Yog tias koj xav ua kom muaj ntau haiv neeg tsim ntawm thaj chaw muaj ntau qhov chaw ua ke nrog lub vaj qub lossis txoj hauv kev, thiab cov khoom lag luam muaj nyob hauv lub tsev loj tsis haum koj rau ib qho laj thawj, siv sijhawm thiab tsim cov pobzeb koj tus kheej, cia los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsim. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum tau yuav cov yas pwm tshwj xeeb thiab kawm paub yuav ua li cas npaj qhov kev daws teeb meem rau txoj hauv kev hauv vaj. Ntxiv me ntsis kev xav, tsim kev txawj ntse, ua siab ntev - thiab koj txoj hauv kev yuav tig tawm tsis yog tsuas yog siv tau ntev, tab sis kuj tseem zoo nkauj tshaj plaws.
Yuav ua li cas los ua kom pheej ywg thiab zoo nkauj?
Tam sim no nws yooj yim mus nrhiav txhua yam los ua tus neeg muaj tswv yim. Hauv cov khw muag khoom koj tuaj yeem yuav yooj yim yas pwm stencils rau ua cov vuas. Koj npaj cov tshuaj khib pob zeb, hliv nws rau hauv cov pwm - thiab tom qab ob peb hnub koj tau txais cov nplais ntawm cov xim muab uas ua kom zoo nkauj lub Hoobkas analogue rau txoj kev taug.
Cov kab uas ua los ntawm cov vuas khov khov muaj peev xwm kav tau ntau caum xyoo - hais txog lub zog lawv tsis qis dua rau lub hauv paus tsev lossis kev sib tshooj ntawm tus choj me. Lawv tau yooj yim thiab ua haujlwm zoo - thiab txhua tus ua tsaug rau npaj cov cement mortar zoo.
Ntau tus kws tshaj lij cov neeg ua haujlwm xum lawv tus kheej kev tsim kho rau qhov kev xaiv yuav khoom, yog li ntawd lawv ua cov ntawv ntawm lawv tus kheej siv ntoo thaiv lossis hlau hlau.
Yuav ua li cas thiaj ua tau cov cement mortar?
Lub peev xwm ntawm nws tus kheej npaj cov pob zeb sib txuas hauv tsev yuav pab tau rau txhua tus neeg uas npaj yuav ua kev tsim kho lossis ua haujlwm. Cov nplaum uas tsim tawv tawv thaum lub sijhawm yog qhov tsim nyog rau txheej txheej cib, rau kev tsim cov pob zeb ua kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov pob zeb, thiab txawm tias kaw ib lub qhov hauv phab ntsa.
Txog kev tsim kho ntawm txoj kev vaj, koj xav tau txoj kev daws teeb meem uas koj tuaj yeem npaj koj tus kheej. Txawm li cas los xij, nws txoj kev ua haujlwm zoo yog nyob ntawm kev npaj ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov sib npaug, yog li peb yuav txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv kev nthuav dav yuav ua li cas sau pwm rau kev ua vaj zaub kom nws pab tau ntau xyoo.
Dab tsi xav tau npaj?
Nws muaj peev xwm hais tias ib tug neeg hauv lub teb chaws muaj yuav muaj cov vaj tse sib tov txawb (qhov no, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev npaj huab hwm coj yuav siv ntau dua thiab sai dua), tab sis nws tsis zoo li tias qhov txiaj ntsig zoo no tuaj yeem nrhiav tau nyob hauv nruab nrab cov chaw lag luam ua teb, yog li peb yuav sau cov khoom pov tseg los ntawm qhov twg tas li ntawm txhais tes.
Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau xaiv lub thawv zoo, uas yuav tsim nyog ob qho tib si me me thiab hauv kev yooj yim ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog nws. Hom phiaj, qhov ntim ntawm lub tank yuav tsum sib haum rau feem ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem uas koj xav kom ua noj rau hauv ib qho mus. Lub peev xwm me me yuav yuam koj kom rov ua qhov txheej txheem - thiab qhov no yog qhov nce ntawm lub sijhawm siv los ua haujlwm los ntawm 2 zaug. Nyob rau hauv ib lub tais loj nws yog qhov tsis yooj yim rau kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab tsim kom muaj qhov homogeneous loj. Kuj tseem ceeb yog lub tank zoo xws li kev ruaj khov thiab phab ntsa muaj zog.
Yog tias koj muaj lub pas dej qub-cam khwb cia hlau hauv koj lub tebchaws, uas feem ntau siv rau khaws cov dej nag, nws tuaj yeem yog qhov kev xaiv zoo ib ntus rau diluting cement mortar, lossis lwm cov tais diav loj uas ua tau raws li qhov xav tau saum toj no.
Ntxiv rau qhov muaj peev xwm, ib qho khoom siv xav tau txhawm rau kom loj mus rau ib homogeneous hauv lub xeev. Nws yog qhov yuam kev siv lub duav lossis cov ntoo thaiv - cov kev daws teeb meem yuav lumped, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov pobzeb.
Sim muab txhua yam tso rau ib qho chaw, kom thaum lub sijhawm ua cov txheej txheem ua noj koj tsis tas yuav ploj mus thiab cab cov txheej txheem.
Cheebtsam Xaiv
Txhawm rau tus qauv, cov khoom siv dav siv cement mortar, 3 yam yuav tsum muaj: cov cement, xuab zeb thiab dej. Nws yuav zoo li txhua yam yog yooj yim - Kuv sib xyaw txhua yam ua ke thiab tau txais cov khoom zoo heev rau kev nchuav ua pwm. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ob peb lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, uas tsis ua raws li qhov uas yuav cuam tshuam tam sim zoo ntawm cov pobzeb. Piv txwv li, xuab zeb. Koj tuaj yeem pom ob peb hom xuab zeb, uas sib txawv hauv qhov loj me, qhov hnyav, thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Maas - qhuav sib xyaw rau hauv cov ntawv hnab - yuav tsum tau friable, tshiab, nrog lub neej txee ntev. Yog tias ob peb lub hnab los ntawm kev tsim kho thaj chaw muaj 10 xyoo raug khaws cia hauv koj chav dej, nws yog qhov zoo dua los hais rau lawv kom zoo, vim tias koj tsis tuaj yeem tau txais cov tshuaj zoo ntawm cov cement.
Nov yog qee cov lus qhia los ntawm cov kws tsim qauv los pab koj ua kom tau ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo:
- Yog tias koj pom cov qog me me hauv kev sib xyaw kom qhuav, nws zoo dua rau sawm cov hmoov av siv tshwj xeeb sieve (10 mm x 10 mm hlwb txaus rau kev ua haujlwm nrog pob zeb, tab sis rau plastering sieve nrog 5 mm x 5 mm hlwb yuav tsum).
- Cov roj zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua haujlwm sab nraum zoov yog 300 lossis 400 qib.
- Kev txiav txim kom yog tseeb tus piv ntawm txhua yam peb ntu. Txog kev khiav, cov tsoos 1: 3 piv yog qhov zoo tagnrho, qhov twg 1 ntu ntawm cov txhab tso nyiaj rau 3 seem ntawm cov xuab zeb. Cov khoom siv loj tuaj yeem ntsuas hauv cov thoob lossis lwm cov khoom ntim khoom haum.
- Txhawm rau muab qee qhov ntxoov ntxoo lossis hloov qee cov yam ntxwv (viscosity, lub zog), cov khoom siv niaj hnub, piv txwv li, cov yas ntim khoom lossis cov xim granules, tau ntxiv rau qhov kev daws teeb meem.
Thaum npaj qhov kev daws teeb meem, nco ntsoov tias nws tsis dhau los ua roj, uas yog, muaj ntau ntawm cov nplai binder. Cov rog rog yog cov yas, yooj yim rau daim ntawv thov, tab sis ua cov lus sib xyaw uas ceev thiab qhuav dhau lub sijhawm - qhov no tsis haum rau cov kab hauv vaj. Nrog rau qhov tsis muaj qhov sib txuas ntawm lub cev, peb tau txais cov tawv pob zeb ua kom zoo nkauj uas yuav ua rau tawv ntev dhau thiab tseem muaj cov yam ntxwv tsis tsim nyog.
