chaw ntawm qos: lub qia hauv qab hloov dub, nplooj nplooj daj, lub tsob ntoo maj mam mus, thiab lub hauv paus pib rot.
Nyob rau hauv lub tshav kub, ib lub lim tiam tom qab, nyob rau hauv hauv paus cheeb tsam, softening ntawm sprouts yuav pib, uas feem ntau poob vim nws tus kheej hnyav. Cov kab mob uas kis tau yooj yim txav tawm; mucous secretions yog pom ntawm cov kab hauv qia. Tubers rot los ntawm stolonny cov chaw, them nrog tsaus dots. Ib qho tseeb kos npe ntawm tus kab mob no yog qhov chaw hauv cov qos yaj ywm, cov tawv nqaij uas tsaus ntuj, cov kab tawg los ntawm cov kua qaub. Cov qoob loo li cov qoob loo yog lub teeb heev, uas qhia qhov kev rhuav tshem ntawm lawv cov insides los ntawm cov kab mob.
Nws yog ua tau kom kov yeej cov ceg dub, nruj me ntsis tsom kwm cov cai ntawm agrotechnical cultivation ntawm qos yaj ywm, lawv cov sau thiab cia. Nyob rau hauv no aspect, qoob loo tig, zoo noob cog, raws sij hawm loosening ntawm cov av, phytocleaning thiab maj tswj, disinfection ntawm cov khoom siv ua hauj lwm tseem ceeb. Tubers ua ntej cog, nws yog ntshaw kom pickle nrog cov tshuaj xws li: "Maxim", "Prestige", "TMTD".
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Thiaj li rau cov noob qos yaj ywm yuav tsum zoo khaws cia kom txog thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav, nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg nws yuav tsum tau greened.
Fungal Qos Cov Kab Mob
Qhov no pab pawg neeg ntawm cov kab mob qos botanists piav qhia raws li qhov loj tshaj thiab txaus ntshai. Cov tsos ntawm ntau fungi rau ntawm bushes los yog nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm qos yaj ywm tas entails mob.
Lawv feem ntau tolerated los ntawm teeb meem kab los yog provoke improper mob rau cultivation ntawm paus cov qoob loo. Xav txog cov lus qhia luv luv ntawm cov kab mob nquag thiab cov hau kev ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog lawv.
Nroj tsuag uas tseem xav tau kev kho mob rau cov kab mob thiab kab tsuag: pob kws, qhwv, txiv lws suav, cucumbers, turnips, taub dag, dill, eggplant, carrots, strawberries, raspberries.
Hom qia
Tus kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua si tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob hauv cov kab mob hu ua Streptomycetes. Lub forerunners ntawm lawv tshwm sim yog tsawg theem ntawm agrotechnology, limestone, Sandy, Sandy Sandy substrates thiab kub huab cua puag. Lub pathogen los ntawm lub hmo ntuj tau txais mus rau hauv lub tubers. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo mob ploj saj thiab kev nthuav qhia. Me me asymmetrical me ntsis xim rau ntawm cov qos yaj ywm, uas nws thiaj li "cork".
Hauv kev faib rau kev loj hlob ntawm lub pob kawb, cov nqaij ua ke ua ke, thiab ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab uas yog lub mycelium yog ib qho tsis pom kev. Nyob rau hauv lub hnub nws dries sai sai thiab poob nws cov cim. Lub hauv paus ntawm xws li paus cov qoob loo, nyob rau hauv kev phem ntawm tsim ulcer tev sab nraum, tsis hloov. Rau kev tiv thaiv thiab curative ntsuas, Neeg sib tw ntawm Biological Sciences, xib fwb NULiP ntawm Ukraine Ivan Markov advises rau soj ntsuam cov qoob loo tig thiab cov cai ntawm pub qos yaj ywm.
Raws li tus kws tshawb fawb, tshiab straw manure, compost, overdose ntawm cov organic teeb meem thiab nitrogen-muaj chiv ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm pathogens. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los qhia txog physiologically acidic tshuaj nrog lub xam ntawm 60 kg ib 1 his, uas yog manganese sulfate thiab ammonium sulfate. Nitrogen cov stabilizers kuj txaus.
Qhov teeb meem ntawm scab yog significantly txo nrog ntau npaum li cas ntawm poov tshuaj ntsev, calcium chloride, manganese, boron, tooj liab, cobalt. Xam cov naj npawb ntawm cov tshuaj uas siv rau ib qho teb tau raws li nws cov ntawv tshawb xyuas agrochemical, uas tsuas yog ua los ntawm ib tug kws kho mob tshwj xeeb.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Xwv cov av thiab cov nyob ntev tom qab cog qoob loo pab rau cov tsos mob ntawm cov hu ua fungi.
Yog tias tsis muaj lub caij nyoog thiab txhais tau tias kev kuaj xyuas, koj siv tau txoj kev pheej yig tshaj plaws rau kev sib ntaus sib tua, tsom ntawm kev mob kabmob-resistant qos. Tsis txhob ntshai cov kab mob fungal "Bozhedar", "Kosen 95", "Chernigov 98", "Lugovskaya", "Borodyanskaya Roza", "Vesta", "Symphony", "Vodogray", "Veloks", "Gatchinskaya", "Volovetskaya" , "Glow", "Lybid", "Drevlyanka", "Serpanok", "Poren", "Rosara" thiab lwm yam khoom nrog ib daim tawv nyias ntawm reddish tones.
Tsis tas li ntawd, txhua tus tswv av yuav tsum saib xyuas cov av. Yuav kom enrich nws nrog tseem ceeb kawm, nws ua rau kev nkag siab rau npaj lub plowing ntawm siderates: lupine, clover los yog alfalfa. Xaiv tau cog cov qoob loo zoo hauv paus ua ntej kev kho mob "Maxim", "Prestige" preparations thiab "Agat-25K" kev loj hlob regulator. Tom qab lub buds pib rau ntawm seedlings, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los irrigate cov av rau 4 lub lim piam, tswj qhov av noo ntawm 75%.
Powdery scab
Hmoov kua txob yog tus neeg sawv cev ntawm Spongospora subterranea plasmodyomycete, feem ntau yog hu ua slimeevik los yog mushroom cuav. Nws yog ib qho me me pob txha ua me me uas txav tau thiab ua rau lub neej tsis muaj kab ntsig ntawm cov nqi ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Thaum nws muaj lus los ntawm cov neeg mob tsis zoo, nws hides nyob rau hauv ib qho kev tiv thaiv txheej txheem thiab hloov mus rau hauv ib lub cysting sleeping, uas tuaj yeem siv tau mus txog 4 xyoos.
Nyob hauv dampness, lub plhaub siab sab nraud tau them nrog cov hnoos qeev, uas cia cov cab no tawm mus. Yog li nws tau txais nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm thiab tubers ntawm qos yaj ywm. Заболевшие экземпляры становятся уязвимы к бактериозам и гнилостным бактериям, а также к опасным вирусам. Проявляется порошистая парша инфицированием корневой системы, что влечет за собой увядание и гибель стеблей. 
Tseem muaj cov dawb galls nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm thiab warty pustules on lub tev. Txij lub sij hawm, cov kab mob rau ntawm txoj hlab pas, ua kom yooj yim, thiab tau ntim nrog cov hmoov av ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm tus kab mob paragitic thiab qhov seem ntawm daim ntaub ntawm cov nqaij. Kev tawg ntawm daim tawv nqaij muab cov pustules lub hnub qub. Nyob rau hauv ntub thiab hnyav xau, nyob rau hauv cloudy huab cua, tus kab mob tsim ntau intensively.
Nws yog ua tau kom txuag lub qos yaj ywm los ntawm slyshevik los ntawm txoj kev tsis tu ncua qoob loo, los ntawm cog high-quality noob, uas yuav tsum tau pretreated nrog fungicides ("Maxim"). Harvesting ntawm paus cov qoob loo yuav tsum tau muab tsim nyob rau hauv qhuav, sov huab cua, saib cov cai saum toj no rau sau thiab khaws cia tubers. Nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw mob, re-cultivation ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog ua tau tsuas yog tom qab 7 xyoo.
Koj puas paub? Raws li cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Main State Inspectorate ntawm cog kev tiv thaiv ntawm Ukraine, nyob rau hauv 1996, tag nrho qos plantations nyob rau hauv homestead av thiab nyob rau hauv cov lag luam ua lag luam ntawm lub Lviv cheeb tsam twb cuam tshuam los ntawm scab. Nws yog ib qho kev cia siab nyob rau hauv intensive kev loj hlob ntawm fungi. Tseeb cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus kab mob ntawm tubers 17 - 24%.
Silver scab
Tus kab mob no yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov pom ntawm fungus Helminthosporium solani, uas cuam tshuam tsuas yog lub rind ntawm tubers. Nyob rau hauv thawj theem, cov cab no yog ib qho tseem ceeb, thiab raws li lub mycelium kis, qhov tawv nqaij tsaus xim av. Cov qoob loo li cov qoob loo yog feem ntau kis mob kis kab mob thiab kis kab mob. Yog hais tias tus txiv hmab txiv ntoo mob kis mus rau hauv cov khoom cog, tsis muaj zog tsis muaj zog tua yuav loj hlob los ntawm nws.
Tom qab lub caij loj hlob, ntawm no, tus sau yog tseem tau, tab sis nws yuav txawm ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm scab. To taub hais tias parasitic fungi nyob rau hauv hauv paus qoob loo, koj muaj peev xwm tam sim ntawd nyob rau hauv sau, ua tib zoo saib cov defects ntawm qos yaj ywm. Clearing nws los ntawm hauv av, koj yuav saib tau ntau lub teeb xim av me ntsis.
Thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav, lawv yuav pom cov dents thiab cov lus ci, uas yog vim muaj cov txheej txheem ntawm exfoliation ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg thiab kev siv cov pa mus rau kab noj hniav. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas muaj ib qho mob loj heev, lub plhaub siab ntawm lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog heev deformed, poob moisture.
Nyuaj mob rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm silver scab on qos yaj ywm yog suav tias yog dampness nyob rau hauv cia thiab high school kub heev. Piv txwv, rau kev tsim kom muaj tus kabmob sib kis, 1 teev tom +15 ° C yog txaus. Ntawm + 3 ° C, tsis muaj nceb.
Tsis tas li, koj yuav xav paub txog cov kab mob uas yuav pab tau kom tshem tawm cov kab mob: "Ordan", "Trichodermin", "Abiga-Peak", "Titus", "Kvadris", "Skor", "Strobe".
Txoj kev ntawm combating silver scab tsoos, raws li nyob rau hauv dhau los ntawm tus kab mob ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob fungal. Lawv txawv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov txhais tau tias rau disinfecting noob qos yaj ywm. Agronomists qhia siv tshuaj: "Vivatak 200", "Fundazol", "Maxim", "Bontan", "Titusim", "Nitrafen", "Tekto 45". Protravka yuav tsum tau nqa tawm sai sai tom qab sau lub keeb kwm.
Dub Scab (Rhizoctoniosis)
Piv nrog silver thiab cov scab, rhizoctoniosis cuam tshuam tsis tsuas yog lub tubers, tab sis tag nrho cov nroj tsuag. Tus kab mob tshwm los ntawm substrates muaj tus kab mob nrog pathogens, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub caij txias. Qhov no dub scab txawv ntawm lwm yam tsiaj thiab nqa ib tug ntau dua kev hem thawj rau tubers cog nyob rau hauv txias av.
Young sprouts ntawm diseased kab lis kev cai yog heev thinned thiab nyuaj siab. Dub warty dots yog pom nyob rau hauv paus zaub, uas yooj yim exfoliate thiab tau ua ke ua ke.
Nyob rau hauv lub stems, tus kab mob yog manifested by xim av nqaij, uas them nrog xav whitish Bloom nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv ib feem, thiab ntxhib spotting nyob rau hauv keeb kwm. Kev sib kis ntawm cov mob fungal tuaj yeem txo qhov sau thiab ua kom txhij nws hauv lub cellar.
Nws txoj kev loj hlob tuaj yeem ua rau mob khaub thuas thiab cua sov. Yog li ntawd, rau prophylaxis, tsis txhob Rush rau cov nroj tsuag qos yaj ywm, cia cov av kom sov thiab poob tshaj cov dej noo. Zoo tshawb xyuas cov noob keeb kwm, pov tseg cov kab mob uas muaj tus kab mob.
Ua ntej cog, kev kho mob ntawm tubers zoo noj nrog "Fundazol", "Prestigem" los yog "Maxim" yog ib qho tseem ceeb. Lub sij hawm hloov ntawm cov qoob loo nyob rau hauv lub vaj teb, tshem tawm ntawm saum lub tsob ntoo ua ntej harvesting thiab nroj tsuag seem tom qab nws, lub fertilization ntawm cov av tshwj xeeb nrog nrog overheated organic teeb meem tseem ceeb.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Yuav kom nce lub tawm los, txhua 4 xyoo, qos yaj ywm yuav tsum tau tshiab, muab kev xaiv rau cov neeg tseem ceeb, tsis muaj tus kab mob ntawm Dutch xaiv.
Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau germinate noob tubers nyob rau hauv tshav ntuj, vim sprouts tshwm nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj yog cuam tshuam los ntawm cov dub scab ua ntej. Diseased bushes, agrochemists tau qhia los kho nrog cov tshuaj muaj zog: "Ditan M-45", "Kolfugo", "Mancozeb", "Fenoram super."
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Yuav kom txuag tau zoo qos yaj ywm los ntawm scourge ntawm dub scab, nws yog pom zoo kom npaj thaum ntxov harvesting ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Alternaria (qhuav spotting)
Alternaria qos yaj ywm los ntawm nceb ntawm genus Alternaria, uas yog qhib nyob rau hauv qhuav thiab kub huab cua. Koj tuaj yeem pom cov cim ntawm lawv cov kev ua si los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm flowering ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Symptomatology pronounced ua ntej harvesting ntawm paus cov qoob loo. Tus kab mob tshwm sim nws tus kheej on nplooj, sprouts, tsis tshua muaj nceb nceb tub thooj. Koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj los ntawm cov xim av ntawm cov voj voos lossis cov duab puab tshwm tuaj ntawm nplooj ntoo los yog kab tshuam.
Mycelium yog yooj yim pauv nrog kev pab los ntawm cua, infecting tshiab qhov chaw ntawm lub vaj teb. Nyob rau hauv no lies lub txaus ntshai ntawm Alternaria kab mob ntawm qos nplooj. Nws meej meej qhov tseeb ntawm focal spraying ntawm qhov teeb meem. Lawv tsim yog nce los ntawm kev hloov heev hauv huab cua ntub thiab qhuav, tsis muaj noo noo, av av tsis zoo, tsis muaj potassium thiab nitrogen, thiab ntau tshaj ntawm phosphorus.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav kis tau tus kab mob fungus, tab tom kov nrog kev khawb, thiab paub tab yog tias lawv muaj abrasions thiab lwm yam kev puas tsuaj. Yuav tua cov kab mob uas ua rau kom qhuav qhuav, thawj kauj ruam yog tshem tawm cov thawj qhov hauv av. Qhov no yog ua los ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg caij nplooj zeeg plowing. Txaj nrog qos yaj ywm nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej yuav tsum tau muab tso kom deb li deb tau los ntawm txiv lws suav, vim Alternaria txaus ntshai rau tag nrho cov nightshade.
Noob tubers yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam xyuas, muab pov tseg nrog cov xim dub los yog xim av thiab me ntsis concave me ntsis nrog cov cwj pwm tsis sib xws tab sis ntse sawv. Cov nplooj loj hlob yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau fertilize nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm. Sai li sai tau koj pom thawj cov cim ntawm tus kab mob, sai li sai tau spray cov nroj tsuag nrog tej fungicide. Rov ua dua yog advisable kom nyob ntawm seb qhov degree ntawm tus kab mob thiab qhov ntev ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm cov tshuaj siv.
Qhov mob ua kom zoo tshaj yog ua kom txias thiab qaub, nws tuaj yeem muaj huab cua. Qhov feem pua ntawm koj cov kev sau yog nyob ntawm kev ua raws li cov cai ntawm kev sau thiab txuag nws nyob rau hauv lub cellar. Yuav ua li cas ua kom yog, peb twb hais saum toj no.
Ib txhia gardeners qhia qhov kev paub ntawm cog ntau yam resistant rau alternariosis. Piv txwv li: "Lina", "Neva", "Victory", "Fairy Tale", "Reserve", "Lyubava", "Skoroplodnaya", "Volzhanka", "Master".
Koj puas paub? Cov neeg cog lus Mev tsis kam cog cov qos yaj ywm xwb los ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov hauv paus hniav tau ntshai ntawm lawv cov neeg ntseeg, zoo li cov neeg.
Qe nqaij hlav qe
Qhov no yog tus kab mob fungal quarantine, triggered los ntawm microbes, vim cov kev ua ntawm kev uas tau puas tau cov tubers raug txwv los ntawm lawv qhov chaw ntawm txoj kev loj hlob. Pathogens kis mus rau hauv keeb kwm thiab hauv paus system ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Mob kheesxaws ua tau los ntawm kev loj hlob nrog lub qauv ntub dej uas zoo li lub txiv quav ntsev. 
Ntev mus, cov formations nce, hloov xim, txav mus rau hauv paus cheeb tsam ntawm stems thiab pob zeb. Thaum kawg theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, lawv ua dub nrog cov nplua nuj ntawm cov nplua av. Lawv poob mus rau hauv av nrog kev pab ntawm cov khoom siv ua haujlwm, tsiaj txhu thiab quav tsiaj, lawv nyob twj ywm siv tau 4 xyoos.
Txhawm rau tshem ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab cov kis, ncuav kerosene, tshuaj dawb los yog formalin thiab bury mus rau ib qhov tob ntawm yam tsawg 1 meter. Raws li lwm txoj kev, ib txhia gardeners muab hlawv tag nrho cov cuam tshuam cov nroj tsuag, tab sis cov qos yaj ywm muaj sia nyob tsis haum rau cov noob, vim tias nws yog ib qho paddler ntawm pathogens. Cov tubers no zoo tshaj plaws rau kev siv khoom noj.
Yuav kom tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob kis tus kab mob thoob plaws hauv thaj av, nws pom zoo kom tua cov av uas muaj tshuaj dawb thiab muab cov qoob loo cog rau ntawm nws los yog tawm hauv qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw uas muaj qhov hearth tau pom. Rau 5 xyoo, qos yaj ywm cov qog muaj peev xwm kov yeej ntau yam mob, xws li: "Pavlinka", "Lvovskaya Belaya", "Baranovsky", "Iskra", "Zorka", "Early Yellow", "Smackny", "Spark", "Temp" , "Vilia".
Ntawm cov hoob kawm, qhov kev yuav khoom ntawm cov noob khoom yog nqa tawm tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov chaw zov me nyuam tshwj xeeb. Ua ntej cog, tshawb cov tubers - nyob rau hauv hauv av mus dai rau lawv saum npoo tau npog mob cancer spores. Organic thiab pob zeb tshuaj txhawb pab tsim tawm ntawm av los ntawm kev kis kab mob microbes. Tab sis tib lub sij hawm, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej tias lub manure yog zoo perepel. Kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob muaj nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm kev cog tshuaj. 
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Ua ntej sowing, tubers uas tau loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam cuam tshuam los ntawm mob cancer yuav disinfected siv 1% ncua kev kawm ntawm Fundazole.
Qhuav rot (Fusarium)
Qhov laj thawj uas qhuav qhuav tshwm ntawm cov qos yaj ywm muaj ntau heev nyob rau hauv kev ua liaj ua teb technology thiab unfavorable xau, raws li tau zoo li mechanical kev puas tsuaj thiab tsis zoo txuag ntawm tubers nyob rau lub caij ntuj no. Symptomatology ntawm tus kab mob kom meej meej tshwm nyob rau tubers nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm maub marsh-xim av me ntsis, uas eventually txauv mus rau ntiav dents. Daim tawv nqaij ntawm cov cheeb tsam cuam tshuam yog shriveled, pubescent txheej pom. Ib tug duab zoo li hauv lub fetus.
Lub fab ntawm cov nroj tsuag thaum lub sij hawm kev loj hlob ntawm Fusarium pib fade, txo lub stems thiab poob lawv loj hlob. Yog tias koj hlais cov kaab mob, koj tuaj yeem pom lub nplhaib ntawm qhov chaw uas lub hau txig.
Txhawm rau ua kom puas ntswj qhuav pathogenic fungi, nws pom zoo kom ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm kev cog qoob loo, cog cov khoom zoo siab xwb, tiv thaiv qos yaj ywm los ntawm shocks thiab txiav thaum lub sij hawm sau qoob, thiab txhua xyoo pre-sow tuber dressing nrog fungicides (eg, Maxim, Prestige). 
Lig blight
Xws li ib tug fungal tus kab mob ntawm cov qos yaj ywm li lig blight suav hais tias yog feem ntau insidious ntawm tag nrho daim ntawv teev npe ntawm ailments. Nws cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov nroj tsuag nkaus, tab sis yog manifested feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub foliage thaum lub caij ntawm budding ntawm bushes. Yog xav paub txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm blight yuav rau xim av muaj me ntsis uas tsim nyob rau hauv underside ntawm nplooj thiab, loj hlob, npog cov nroj tsuag nrog ib tug tas mus li brown Ntaub pua plooj nrog ib tug me dawb dawb Bloom. Nyob rau ntawm stems ntawm tus kab mob muab ib ntev ntev ntawm maub tsos nqaij daim tawv. Tej yam xws li ib tug nroj tsuag tsis tau tag nrho tsim, nws pib txoj kev ntawm lwj.
Nyiam tej yam kev mob rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm lig blight yog high humidity tom qab ntev rains, huab cua sov thiab tsis muaj zoo qhov cua. Thaum lub caij ntuj no rov qab thiab cov av ua kom qhuav, lub nceb yuav tsis ua hauj lwm. Tab sis qhov no tsis tau txhais hais tias koj kov yeej tus kab mob, txij li thaum thawj zaug nag los ntawm tus kab mob yuav pib muaj kev vam meej. 
Yuav kom kho tau qhov kab lis kev cai, dhau li ntawm cov kev cai, kev cog qoob loo thiab cia ntawm cov qoob loo cov qoob loo, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas thaum pib ntawm cov kab cim lig, txau cov nroj tsuag nrog cov hmoov av, Oksikhom los yog Polykhoy. Qee lub caij ntuj sov cov neeg nyob rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev ua si rau nrov yees, rau lub sij hawm kho lub foliage tincture ntawm qej. Pib ntawm txoj kev no thaum pib ntawm flowering thiab rov ua dua txhua 14 hnub.
Qhov npaj ntawm cov noob khoom tseem ceeb heev. Ntxiv nrog rau sprouting thiab culling tag nrho cov uas tsis zoo, tubers yuav tsum tau kho nrog Fitosprin, boric acid los yog tooj liab sulfate. Cov av nyob rau hauv qhov chaw contaminated nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab Autumn, dhau lawm, yog etched nrog cov saum toj no npaj.
Koj puas paub? Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th, Fabkis pib ua qauv rau decorate costumes thiab wigs nrog bouquets ntawm qos paj. Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws no, lub nroj tsuag tau ntev tau cultivated raws li ib tug ornamental.
Qos yaj ywm fomoz
Pathogens fomoz nkag mus rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm stems thiab stlony qos yaj ywm, muaj ib tug detrimental nyhuv rau lawv. Manifested mob elongated shapeless me ntsis, them nrog xim av dots.
Mus raws li kev loj hlob, fungal spores ringy tawm thiab tsis pub kom kab lis kev cai tsim. Cuam tshuam tawg yog txawv los ntawm kev noj qab nyob zoo poob ntawm saturation ntawm foliage thiab lifelessness. Yog tias koj tsis ntsuas kev ntsuas, cov nroj tsuag yuav tuag. Nyob rau tuber cov qoob loo, qhov tshwm sim ntawm phomosis yog qhia rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov nqaij, uas kis tau mus rau 6 cm.Thaum dhau los, tob sib sib zog nqus tuaj rau ntawm qhov chaw. Zoo li cov specimens khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub cellar, txhawb luam ntawm mycelium. Lawv kuj tau nrog los ntawm kev sau qoob loo thiab cov nroj tsuag tawm hauv lub vaj.
Nws twb tsis yooj yim sua kom txuag tau tus kab mob qos yaj ywm, tab sis nws yog tsim nyog ntaus nrog parasites nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob thiab noob. Rau no, competent seeding ntawm noob nrog rov tom qab ntawm qos yaj ywm tsuas yog tom qab 3 xyoo, ib scrupulous xaiv ntawm noj qab haus huv tubers rau cog thiab sprouting lawv nyob rau hauv lub hnub, zoo li preplant kev kho mob nrog Fundazol yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Qos yaj ywm kis kab mob
Cov kab mob kis tau tus kab mob qos yaj ywm kis kab mob ua rau cov qoob loo puas zoo, zoo li lub sij hawm lub foob. Nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo, lawv cov livelihoods yuav luag imperceptible, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej lawv txov mus txog li 50% ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Colorado beetles, aphids, cicadas thiab lwm yam kab tsuag ua raws li cov khoom ntawm cov kab mob zoo li no. Thiab tseem nws yog ib qho ua tau tus kab mob nyob rau hauv kev ntawm qoob loo cov qoob loo. Cia peb nyob ntawm ntau hom kab mob qos yaj ywm los ntawm cov kab mob.
Ordinary Mosaic
Nws raug kev sim siab ib txhij los ntawm ntau cov kab mob. Rau qhov no txaus siab mob yog lub machining thiab muaj cov teeb meem kab nyob rau hauv lub vaj teb. Nws tshwm rau cov tub ntxhais hluas nplooj nrog nrog pomzoo pom lub teeb ntsuab dots ntawm asymmetric duab. Txij lub sij hawm, xws li mottling darkens thiab kis mus rau tag nrho Bush.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Cov kab mob tsis siv paus nyob hauv lub vaj, yog tias koj disinfect cog nrog nrog cov kua qaub zog lossis cov khoom siv mis nyuj. Cov tshuaj yog npaj rau hauv kev faib ua feem rau 1 khob ib 10 liv dej.
Ntxeev siab mosaic
Thaum mob, cov nplooj ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg cog swell, sib sau ib hom ntawm folds. Lawv tau los ntawm cov neeg pluag outflow ntawm assimilated khoom. 3 xyoos tom qab cultivation ntawm mob qos yaj ywm, koj yuav pom tau li cas nroj tsuag muaj reborn rau hauv dwarfs nrog ib tug corrugated underdeveloped foliage ib feem thiab heev fragile stems. Qhov no Bush yog tsis muaj peev xwm khi buds thiab muab txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Nws yuav xaus nws lub caij nyoog zuj zus ib hlis ua ntej tshaj qhov kev kuaj mob.
Striped mosaic
Rau ib lub pob zeb mos mos, cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus cwj pwm yog mosaic specks, uas, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, tshwm rau ntawm nplooj ntawv qis thiab theem nrab. Tom qab ntawd, dub kab txaij thiab xees rau ntawm cov leeg tsim ntawm cov cheeb tsam. Cov nplooj so yooj yim, tuag sai sai, feem ntau dai down lifelessly, baring lub qia ua ntej budding. Overwintering pathogen hauv paus zaub.
Qos tuber gothic
Tus kab mob no tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis ua haujlwm ntawm tus kab mob Vertenoid xws li kab mob (IUCS), nrog rau qhov uas nws tseem hu ua "verteblasti". Qhov teeb meem microbe yog manifested los ntawm deformation ntawm tubers, lub deterioration ntawm lawv saj thiab kev nthuav qhia. Lub foliage ntawm diseased bushes yog dhau lawm elongated, heev me me, nws tsim incorrectly. Raws li cov sawv, xws li nplooj muaj anthocyanin ntxoov ntxoo. Diseased nroj tsuag loj hlob tsis zoo, lag qab nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob, thiab xim yog poob rau hauv tubers ntawm liab-skinned ntau yam. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, paus cov qoob loo loj hlob me me nyob rau hauv loj nrog ib tug spindle-puab daim ntawv.
Koj puas paub? Cov kab mob PLPV thiab cov kab mob PVY raug lees paub tias yog cov kab mob phem tshaj plaws thiab dav kis kab mob, uas txo qhov hnyav, kom muaj nuj nqis thiab muaj zog ntawm tubers, tua li 80% ntawm qoob loo.
Qos tuber necrosis
Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm necrosis on qos yaj ywm pib nrog ntog rau hauv av thiab nyob rau hauv tubers ntawm Tobacco rattle tus kab mob (Tobacco rattle virus), uas txo cov ntsiab lus starch thiab ua rau txiv hmab txiv ntoo necrosis. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus kab mob no yog cov teeb meem me me uas npog cov nplooj, deformation ntawm inflorescences, tsaus nti necrotic me ntsis rau hauv cov hauv paus hniav, uas feem ntau bent rau hauv zoo nkauj kab txaij, kab los yog ib ncig.
Ib tus kab mob siab heev ntawm tus kab mob no muaj nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam hauv cov av xuab zeb thiab thaj chaw. Hnub no tsis muaj tshuaj rau kev kis kab mob ntawm cov qos yaj ywm, uas yuav daws tam sim ntawd qhov teeb meem. Txawm li cas los xij, yuav kom tsis txhob poob tag nrho cov qoob loo, yog tias muaj ib qho ntawm cov kab mob uas muaj npe tau teev tseg, tam sim ntawd pib phyto-cleaning, repeating periodically kom txog thaum koj tshem tag nrho cov nroj tsuag.
Xyuas kom tsis muaj nroj tsuag thiab cab cab hauv lub vaj. Insecticides pab kom tshem tawm cov pests (Aktara, Aktellik, Bi-58 Tshiab). Nws tseem yog ntshaw kom siv zoo cov khoom, pov tseg tubers nrog filamentous sprouts.