Peb xav tau cov cement, tom qab ua kom tawv tawv, muaj lub zog zoo thiab hnav tsis kam, thiab rau qhov no nws tsuas yog tsim nyog soj ntsuam cov qib feem.
Dej tau ntxiv "los ntawm qhov muag", thawj me ntsis, tom qab ntawd ntxiv hauv feem me me. Qhov tshwm sim yuav tsum yog huab hwm coj zoo li lub tuab qaub qab zib hauv viscosity.
Maas Mortar
Nco ntsoov tias cov tshuaj tiav tiav tuaj yeem siv rau ob peb teev, tom qab ntawd nws yuav tsis zoo rau kev nchuav, yog li npaj ua ntej lub rooj, cov ntawv, stencils - txhua yam uas tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov vuas kev.
Maas thiab xuab zeb yog nchuav rau hauv lub thawv rau hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg - tsawg kawg yog 5-6 txheej yuav tsum tau txais. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm siab, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw. Nres thaum tag nrho qhov siab ntawm lub “ncuav qab zib” nce mus txog 25-30 cm. Tom qab ntawd coj tus duav thiab sim maj mam muab sib zog tab sis sib zog sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw: ntau koj nquag txav cov duav, qhov zoo yav tom ntej kev daws yuav.
Cov dej tuaj yeem tau ntxiv tsuas yog tom qab koj nco ntsoov tias cov sib tov qhuav tau npaj tiav, lossis theej, nws cov khaub ncaws tsis sib thooj. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los nqa lub ntim me thiab ntxiv rau hauv qhov me me thiaj li kom tsis txhob sib zog nws thiab tsis ua rau cov tshuaj tov dhau. Ncuav rau hauv dej maj mam, nplawm me ntsis.
Qhov yuam kev ntawm cov neeg tsim haujlwm tshiab yog kev sim nrog qhov ntsuas kub ntawm cov kua dej txhaj. Qee tus neeg xav tias cov dej kub yuav ua kom cov txheej txheem sib kis tau zoo, thiab lawv tau tshwj xeeb kom sov nws, lwm tus hliv rau hauv cov kua dej txias. Ob qho tib si tsis raug thiab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov kev daws teeb meem. Dej yuav tsum nyob ntawm qhov ntsuas kub ib puag ncig ntawm ib puag ncig huab cua - hauv peb qhov xwm txheej, peb tab tom hais txog lub caij sov.
Lwm qhov nuance txhawj txog cov av noo ntawm cov xuab zeb. Feem ntau siv cov xuab zeb khaws cia ncaj qha rau ntawm qhov chaw. Pom tseeb, thaum lub caij nag nws tuaj yeem ntub. Yog tias koj siv ntub, xuab zeb hnyav dua, ncuav txawm tsis muaj kua. Puas yog kev npaj tau npaj txhij? Npaj mus rau sau. Ua raws li qhov ceev thiab viscosity ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, koj muaj 1-3 teev los ncuav cov tshuaj rau hauv cov pwm.
Cov vuas ua raws mosaic vuas: cov duab qhia ntxaws ntxaws
Tsis yog txhua tus neeg nyiam qhov laj kab grey, nco txog ntawm txoj kev hauv nroog asphalt lossis pob zeb ua ke, yog li peb coj koj cov xim cov txheej txheem kev tsim cov vuas, conventionally hu ua mosaic. Peb cov pobzeb nyob deb ntawm cov tswv ntawm cov lus Mev lossis Italian tus kws tshaj lij tshaj lij, txawm li cas los xij, zoo nkauj du zoo nkauj nrog cov ornament ntawm ntau lub pob zeb tiv thaiv ib qho keeb kwm ntawm lub vaj ntsuab saib zoo nkaus li zoo nkauj.
Tsis zoo li cov vuas luaj tib yam, suav nrog ib lub tshuaj khib pob zeb, peb txoj kev xaiv cuam tshuam txog qhov muaj qhov "hnyav" ntxiv - cov pob zeb. Lawv tuaj yeem yog qhov loj lossis me, ib-kob lossis ntau xim, puag ncig lossis tiaj. Lub pob zeb tuaj yeem hloov nrog cov khoom tawg lossis cov pobzeb, pob zeb pebbles - qhov tseem ceeb yog tias lawv tsis plam thaum los nag.
Lub hauv paus rau cov pobzeb yog pob zeb cement mortar npaj raws li cov qauv txheej txheem piav qhia saum toj no. Peb coj cov txheej txheem mis: rau 1 feem ntawm cov cement 3 ntu ntawm cov xuab zeb. Peb npaj qhov sib xyaw kom haum rau hauv ib lub taub loj uas siv me me ntsuas yas.
Nws tseem tuaj yeem mus daws qhov kev daws teeb meem hauv cov kab ntau, nyias rau txhua tus nplais, tab sis cov txheej txheem no yuav siv sijhawm ntev thiab siv zog, yog li peb npaj cov tshuaj nyob rau qhov ntau uas txaus los sau rau 6-8 cov ntawv npaj ua hauv tsev.
Ua tib zoo sau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog pwm them nrog zaj duab xis yas lubricated nrog roj (siv lub tshuab yuav ua). Rau cov vuas luaj tib tuab, peb muab cov vaj huam sib luag sib npaug. Txog qhov raug, koj tuaj yeem kos kab raws cov npoo ntawm cov laug cam qhia qhov siab ntawm pobzeb.
Tsis tas tos rau kev daws teeb tsa, tso cov pob zeb saum npoo. Txawm tias ua ntej npaj qhov kev daws teeb meem, koj tuaj yeem ua ib qho kev rov qab los ntawm kev muab cov pob zeb tso rau hauv lub tub rau khoom "ziab" kom paub cov pob zeb kwv yees uas yuav tsum tau ua rau 1 nplais.
Peb txuas ntxiv rau pob zeb hloov khoom, tsim lub ntuj lossis ntsuas qhov tseeb. Koj tuaj yeem hloov cov ntsiab ntawm cov sib txawv los yog cov xim sib txawv.
Ua ntej tshaj, nteg tawm cov pob zeb loj dua, tom qab ntawd sau cov chaw khoob nrog me me. Qhov tshwm sim yog cov xim zoo nkauj ntau cov xim, qhov tsos tsis qis dua rau tus neeg ua haujlwm Hoobkas.
Cov ntsiab lus tiv thaiv yog lub neej luv ntawm cov nplais thiab kev tu siab rau cov neeg uas yuav taug kev ntawm nws, yog li peb ua tib zoo thawb txhua lub pob zeb sab hauv kom lawv cov dav hlau sab saum toj tau muab sib dhos nrog cov qhob puag.
Yog li, txhua txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov vuas tiav lawm, nws tseem nyob tos. Yog li hais tias cov pob zeb ua tsis tau tawg, nws yuav tsum tau noo noo 1-2 zaug hauv ib hnub. Tom qab 3-4 hnub, nws yuav siav, cov khoom siv tawv yuav txav mus deb ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm cov formwork, thiab cov nplais tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm, tso cov pwm rau qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm txoj kev daws.
Cov vuas vuas yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tsim txoj hauv kev lossis chaw ntawm txhua qhov loj thiab me.
Txoj kev khiav, uas tau siv tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm pob nyiaj siv nyiaj, zoo nkaus li zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias tseem muaj cov qauv ntawm qhov chaw ua los ntawm pob zeb thiab cement mortar.
Thiab thaum kawg - cov vis dis aus loj yuav ua li cas npaj pob zeb cement mortar thiab hliv nws rau hauv cov pwm rau pobzeb: